A steep valley or channel running roughly west to east from West Wood towards Fellside Road. The feature is 167m long, 30-40m wide and 10m deep. It is largely featureless and appears natural in origin, but its floor appears to be flattened into platforms at various points and the bottom section has a flattened floor and an associated bank running parallel with its southern lip. The upper part of the feature has been infilled, latterly by farm waste. The channel is on the same line as a trackway shown on Ordnance Survey first edition, and which still exists, through West Wood.
SITEASS
Byermoor is known to have been exploited for its coal reserves from at least the early eighteenth century when a wagonway (HER 5952 and 5953) was built across it and contemporary maps show coal mines there. Abandonment of mining seems to have occurred in the 1730s when the wagonway closed. A diverse range of archaeological remains associated with early eighteenth century mining are visible at Byermoor, mostly as earthworks, some as cropmarks. Such remains are now rare in the county of Tyne and Wear. In view of their rarity, diversity and good state of preservation the remains on Byermoor must be regarded as of high regional significance. The importance of the remains of early coal mining and transport on Byermoor is enhanced by the presence of underlying ridge and furrow cultivation features, thereby reflecting the move from farming to mining at a time when more investment was made in mining at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Site Type: Broad
Earthwork
SITEDESC
A steep valley or channel running roughly west to east from West Wood towards Fellside Road. The feature is 167m long, 30-40m wide and 10m deep. It is largely featureless and appears natural in origin, but its floor appears to be flattened into platforms at various points and the bottom section has a flattened floor and an associated bank running parallel with its southern lip. The upper part of the feature has been infilled, latterly by farm waste. The channel is on the same line as a trackway shown on Ordnance Survey first edition, and which still exists, through West Wood.
Site Name
Byermoor, channel
Site Type: Specific
Earthwork
HER Number
7236
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418120
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557780
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Byermoor
Description
Ridge and furrow cultivation features occupy a wide area stretching from the line of the Western Way II Wagonway (HER 5953) westwards and southwards.
SITEASS
Byermoor is mentioned in the twelfth century Boldon Book, but no information is provided about the nature of contemporary land-use there. The presence of ridge and furrow beneath mining remains suggests, however, that arable farming was practised between the medieval period and the late seventeenth century.
Site Type: Broad
Cultivation Marks
SITEDESC
Ridge and furrow cultivation features occupy a wide area stretching from the line of the Western Way II Wagonway (HER 5953) westwards and southwards.
Site Name
Byermoor, ridge and furrow
Site Type: Specific
Ridge and Furrow
HER Number
7235
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2004, Byermoor Farm, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Good
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
440670
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MATERIAL
Granite
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559310
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Roker
Description
Memorial cross, 1904. Signed “GW Millburn York Sculpt” and “CC Hodges, Hexham inv. et direx”. Granite. Saxon style. Tall tapered shaft. Dedication to Bede and Eadfrith, and extracts from Bede’s writing on west. Interlace pattern and low-relief carved scenes from Bede’s life on east. Vine pattern and northern saints, with runic inscription on north. Vine and inscription on south. Hodges was the excavator of Hexham Abbey. A later inscription records that the cross was removed in 1914 and restored to this site in 1921. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Cross
SITEDESC
Memorial cross, 1904. Signed “GW Millburn York Sculpt” and “CC Hodges, Hexham inv. et direx”. Granite. Saxon style. Tall tapered shaft. Dedication to Bede and Eadfrith, and extracts from Bede’s writing on west. Interlace pattern and low-relief carved scenes from Bede’s life on east. Vine pattern and northern saints, with runic inscription on north. Vine and inscription on south. Hodges was the excavator of Hexham Abbey. A later inscription records that the cross was removed in 1914 and restored to this site in 1921.
