English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
435780
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556560
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Ford
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was probably out of use by 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was probably out of use by 1855.
Site Name
Ford, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2838
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2838 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
435920
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556900
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Limestone Quarry and Lime Kiln, both as marked Old on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so presumably out of use by 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Limestone Quarry and Lime Kiln, both as marked Old on 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1855.
Site Name
Ford, Limestone Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Limestone Quarry
HER Number
2837
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2837 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
439620
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557350
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Horne and Scott's Bottle Works, by the west side of the Wearmouth Bridge was originally called Bishopwearmouth Glasshouse. It was opened in 1765 by John Hopton to produce Table Glass. It was subsequently run by Hilkiah Hall and in c.1809 was taken over by Laing, Horn, Scott and Company, producing bottles and plate glass. It closed in 1877 and was demolished to make way for a railway bridge.
Site Type: Broad
Glassmaking Site
SITEDESC
Horne and Scott's Bottle Works, by the west side of the Wearmouth Bridge. This was originally called Bishopwearmouth Glasshouse. It was opened in 1765 by John Hopton to produce Table Glass, it was subsequently run by Hilkiah Hall and in c.1809 was taken over by Laing, Horn, Scott and Company, producing bottles and plate glass. It closed in 1877 and was demolished to make way for a railway bridge.
Site Name
Horne and Scott's Bottle Works
Site Type: Specific
Bottle Works
HER Number
2836
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2836 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
N.T. Sinclair in Milburn & Miller (eds), 1988, Sunderland, River, Town & People, Industry to 1914, p.32
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
22
DAY2
15
District
Sunderland
Easting
439120
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557200
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Ayres Quay Road Steam Mill (corn) is marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Marked on the 1st edition OS mapping as "Ayres Quay Road Steam Mill (corn)" {1}.
Site Name
Ayres Quay Road Steam Mill
Site Type: Specific
Steam Mill
HER Number
2835
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2835 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
I. Ayris 1996, Galley Gill, Sunderland, An Appraisal of the Historical Development and Arch...
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
439230
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557360
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Lime Kiln on the north side of Rector's Park.
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Lime Kiln, on the north side of Rector's Park.
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, lime kiln
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
HER Number
2834
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2834 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
2832,2851,2852
DAY1
22
DAY2
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
439250
EASTING2
3232
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MAP2
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
557430
NORTHING2
5164
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Description
Its northern terminus of The Lambton Wagonway was at the Lambton Drops (HER ref. 2832), on the Wear. Its southern end lay outside the county. This line was built in 1815 by the Nesham family to replace an earlier one from Philadelphia to the Penshaw Staiths. One of the stationery engines on the route was torched by Keelmen in 1815. The line was sold to John Lambton in 1822. The section between West Herrington and the Grindon Engine was realigned c.1831. The line was finally abandoned c.1870. Workmen building a new carpark at Sunderland Royal Hospital in September 2002 found that the line of the wagonway survived as a band of crushed coal waste. They also found a stone lined well (HER ref. 5138) presumably associated with the glebe engine (HER ref. 2851) on the wagonway.

In 2018 a section of the Lambton Wagonway was excavated revealling impressions of timber sleepers and a stone sleeper.
SITEASS
Workmen building a new carpark at Sunderland Royal Hospital (NZ 379 564)in September 2002 found that the line of the wagonway survived as a band of crushed coal waste. At the same they found a stone lined well (SMR 5138) presumably associated with the glebe engine (SMR 2851) on the wagonway.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Lambton Wagonway. Its northern terminus was at the Lambton Drops, (SMR 2832), on the Wear. Its southern end lay outside the county. This line was built in 1815 by the Nesham family to replace an earlier one from Philadelphia to the Penshaw Staiths. The Lambton Wagonway was the site of an experiment by William Brunton in 1813. His "Mechanical Traveller" machine worked on the part of the line between Margaret Pit (HER 3126) and West Herrington throughout the winter of 1814. It obtained progressive motion by an ingenious combination of levers which acted like walking legs. But on 31st July 1815 a boiler which had been fitted to it at Philadelphia exploded, killing 16 persons and injuring 40. Is this the same stationery engine which was said to have been torched by Keelmen in 1815? The line was sold to John Lambton in 1822. The section between West Herrington and the Grindon Engine was realigned c.1831. The line was finally abandoned c.1870 {1}.
In 2018 an archaeological excavation exposed a 20m x 4m section of the Lambton wagonway. Excavations exposed the multi-phase development of the wagonway and impressions of timber sleepers and a stone sleeper at a depth of 1.15m BGL (64.43m AOD). Five different groups of sleepers were identified. The narrowest consisted of single rail sleeper impressions an average length of 0.83m. The widest wagonway excavated were designed to carry two rails and had an average length of 2.08m. No wagonway ditches were identified. Five timber pins or pegs 9-14cm in length and 1.5-4cm in diameter were also excavated.
