Two houses, now stores and stable. Late eighteenth century. Roughly coursed rubble sandstone with quoins to upper two-thirds. Welsh slate roofs with brick chimneys. House is of two storeys. Paired boarded central doors with blocked rectangular overlight with stone lintel. Late nineteenth century sash windows with projecting stone sills and wide stone lintels. Wrought iron gutter brackets with one section of wooden gutter. Stables at right are of one storey. Boarded door at right under wooden lintel. Two ventilation slits. One brick chimney. Gable to street contains high square window. Right return has boarded door and overlight and a window with wide glazing bars in the wooden section inserted in cart entrance. Truncated brick chimney. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Two houses, now stores and stable. Late eighteenth century. Roughly coursed rubble sandstone with quoins to upper two-thirds. Welsh slate roofs with brick chimneys. House is of two storeys. Paired boarded central doors with blocked rectangular overlight with stone lintel. Late nineteenth century sash windows with projecting stone sills and wide stone lintels. Wrought iron gutter brackets with one section of wooden gutter. Stables at right are of one storey. Boarded door at right under wooden lintel. Two ventilation slits. One brick chimney. Gable to street contains high square window. Right return has boarded door and overlight and a window with wide glazing bars in the wooden section inserted in cart entrance. Truncated brick chimney.
Site Name
The Old Cottage and Stables, Front Street
Site Type: Specific
House
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7246
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 4/24
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
746
DAY1
27
District
N Tyneside
Easting
430010
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572260
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Backworth
Description
Six estate houses, now four dwellings. Circa 1840 for Duke of Northumberland. Restored 1980 by J. & D. Darbishire for Tyne and Wear Building Preservation Trust. Coursed squared sandstone with ashlar dressings. Some rubble in ground floor between each pair of houses. Welsh slate roof with stone gable copings. One storey and attic. Boarded doors. Stone-mullioned casement windows and sash window in gabled dormer over vehicle entrance. Three chimney stacks. Wall in front is of rubble sandstone has roughly dressed round stone coping. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Estate Building
SITEDESC
Six estate houses, now four dwellings. Circa 1840 for Duke of Northumberland. Restored 1980 by J. & D. Darbishire for Tyne and Wear Building Preservation Trust. Coursed squared sandstone with ashlar dressings. Some rubble in ground floor between each pair of houses. Welsh slate roof with stone gable copings. One storey and attic. Boarded doors. Stone-mullioned casement windows and sash window in gabled dormer over vehicle entrance. Three chimney stacks. Wall in front is of rubble sandstone has roughly dressed round stone coping {1}. Attractive row of estate workers' cottages in a subdued C17 style built as six houses c. 1840 for the Duke of Northumberland. Restored 1981-2 by J. & D. Darbyshire for Buttress, the Tyne and Wear Building Preservation Trust {2}.
Site Name
Duke's Cottages, Front Street,
Site Type: Specific
Estate Cottage
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7245
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 3/23 and 4/23
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
27
DAY2
26
District
N Tyneside
Easting
430321
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
6
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571813
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Backworth
Description
House. Early nineteenth century. Sandstone rubble with tolled quoins. Welsh slate roof. Yellow brick chimneys with yellow pots. One low storey. Joined boarded door in lattice wooden porch with canopy. Roughly-tooled flat stone lintels to door and to sash windows. Stone sills. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Dairy Cottage was listed Grade II in 1986 with the following description:
'House. Early C19. Sandstone rubble with tooled quoins; Welsh slate roof. Yellow brick chimneys with dog-tooth cornices and yellow pots. One low storey; 4 bays. Joined boarded door in bay 3 in lattice wooden porch with segmental canopy. Roughly-tooled flat stone lintels to door and to sashes with late C19 glazing bars and projecting stone sills. Low-pitched hipped roof has 2 ridge chimneys.'
Site Name
Dairy Cottage
Site Type: Specific
House
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7244
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 4/20; Karsgaard, P. 2018. Holywell Engineering Site, Backworth, North Tyneside, Addyman Archaeology, HER4843; https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1300194
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2024
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418410
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557860
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Byermoor
Description
A linear cropmark appears on aerial views running almost parallel with roadway (HER 7242) towards Fellside Road. It is considered of potential significance because it appears to run from a circular cropmark interpreted as a likely shaft.