Site Name
Roker, Whitburn Road, Bede Memorial Cross
Site Type: Specific
Cross
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7234
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/5/246; Ian Ayris, Peter Jubb, Steve Palmer and Paul Usherwood, 1996, A Guide to the Public Monuments and Sculpture of Tyne and Wear, p 44; Paul Usherwood, Jeremy Beach and Catherine Morris, 2000, Public Sculpture of North East England, p 188-91; Sunderland City Council, 2007, Roker Park Conservation Area Character Appriasal and Management Strategy
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
440730
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ46SW
MATERIAL
Render
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561100
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
The Bents
Description
Farmhouse, now house. Late C18. Rendered with painted ashlar dressings and quoins. Roof of concrete tiles with brick gable coping and chimneys. 2 storeys and attic. 6-panelled door and plain overlight in surround of pilasters and entablature with overdoor electric light attached. Renewed glazing to basement windows. Wide ground-floor windows. First floor windows same dimensions as sashes in stone surround. Roof has renewed brick gable coping. Extensions to north and south both rebuilt and not of interest. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Agricultural Building
SITEDESC
Farmhouse, now house. Late C18. Rendered with painted ashlar dressings and quoins. Roof of concrete tiles with brick gable coping and chimneys. 2 storeys and attic. 6-panelled door and plain overlight in surround of pilasters and entablature with overdoor electric light attached. Renewed glazing to basement windows. Wide ground-floor windows. First floor windows same dimensions as sashes in stone surround. Roof has renewed brick gable coping. Extensions to north and south both rebuilt and not of interest.
Site Name
Bents Farmhouse, Whitburn Bents Road
Site Type: Specific
Farmhouse
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7233
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/2/243; English Heritage, 2013, The National List for England, List Entry 1207150
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Education
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
438700
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557560
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Deptford
Description
Secondary school, now workshops. 1883. Possibly by GA Middlemiss. Brick with ashlar dressings. Welsh slate roof with terracotta ridge cresting and stone gable coping. Long range with left tower on rising ground. Some Gothic detail. 2 storeys. Left end a canted return to Simpson Street in a polygonal tower. Step up to plain door and overlight recessed under flat stone lintel at right of tower. Plain double doors with blind panel above. Stone lintels and sills to sash windows. Tower has octagonal hipped roof, spirelet on open belfry. Chimney at right front. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
School
SITEDESC
Secondary school, now workshops. 1883. Possibly by GA Middlemiss. Brick with ashlar dressings. Welsh slate roof with terracotta ridge cresting and stone gable coping. Long range with left tower on rising ground. Some Gothic detail. 2 storeys. Left end a canted return to Simpson Street in a polygonal tower. Step up to plain door and overlight recessed under flat stone lintel at right of tower. Plain double doors with blind panel above. Stone lintels and sills to sash windows. Tower has octagonal hipped roof, spirelet on open belfry. Chimney at right front.
Site Name
Wellington Lane, Former Simpson Street School
Site Type: Specific
Secondary School
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7232
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/10/234;
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
7230, 242
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
437470
EASTING2
3750
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Rubble
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
552940
NORTHING2
5284
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Silksworth
Description
Garden wall to east of Silksworth Cottage. C1800. Rubble with flat stone coping. High wall along front of property has brick segmental arch over boarded door in front of house. Square rubble piers at south end. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Barrier
SITEDESC
Garden wall to east of Silksworth Cottage. C1800. Rubble with flat stone coping. High wall along front of property has brick segmental arch over boarded door in front of house. Square rubble piers at south end {1}. Warden Law Lane, which is medieval in origin, is characterised by gentle curves and these high boundary walls. Tall mature tree cover also contributes to its character. The walls have been altered in places but overall they are an excellent feature. Discreet openings in the wall lead into the private houses and gardens on the lane, or through the quaint wooden gate into Silksworth Cottage.
Site Name
Silksworth, Warden Law Lane, Silksworth Cottage, garden wall
Site Type: Specific
Wall
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7231
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/6/277
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
242, 7231
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
437460
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Rubble
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
552880
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Silksworth
Description
House. Probably late C18. Rubble stone with large quoins and ashlar dressings. Welsh slate roof. 2 storeys. Half-glazed door under stone pedimented hood on brackets. Plain stone surrounds to renewed ground floor windows and to first floor sashes. Corniced brick chimneys. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Agricultural Building
SITEDESC
House. Probably late C18. Rubble stone with large quoins and ashlar dressings. Welsh slate roof. 2 storeys. Half-glazed door under stone pedimented hood on brackets. Plain stone surrounds to renewed ground floor windows and to first floor sashes. Corniced brick chimneys. The Tithe Award of 1842 suggests that this was a farmhouse. There were farm buildings adjoining it to the north in 1850.