Site Name
Lambton Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
2833
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2833 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
N.T. Sinclair in Milburn & Miller, (eds) 1988, Sunderland, River, Town & People, Sunderland's Railways, p.26,27
C.E. Mountford, 1970, The Development of Colliery Railways in Co. Durham, p 5; W.W. Tomlinson, 1914, The North Eastern Railway - Its Rise and Development, pp 26-27; McKelvey, J. 2018. Lambton Waggonway, Philadelphia, Sunderland, Archaeological excavation, AD Archaeology, Event 4836; Pre-construct Archaeology, 2019, Sunderland Strategic Transport Corridor, Archeological evaluation phase 2
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
2833
DAY1
22
DAY2
27
District
Sunderland
Easting
439290
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557430
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Lambton Drops was the northern terminus of the Lambton Wagonway (HER ref. 2833). The staiths had a wooden superstructure which has been removed, but the quay along the river bank remains with the bases of the staith superstructure. A concrete retaining wall also remains.
SITEASS
The staiths had a wooden superstructure which has been removed, but the quay along the river bank remains with the bases of the staith superstructure. A concrete retaining wall also remains {2}.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
Lambton Drops, the northern terminus of the Lambton Wagonway (HER 2833). The railway was built in 1815 to bring coal from inland to the mouth of the river where it could be loaded onto sea-going colliers. Prior to the construction of the railway, large steam powered crane-like devices, designed by either William Bell or William Burlison, were constructed to lift the tubs of coal from the barges which had brought the coal down river, into the colliers. A complex of buildings and an incline is shown on Rennie's map of 1819. Major modifications occurred from 1865 to 1890s. A programme of tunnel building rerouted the Lambton railway - the railway supplying Lambton Drops approached the staiths from the west through a tunnel which emerged into Galley's Gill. The number of drops increased as did the complexity of the rail tracks supplying them. The Lambton drops closed in the 1960s and the railway dismantled in 1967. Elements of the facilities remained in situ until 1972 when the Riverside Park was created. A watercolour painting survives of the staiths in the 1930s.
Site Name
Lambton Staiths
Site Type: Specific
Staith
HER Number
2832
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2832 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
T. Powell, 2000, Staith to Conveyor, An Illustrated History of Coal Shipping Equipment, p 48
I. Ayris, 1996, Trimdon Street/Farringdon Row, Sunderland, An Appraisal of the Historical Development and Arch...
Northern Archaeological Associates, 2004, Farringdon Row, Sunderland, Archaeological Desk Based Assessment
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2808,2832
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
439130
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557530
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Coal Depot, located between the Hetton and Lambton Drops. It is not clear from the the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan how it related to these sites.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
A Coal Depot, located between the Hetton and Lambton Drops. It is not clear from the 1st edition OS how it related to these sites.
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, Coal Depot
Site Type: Specific
Coal Depot
HER Number
2831
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2831 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2833
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
439120
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557430
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Coal Depot at this location, probably related to the Lambton Wagonway and Lambton Drops (HER refs. 2832 and 2833).
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Coal Depot, probably related to the Lambton Wagonway and Lambton Drops, (SMR 2832 and 2833 respectively).
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, Coal Depot
Site Type: Specific
Coal Depot
HER Number
2830
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2830 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
16191
DAY1
22
DAY2
15
District
Sunderland
Easting
439150
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556930
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Shown on Meik and Morgan's plan of Sunderland 1851. Not labelled as gas works by 1897 Second Edition plan.
SITEASS
Gasholders or gasometers are large vertical cylindrical storage vessels for holding town gas at constant pressure prior to distribution to consumers. The oldest design of gasholder, made from wrought-iron plates dates from an 1824 patent. It telescoped vertically by means of grooved wheels on vertical guide rails. Later design by W. Gadd in 1890. Small gasholders were used in factories and mills which had their own gas manufacturing plant for providing lighting. By the 1870s a typical gas manufacturing works comprised of: a retort house containing rows of retorts where the gas was made, a hydraulic main to provide a water seal to prevent explosive gas blowbacks when a retort was opened, a condensor to cool the gas and allow liquid tar to drain out, an exhauster to draw out the gas from the retorts, a scrubber in which water removed ammonia from the gas, purifiers to remove contaminants, a meter to measure the volume of gas, one or more gasholders, a governor to control the pressure at which gas was distributed to customers, covered storage for coal and coke, a boiler and steam engine to drive the exhauster and a water pump for the scrubber (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, EG Stewart, 1958, History of the gas, light and coke co. 1812-1949, T. Williams, 1981, History of the British Gas Industry).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Meik and Morgan's plan of Sunderland 1851. Not labelled as gas works by 1897 Second Edition plan. Included gasometer (no longer present by 1897).
Site Name
Bishopwearmouth, Gas Works
Site Type: Specific
Gas Works
HER Number
2829
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2829 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Site adjacent to the former Hind Street Gas Works, Sunderland - Archaeological Assessment; Meik & Morgan, 1851, Plan of Sunderland (SL)
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015