SITEASS
Byermoor is known to have been exploited for its coal reserves from at least the early eighteenth century when a wagonway (HER 5952 and 5953) was built across it and contemporary maps show coal mines there. Abandonment of mining seems to have occurred in the 1730s when the wagonway closed. A diverse range of archaeological remains associated with early eighteenth century mining are visible at Byermoor, mostly as earthworks, some as cropmarks. Such remains are now rare in the county of Tyne and Wear. In view of their rarity, diversity and good state of preservation the remains on Byermoor must be regarded as of high regional significance. The importance of the remains of early coal mining and transport on Byermoor is enhanced by the presence of underlying ridge and furrow cultivation features, thereby reflecting the move from farming to mining at a time when more investment was made in mining at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Site Type: Broad
Feature
SITEDESC
A linear cropmark appears on aerial views running almost parallel with roadway (HER 7242) towards Fellside Road. It is considered of potential significance because it appears to run from a circular cropmark interpreted as a likely shaft.
Site Name
Byermoor, linear cropmark
Site Type: Specific
Linear Feature
HER Number
7243
Form of Evidence
Cropmark
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418320
EASTING2
1847
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MATERIAL
Cobble
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
557930
NORTHING2
5790
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Byermoor
Description
A roadway surfaced with large stone cobbles leading towards a former pond from the farm complex. The roadway may have originated as part of the mid twentieth century restoration of the previous opencast site.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
A roadway surfaced with large stone cobbles leading towards a former pond from the farm complex. The roadway may have originated as part of the mid twentieth century restoration of the previous opencast site.
Site Name
Byermoor Farm, cobbled roadway
Site Type: Specific
Road
HER Number
7242
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418440
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557650
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Post Medieval 1540 to 1901
Place
Byermoor
Description
The line of a possible wagonway can be seen as a cropmark on aerial views running to Fellside Road SW-NE. It crosses the line of the Western Way II wagonway (HER 5953).
SITEASS
Byermoor is known to have been exploited for its coal reserves from at least the early eighteenth century when a wagonway (HER 5952 and 5953) was built across it and contemporary maps show coal mines there. Abandonment of mining seems to have occurred in the 1730s when the wagonway closed. A diverse range of archaeological remains associated with early eighteenth century mining are visible at Byermoor, mostly as earthworks, some as cropmarks. Such remains are now rare in the county of Tyne and Wear. In view of their rarity, diversity and good state of preservation the remains on Byermoor must be regarded as of high regional significance. The importance of the remains of early coal mining and transport on Byermoor is enhanced by the presence of underlying ridge and furrow cultivation features, thereby reflecting the move from farming to mining at a time when more investment was made in mining at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The line of a possible wagonway can be seen as a cropmark on aerial views running to Fellside Road SW-NE. It crosses the line of the Western Way II wagonway (HER 5953).
Site Name
Byermoor, linear feature
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
7241
Form of Evidence
Cropmark
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418040
EASTING2
1831
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
557470
NORTHING2
5791
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Byermoor
Description
A trackway cuts through other earthworks in the narrow gap between channel (HER 7236) and circular earthwork (HER 3660). This seems to be indicated by Bennett et. Al (1990, Map A) as a branch of one or both of the Western Way wagonways.
SITEASS
Byermoor is known to have been exploited for its coal reserves from at least the early eighteenth century when a wagonway (HER 5952 and 5953) was built across it and contemporary maps show coal mines there. Abandonment of mining seems to have occurred in the 1730s when the wagonway closed. A diverse range of archaeological remains associated with early eighteenth century mining are visible at Byermoor, mostly as earthworks, some as cropmarks. Such remains are now rare in the county of Tyne and Wear. In view of their rarity, diversity and good state of preservation the remains on Byermoor must be regarded as of high regional significance. The importance of the remains of early coal mining and transport on Byermoor is enhanced by the presence of underlying ridge and furrow cultivation features, thereby reflecting the move from farming to mining at a time when more investment was made in mining at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
A trackway cuts through other earthworks in the narrow gap between channel (HER 7236) and circular earthwork (HER 3660). This seems to be indicated by Bennett et. Al (1990, Map A) as a branch of one or both of the Western Way wagonways.