Site Name
Warden Law Lane, Silksworth Cottage
Site Type: Specific
Farmhouse
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7230
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/6/276
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
242, 7227
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
437540
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Cast Iron
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
552790
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Silksworth
Description
Lamp standard, dwarf piers and chains to
Forecourt of Doxford House forebuilding. C1900. Stone piers, cast-iron lamp standard and wrought-iron chains enclose a semicircular plot opposite the forebuilding. Bulbous rusticated base supports elaborately moulded lamp standard with large lantern, pyramidal top and spike finial. Tapered square piers with prominent cornices have iron ball finials through which chained with large spikes are slotted. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Street Furniture
SITEDESC
Lamp standard, dwarf piers and chains to
Forecourt of Doxford House forebuilding. C1900. Stone piers, cast-iron lamp standard and wrought-iron chains enclose a semi-circular plot opposite the forebuilding. Bulbous rusticated base supports elaborately moulded lamp standard with large lantern, pyramidal top and spike finial. Tapered square piers with prominent cornices have iron ball finials through which chained with large spikes are slotted.
Site Name
Silksworth, Warden Law Lane, lamp standard, dwarf piers
Site Type: Specific
Lamp Post
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7229
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/6/274
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
242, 7227
DAY1
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
437510
EASTING2
3757
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Rubble
MONTH1
6
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
552840
NORTHING2
5275
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Silksworth
Description
Serpentine walls from forebuilding to Doxford House continue along Warden Law Lane on east side of garden and grounds of house, to lodge at the south, and to gate piers to the rear entrance at the north. C19 altered c1900. Rubble walls with ashlar coping. Square ashlar piers with low pyramidal coping with wrought-iron lamp holders on brackets. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Barrier
SITEDESC
Serpentine walls from forebuilding to Doxford House continue along Warden Law Lane on east side of garden and grounds of house, to lodge at the south, and to gate piers to the rear entrance at the north. C19 altered c1900. Rubble walls with ashlar coping. Square ashlar piers with low pyramidal coping with wrought-iron lamp holders on brackets.
Site Name
Silksworth, Warden Law Lane, garden walls and piers
Site Type: Specific
Wall
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
7228
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/6/275
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
CONDITION
Poor
Crossref
242
DAY1
09
DAY2
29
District
Sunderland
Easting
437520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Ashlar
MONTH1
6
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
552790
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Silksworth
Description
Formerly known as Silksworth House. Large house, now student’s hall of residence, with conservatory and forebuilding attached. Probably c1820 with c1900 alterations. Ashlar front and forebuilding, rear brick with ashlar dressings, conservatory cast-iron and glass. 3 storeys. Front has c1900 mullioned and transomed ground floor windows and door surround to double doors in conservatory. Upper windows are sashes with fine glazing bars in plain stone surrounds. Left return has renewed French windows on ground floor.
Forebuilding – Italian renaissance style with heavily rusticated pilasters to high central round-headed double door with studded panels. Similar round-arched openings in flanking bays have wrought-iron grilles. Half columns of Tuscan detail support entablature on large scroll brackets. Door keystone rises to richly-carved tympanum with rich mantling resembling heraldic device of Collingwood family.
Interior – open-well stair with turned balusters. Hall has high quality chimney-piece and overmantel with low relief Greek detail. Common room has mahogany chimney-piece and ceramic overmantel. Some panelling. Conservatory has stone imperial stair to forebuilding, with stone balustrade and cherub lampholder on newel. Elaborate cast-iron brackets to roof. House wall within conservatory has reinforced artificial stone grotto attached, with cavities and cusped bowls, stalagmites and stalactites of the same material. LISTED GRADE 2*
SITEASS
Heritage At Risk register 2008 - priority C (slow decay, no solution agreed), condition poor. The property is vacant and is a target for vandalism. The roof over the main house is in a poor state and the resulting leaks are causing internal damage. Listed on English Heritage's Heritage At Risk Register 2009. Condition: poor. Priority: D (slow decay, solution agreed but not yet implemented). Heritage At Risk 2011: The property is vacant and is highly vulnerable to theft and arson attacks; a recent fire has caused extensive damage to the conservatory.A re-use scheme has been agreed but has stalled.
