Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the course of a Wagonway linked to Elemore Colliery (HER ref. 3230), probably for removing waste.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Wagonway linked to Elemore Colliery, (SMR 3230), probably for removing waste.
Site Name
Hetton-le-Hole, Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
3624
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3624 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham, 21; Hetton Local & Natural History Society, 2015, The Hetton Village Atlas
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2625
DAY1
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
432010
EASTING2
3213
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
549210
NORTHING2
4868
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Rainton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the course of the Rainton Meadows branch of the North Eastern Railway, which largely lies outside Tyne and Wear.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Rainton Meadows branch of the North Eastern Railway, largely lies outside Tyne and Wear.
Site Name
North Eastern Railway, Rainton Meadows Branch
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
3623
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3623 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
03
District
Outside
Easting
431810
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
549720
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newbottle
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the position of Morton Pit (Coal).
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Morton Pit (Coal).
Site Name
Morton Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3622
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3622 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
3180
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
432100
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
548790
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Rainton
Description
This Railway is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was probably out of use by 1857. It may have been part of an earlier line of the Londonderry Railway (HER ref. 3180).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Railway, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so probably out of use by 1857. May have been part of an earlier line of the Londonderry Railway, (SMR 3180).
Site Name
East Rainton, Railway
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
3621
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3621 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20
YEAR1
1994
English, British
ADDITINF
y
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
3180, 3196
DAY1
02
DAY2
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
432280
EASTING2
3257
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
549530
NORTHING2
4912
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Rainton Bridge
Description
Waggonway shown on a plan of 1777 surveyed for the Dean and Chapter of Durham by J.C. Mowbray (NRO 578/321). The land was in the ownership of Mr Maskell. Linked Nicholson's Pit (HER 3201) to the Wear. Also shown on a late eighteenth century plan of Rainton Colliery Grounds (NRO 3410 Wat 34/18) and on Greenwood's 1820 map. With the opening of the Rainton to Seaham Railway in 1831 the waggonway would have lapsed. The route is later shown as a railway spur from the Londonderry Railway (HER 3180) to Chilton Moor Brick Field (HER 3182).
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Waggonway shown on a plan of 1777 surveyed for the Dean and Chapter of Durham by J.C. Mowbray (NRO 578/321). The land was in the ownership of Mr Maskell. Linked Nicholson's Pit (HER 3201) to the Wear. Also shown on a late eighteenth century plan of Rainton Colliery Grounds (NRO 3410 Wat 34/18) and on Greenwood's 1820 map. With the opening of the Rainton to Seaham Railway in 1831 the waggonway would have lapsed. The route is later shown as a railway spur from the Londonderry Railway (HER 3180) to Chilton Moor Brick Field (HER 3182).
Site Name
Rainton Bridge, waggonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
3620
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3620 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham 20; Northern Counties Archaeological Services and Timescape Services, 2001 "Rainton Bridge South, Houghton-le-Spring, Sunderland - Desk-Based Assessment and Geophysical Survey of the Archaeological Potential"; Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd for Geoquest Associates, 2001, "An Archaeological Evaluation at Rainton Bridge South, Houghton-le-Spring, Tyne and Wear"; Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, 2003, "An Archaeological Excavation at Rainton Bridge South, Houghton-le-Spring, Tyne and Wear"; Gavin Glover, 2005, "Rainton Bridge South Waggonway", Industrial Archaeology Review, XXVII: 2, pp 235-244; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2018,Redburn Row, Chilton Moor, post-excavation analysis
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2008
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2948,3617
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
439670
EASTING2
4155
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MAP2
NZ45SW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
557320
NORTHING2
5198
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Sunderland
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the course of the Sunderland to Stockton Toll Road. The northern end of this road is unclear on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but it probably ran south from the Wearmouth Bridge (HER ref. 2739). It crossed Barley Mow Bridge (HER ref. 3617), had a Toll House at Ryhope Bar (HER ref. 2948), and left the county where it crossed Ryhope Dene.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Sunderland to Stockton Toll Road. The northern end of this road is unclear on the 1st edition OS mapping, it has been recorded as if it runs south from the Wearmouth Bridge, (SMR 2739). It crossed Barley Mow Bridge, (SMR 3617), had a Toll House at Ryhope Bar, (SMR 2948), and left the county where it crossed Ryhope Dene.
