English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
424190
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569590
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Gosforth
Description
This Smithy appears on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Smithy. Not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1858.
Site Name
North Gosforth, Smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
4245
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4245 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
07
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
423400
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572720
NORTHING2
0
parish
Dinnington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Dinnington
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Dinnington, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4244
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4244 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1087
DAY1
07
DAY2
23
District
Newcastle
Easting
423020
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572580
NORTHING2
0
parish
Dinnington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Brunswick
Description
Dinnington Colliery was opened by John Bowes & Partners Ltd in 1867. Sold to the Seaton Burn Coal Company in 1899 and closed on 26th February 1960. The British Geological Survey marks the sites of West, Hester and Augusta shafts. The colliery was linked by a spur line (HER ref. 1087) to the former Brunton and Shields/Fawdon wagonway (HER ref. 1078). A Brickworks was in use within the colliery, near the Augusta mine, from 1908. In 1922 the brickyard had a 26 chamber Belgian kiln, each chamber holding 6,500 bricks. Hartley Main Collieries took over the brickworks in 1939, and in 1950, in order to increase production, the Belgian kiln was converted to a top fired Hoffman type kiln and the chamber capacity increased to 8,500 bricks. The brickworks closed shortly after Dinnington Colliery in 1960. The colliery village was designed to the standards of a model village, but by 1873 only some houses had ashpits and privies. A number of terraces of the original village survive.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Dinnington Colliery - opened by John Bowes & Partners Ltd in 1867. The colliery village was designed to the standards of a model village, but by 1873 only some houses had ashpits and privies. Sold to the Seaton Burn Coal Company in 1899. Linked by spur line, (HER 1087), to former Brunton and Shields/Fawdon wagonway, (HER 1078). Brickworks in use within colliery from 1908. Brickworks closed soon after colliery closed. The British Geological Survey marks sites of West, Hester and Augusta Shafts. Seaton Burn Coal Company was making bricks near the Augusta mine in 1908. In 1922 the brickyard had a 26 chamber Belgian kiln, each chamber holding 6,500 bricks. Hartley Main Collieries took over the colliery and brickworks in 1938-9. National Coal Board took over in 1947. In 1950, in order to increase production, the Belgian kiln was converted to a top fired Hoffman type kiln and the chamber capacity increased to 8,500 bricks. The mine closed in February 1960 but a number of terraces of the original village survive.
Site Name
Dinnington Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4243
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4243 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 74; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; Colliery Engineering, August 1931 (article); James T. Tuck, 1993, Collieries of Northumberland
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
421700
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570180
NORTHING2
0
parish
Woolsington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Brunton
Description
A Hydraulic Ram appears at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it dates from after 1858.
SITEASS
Self-acting device in which a large quantity of low pressure water is made to pump a small proportion of itself to a greater height than its source. The pump consisted of a cast-iron vessel containing two horizontal disk valves, an impulse or spill valve and a small delivery valve. Hydraulic rams pumped a small quantity of water either a considerable distance away or to a height above the supply without any external power source. They were used to supply water to farms, villages and country houses remote from rivers and streams. Have been known to operate constantly unattended for periods over a century (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
A Hydraulic Ram. Not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1858.
Site Name
West Brunton, Hydraulic Ram
Site Type: Specific
Hydraulic Ram
HER Number
4242
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4242 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1078
DAY1
07
DAY2
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
422130
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570640
NORTHING2
0
parish
Woolsington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Brunton
Description
This branch line, alternatively known as Fawdon Railway, was built in the 1890s to make use of two existing historic lines. To link the older sections of the Brunton and Shields Railway and the old Coxlodge Railway a new stretch of line was constructed from a point east of Jubilee Pit of Coxlodge Colliery to a point just south of West Brunton. The Fawdon Railway began at Gosforth, making a junction with the Blyth and Tyne, ran along the route of the old Coxlodge Wagonway until it reached the start of the new section from where it linked into the old Brunton and Shields to join the seaton Burn Wagonway near Dinnington Colliery, which it followed to staiths at Wallsend. It was constructed by Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company following the closure of the old Coxlodge route in 1885. An evaluation in 2009 on the line of the waggonway at NZ 2254 7026 revealed that the waggonway had been truncated by a farm access track. Only the lower part of a northern trackside ditch and a possible foundation layer remained in-siu at a deoth of 1.9m bgl.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
A branch from the Fawdon Wagonway to near to Brunton Low Plantation forming the Fawdon Railway. Built in the 1890s utilising two existing historic lines. To link the older sections of the Brunton and Shields Railway and the old Coxlodge Railway a new stretch of line was constructed from a point east of Jubilee Pit of Coxlodge Colliery to a point just south of West Brunton. The Fawdon Railway began at Gosforth, making a junction with the Blyth and Tyne, ran along the route of the old Coxlodge Wagonway until it reached the start of the new section from where it linked into the old Brunton and Shields to join the Seaton Burn Wagonway near Dinnington Colliery which it followed to staiths at Wallsend. It was constructed by Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company following the closure of the old Coxlodge route in 1885 {1}. An evaluation in 2009 on the line of the waggonway at NZ 2254 7026 revealed that the waggonway had been truncated by a farm access track. Only the lower part of a northern trackside ditch and a possible foundation layer remained in-situ at a depth of 1.9m bgl.