Condition: Very bad
Priority: A Immediate risk of further rapid deterioration or loss of fabric; no solution agreed. Heritage At Risk 2013: condition: very bad Occupancy: vacant/not in use Priority: A immediate risk of further rapid deterioration or loss of fabric, no solution agreed. The property is vacant and highly vulnerable to theft and arson attacks. A recent fire has caused extensive damage. The roof is leaking. English Heritage has funded an options study and discussions are underway about a potential conversion scheme. Heritage At Risk 2014: Priority B - Immediate risk of further rapid deterioration or loss of fabric; solution agreed but not yet implemented. Heritage At Risk 2015: Work has started to implement the approved planning consent scheme which will see the building returned to a single residence. Condition Very Bad, Priority F - Repair scheme in progress and end use or user identified; or functionally redundant buildings with new use agreed but not yet implemented.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Originally known as Silksworth House, the house was constructed in the latter 18th century by William Johnson. On his death in 1792, the property passed to his friend, Hendry Hopper, a Durham lawyer. He in turn passed the house to his nephew, Thomas Hopper, who in turn passed the property to his daughter Priscilla along with a considerable portfolio.
In 1831, she had married William Beckwith, a Major of the 14th Kings Dragoons. Following the his role in suppressing the reform riots of Bristol that same year, where up to 250 people were killed or seriously injured, Beckwith was retired on half pay with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. With time and his wife's estate on his hands, Beckwith made extensive renovations to Silksworth House, adding the grand forebuilding and extensive landscaping of the grounds. In particular, the lake to the west and the walled garden were added under Beckwith's rebuilding, and the couple acquired a number of French works of art to decorate the property. On Beckwith's death in 1871, the house was inherited by a nephew whose family resided there until 1890. The estate was leased from this period and tenanted by the potter Christopher Maling until 1902.
Charles Doxford acquired a 99 year lease on the house in 1902 and began extensive landscaping and redevelopment of his own. Many of these schemes did not outlive him and the house passed to his children in 1939 when he died. His daughter Aline Doxford was the house's primary resident but only occupied a small portion of the property until her death in 1968. She bequeathed Silksworth House to Sunderland Corporation and they renamed the property to Doxford House in honour of the shipbuilding firm and its contribution to the city. The gardens were redeveloped into the municipal Doxford Park and the main house and its immediate grounds became a halls of residence for Sunderland Polytechnic. In 2001, the University passed the house and gardens to the Lazarus Centre, a rehabilitation charity, but they could not maintain the property and the building has been empty since 2006.
Forebuilding – Italian renaissance style with heavily rusticated pilasters to high central round-headed double door with studded panels. Similar round-arched openings in flanking bays have wrought-iron grilles. Half columns of Tuscan detail support entablature on large scroll brackets. Door keystone rises to richly-carved tympanum with rich mantling resembling heraldic device of Collingwood family.
Interior – open-well stair with turned balusters. Hall has high quality chimney-piece and overmantel with low relief Greek detail. Common room has mahogany chimney-piece and ceramic overmantel. Some panelling. Conservatory has stone imperial stair to forebuilding, with stone balustrade and cherub lampholder on newel. Elaborate cast-iron brackets to roof. House wall within conservatory has reinforced artificial stone grotto attached, with cavities and cusped bowls, stalagmites and stalactites of the same material.
Site Name
Doxford House (Silksworth House), Warden Law Lane
Site Type: Specific
Country House
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II*
HER Number
7227
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/6/273; Sunderland City Council, November 2009, Silksworth Hall Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Strategy, Consultation Draft; List Entry Number 1279879