Site Name
Sunderland to Stockton Road
Site Type: Specific
Toll Road
HER Number
3619
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3619 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 6 inch scale, Durham14
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
3146
DAY1
02
DAY2
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435580
EASTING2
3477
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
552960
NORTHING2
5300
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
East Herrington
Description
In 1812, John Nesham built a new six miles long iron-railway to carry coal from his Newbottle Colliery, across East Herrington and to coal spouts emptying directly into collier brigs at Galleys Gill in Sunderland, avoiding transhipment on to keels. Initially operated solely with horses, in 1814, the railway was the scene of experimentation with locomotive engines. William Brunton’s Iron Horse was used to pull coal on a gradient between the Margaret Pit and West Herrington. In 1815, the boiler of the locomotive exploded, killing 16 people and seriously injuring 40; the world’s first major railway disaster. By 1819, engineered inclined-planes (four) and stationary engines (three) were the main motive power on the line, propelling rope-hauled coal waggons. Nesham sold the concern in 1822 to John Lambton, from which time it was known as the Lambton Railway. From 1833 it was called the Earl of Durham’s Railway. The early form of the railway is shown in detail on a map of 1817 held at Sunderland Museum. Possibly associated with engine HER 3146.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
In 1812, John Nesham built a new six miles long iron-railway to carry coal from his Newbottle Colliery, across East Herrington and to coal spouts emptying directly into collier brigs at Galleys Gill in Sunderland, avoiding transhipment on to keels. Initially operated solely with horses, in 1814, the railway was the scene of experimentation with locomotive engines. William Brunton’s Iron Horse was used to pull coal on a gradient between the Margaret Pit and West Herrington. In 1815, the boiler of the locomotive exploded, killing 16 people and seriously injuring 40; the world’s first major railway disaster. By 1819, engineered inclined-planes (four) and stationary engines (three) were the main motive power on the line, propelling rope-hauled coal waggons. Nesham sold the concern in 1822 to John Lambton, from which time it was known as the Lambton Railway. From 1833 it was called the Earl of Durham’s Railway. The early form of the railway is shown in detail on a map of 1817 held at Sunderland Museum. Possibly associated with engine HER 3146.
Site Name
East Herrington, Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
3618
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3618 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2013, Waggonways to the South Bank of the River Tyne and to the River Wear; Turnbull, L, 2012, Railways Before George Stephenson (entry 88) p77-9, 163 and 172; Hair, T.H, 1844, Views of the Collieries p41; Map of Sunderland 1817 (Sunderland Museum 2011.3209)
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
3619
DAY1
01
District
Sunderland
Easting
439960
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555710
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
The Barley Mow Bridge carried the Sunderland to Stockton road (HER ref. 3619) over Hendon Burn.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Barley Mow Bridge carried the Sunderland to Stockton road, (SMR 3619), over Hendon Burn.
Site Name
Barley Mow Bridge
Site Type: Specific
Road Bridge
HER Number
3617
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3617 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 6 inch scale, Durham14
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
29
District
Sunderland
Easting
434020
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
550270
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Steam Mill (Corn) at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Steam Mill (Corn).
Site Name
Houghton-le-Spring, Steam Mill
Site Type: Specific
Steam Mill
HER Number
3616
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3616 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
3166
DAY1
29
DAY2
13
District
Sunderland
Easting
433870
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
550270
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
Gas Works, possibly associated with the adjacent Houghton Colliery, (HER 3166). The gas works were established by Houghton-le-Spring District Gas Company in 1833 to supply Houghton, Newbottle and East Rainton with gas for street lighting. In 1856 it produced 15000 cubic feet of gas a day supplying 36 public lamps at £2 each per annum and supplying the colliery, churches, chapels etc in town at 4s 6d per 1000 cublic feet. E.D. Welford was the treasurer and managing director in 1856 along with Thomas Hewitson, secretary.