Site Name
Byermoor, trackway
Site Type: Specific
Trackway
HER Number
7240
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418290
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557740
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Byermoor
Description
An enigmatic arc-shaped feature is apparent as a low earthwork, enclosing an area of flat, featureless land which may have been a working floor for some industrial or subsequent agricultural activity.
SITEASS
Byermoor is known to have been exploited for its coal reserves from at least the early eighteenth century when a wagonway (HER 5952 and 5953) was built across it and contemporary maps show coal mines there. Abandonment of mining seems to have occurred in the 1730s when the wagonway closed. A diverse range of archaeological remains associated with early eighteenth century mining are visible at Byermoor, mostly as earthworks, some as cropmarks. Such remains are now rare in the county of Tyne and Wear. In view of their rarity, diversity and good state of preservation the remains on Byermoor must be regarded as of high regional significance. The importance of the remains of early coal mining and transport on Byermoor is enhanced by the presence of underlying ridge and furrow cultivation features, thereby reflecting the move from farming to mining at a time when more investment was made in mining at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Site Type: Broad
Earthwork
SITEDESC
An enigmatic arc-shaped feature is apparent as a low earthwork, enclosing an area of flat, featureless land which may have been a working floor for some industrial or subsequent agricultural activity.
Site Name
Byermoor, arc-shaped feature
Site Type: Specific
Earthwork
HER Number
7239
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418210
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557690
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Byermoor
Description
A trackway runs from earthworks (HER 3660) northwards to the suspected mine shaft, then turns sharply eastwards. It takes the form of two deeply incised ditches running parallel with a central bank. Running eastwards, it becomes a wider lower bank with shallower, at times barely perceptible, ditches.
SITEASS
Byermoor is known to have been exploited for its coal reserves from at least the early eighteenth century when a wagonway (HER 5952 and 5953) was built across it and contemporary maps show coal mines there. Abandonment of mining seems to have occurred in the 1730s when the wagonway closed. A diverse range of archaeological remains associated with early eighteenth century mining are visible at Byermoor, mostly as earthworks, some as cropmarks. Such remains are now rare in the county of Tyne and Wear. In view of their rarity, diversity and good state of preservation the remains on Byermoor must be regarded as of high regional significance. The importance of the remains of early coal mining and transport on Byermoor is enhanced by the presence of underlying ridge and furrow cultivation features, thereby reflecting the move from farming to mining at a time when more investment was made in mining at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
A trackway runs from earthworks (HER 3660) northwards to the suspected mine shaft, then turns sharply eastwards. It takes the form of two deeply incised ditches running parallel with a central bank. Running eastwards, it becomes a wider lower bank with shallower, at times barely perceptible, ditches.
Site Name
Byermoor, embanked trackway
Site Type: Specific
Trackway
HER Number
7238
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418070
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557620
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Byermoor
Description
Drystone walls act as field boundaries here. Some appear more substantial than normal and one section is faced, suggesting that it may once have formed part of a building. Elsewhere, the walls have been reduced to little more than stony banks. The wall acts as a substantial revetment, holding back a considerable depth of topsoil in the adjacent field. This topsoil may cover surviving masonry remains associated with a settlement or farm visible on a map of 1805. The settlement is not shown on any other map or plan.
SITEASS
The presence of buildings close to mining remains suggests that small-scale mining may have continued beyond the 1730s which is when the Western Way closed (HER 5952).
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Drystone walls act as field boundaries here. Some appear more substantial than normal and one section is faced, suggesting that it may once have formed part of a building. Elsewhere, the walls have been reduced to little more than stony banks. The wall acts as a substantial revetment, holding back a considerable depth of topsoil in the adjacent field. This topsoil may cover surviving masonry remains associated with a settlement or farm visible on a map of 1805. The settlement is not shown on any other map or plan.
Site Name
Byermoor, farm buildings
Site Type: Specific
Farm
HER Number
7237
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment; Estate Plan, c.1805, "Lands Held by Sir Thomas John Clavering Baronet" (Tyne and Wear Archives DT/BEL2/6)