The OS map of 1857 shows the main gasworks building, which would have held the retort house, workshop, coal store and fitters shop. The map also depicts a small gasholder C and a circular tar tank.
By 1891 a linear extension had been added to the west side of the original building and two new gasholders A and B had been built. The linear building comprised the meter house, station governor, volumetric governor, livesey washer, purifier house and lime shed. The 'holy well' (HER 270) east of the gasworks could have provided the water.
By 1919 another larger gasholder 1 had been built in the south-west part of the site and a small office building.
Gasholders A, B and C do not appear on maps after 1920.
By 1939 large gasholder 2 had been added in the south-east part of the site.
By 1974 gasholders 1 and 2 had been removed and the site became a depot. By 1992 the original gasworks building had been demolished.
SITEASS
Gasholders or gasometers are large vertical cylindrical storage vessels for holding town gas at constant pressure prior to distribution to consumers. The oldest design of gasholder, made from wrought-iron plates dates from an 1824 patent. It telescoped vertically by means of grooved wheels on vertical guide rails. Later design by W. Gadd in 1890. Small gasholders were used in factories and mills which had their own gas manufacturing plant for providing lighting. By the 1870s a typical gas manufacturing works comprised of: a retort house containing rows of retorts where the gas was made, a hydraulic main to provide a water seal to prevent explosive gas blowbacks when a retort was opened, a condensor to cool the gas and allow liquid tar to drain out, an exhauster to draw out the gas from the retorts, a scrubber in which water removed ammonia from the gas, purifiers to remove contaminants, a meter to measure the volume of gas, one or more gasholders, a governor to control the pressure at which gas was distributed to customers, covered storage for coal and coke, a boiler and steam engine to drive the exhauster and a water pump for the scrubber (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, EG Stewart, 1958, History of the gas, light and coke co. 1812-1949, T. Williams, 1981, History of the British Gas Industry).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Gas Works, possibly associated with the adjacent Houghton Colliery, (HER 3166). The gas works were established by Houghton-le-Spring District Gas Company in 1833 to supply Houghton, Newbottle and East Rainton with gas for street lighting. In 1856 it produced 15000 cubic feet of gas a day supplying 36 public lamps at £2 each per annum and supplying the colliery, churches, chapels etc in town at 4s 6d per 1000 cublic feet. E.D. Welford was the treasurer and managing director in 1856 along with Thomas Hewitson, secretary. The remains of the gasworks were encountered during a watching-brief in 2019 before the site was redeveloped.
The OS map of 1857 shows the main gasworks building, which would have held the retort house, workshop, coal store and fitters shop. The map also depicts a small gasholder C and a circular tar tank.
By 1891 a linear extension had been added to the west side of the original building and two new gasholders A and B had been built. The linear building comprised the meter house, station governor, volumetric governor, livesey washer, purifier house and lime shed. The 'holy well' (HER 270) east of the gasworks could have provided the water.
By 1919 another larger gasholder 1 had been built in the south-west part of the site and a small office building.
Gasholders A, B and C do not appear on maps after 1920.
By 1939 large gasholder 2 had been added in the south-east part of the site.
By 1974 gasholders 1 and 2 had been removed and the site became a depot. By 1992 the original gasworks building had been demolished.
Site Name
Houghton-le-Spring, Gas Works
Site Type: Specific
Gas Works
HER Number
3615
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1857, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13; Whellan, W, 1856, History, Topography, and Directory of the County Palatine of Durham; AB Heritage, 2018, Former Gasworks, Halliwell Street, Houghton-le-Spring - Historic Environment Desk Based Assessment; AB Heritage, 2019 Former Gasworks, Houghton-le-Spring, Archaeological Monitoring