Site Name
East Brunton, Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
4241
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4241 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW
I. Ayris, 1988, Fawdon Railway; Tyne and Wear Museums, 2009, Fawdon Waggonway, Newcastle Great Park - Archaeological Evaluation
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1078
DAY1
07
DAY2
31
District
Newcastle
Easting
422780
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571830
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hazlerigg
Description
Hazlerigg Colliery. This was opened 1892 by the Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company. It transferred in 1929 to the Hazlerigg and Burradon Coal Company Ltd, then to the National Coal Board in 1947. Closed 25th November 1964. There was a pumping shaft at NZ 227 717.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Hazlerigg Colliery. This was opened 1892 by the Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company. It transferred in 1929 to the Hazlerigg and Burradon Coal Company Ltd, then to the National Coal Board in 1947. Closed 25th November 1964. There was a pumping shaft at NZ 227 717.
Site Name
Hazlerigg Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4240
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4240 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; James T. Tuck, 1997, Collieries of Northumberland
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
07
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
421060
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571510
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Brunton
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was out of use by 1895. It is marked by the British Geological Survey as " Three Pool ". This area has been mined for hundreds of years. 'North Pit Field' and 'South Pit Field' on the early 19th century Woolsington Estate plan (NRO 1219) presumably indicate the location of a coal pit or pits.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. Marked by the British Geological Survey as " Three Pool ". This area has been mined for hundreds of years. 'North Pit Field' and 'South Pit Field' on the early 19th century Woolsington Estate plan (NRO 1219) presumably indicate the location of a coal pit.
Site Name
West Brunton, Mine Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4239
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4239 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW
The Archaeological Practice, 1997, Newcastle International Airport, Cultural Heritage Assessment
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
07
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
421130
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571830
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Brunton
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was out of use by 1895. It is shown by the British Geological Survey as a shaft in Beeftub Plantation, along with a second shaft immediately south within the Plantation called "Water Gin".
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. It is shown by the British Geological Survey as a shaft in Beeftub Plantation, along with a second shaft immediately south within the Plantation called " Water Gin. "
Site Name
West Brunton, Mine Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4238
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4238 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW; The Archaeological Practice, 2021, Solar Farm Development, Newcastle International Airport, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological evaluation.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
416350
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567790
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Throckley
Description
This Quarry appears on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, where it is marked as ‘Old’, but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it dates from the period between 1858 and 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, but is not shown on the 1st edition, so was working between 1858 and 1895. It is nt shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so dates from after 1858.
Site Name
Throckley, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4237
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4237 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 87, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1241
DAY1
07
DAY2
24
District
Newcastle
Easting
415260
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566920
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Throckley
Description
An aqueduct was built from Whelton reservoir in Whittle Dean to Throckley Filter Beds in 1869. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company. This involved extensive terracing and excavation of the area of the treatment plant, during the course of which the 'Walbottle Hoard' (SMR 1421) was found. The water treatment works were reconstructed in 1956. The filter beds have suffered from a degree of subsidence over the years. The valve houses (HER 1964 and 1965) are listed buildings {1}. Northumbrian Water has decommissioned the water works at Throckley and the site will be redeveloped in due course. Tyne and Wear Museums were appointed to record this industrial site. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company, and linked to Whelton Reservoir in Whittle Dean by an aqueduct. The works were reconstructed in 1956. The two valve houses on either side of Hexham Road are listed grade 2. The northern valve house of 1870 stands within the waterworks site and is built of snecked sandstone with pecked quoins and dressings. It has a Welsh slate roof with overhanging eaves and a lead ball and spike finial. A sandstone block wall with semi-circular ashlar coping encloses the site and there are three sandstone gatepiers with chamfered edges next to Throckley Lodge. The naturally sloping site is retained by huge sandstone block revetment walls with red brick buttresses which allowed the site to be levelled some 3m above the height of Hexham Road. Arches in the base of the buttresses allow water to flow through a channel behind the wall. Above the sandstone wall is a five course red brick wall with ashlar coping stones. Inside the site are two tanks for aluminium sulphate, an administration building built in 1955, an electricity substation, two concrete filtration tanks, a settling tank with 24 courses of red brick and 12 courses of black-finished brick and chamfered concrete coping slabs and base. The filter beds are of similar construction, bordered by steel railings and with dividing walls forming catwalks. Water filtration removes colour from the water caused by peat or soil. The settling tanks allow the sludge to settle. The water is then filtered – originally through layers of sand and gravel, later through anthracite. Aluminium sulphate removes any remaining discolouration, lime maintains the alkalinity and chlorine the purity of the water, which was then pumped from the site by boaster pumps in the valve houses. A limited archaeological survey was undertaken in 2013 of the chamber below the north valve house.
Site Type: Broad
Water Disposal Site
SITEDESC
An aqueduct was built from Whelton reservoir in Whittle Dean to Throckley Filter Beds in 1869. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company. This involved extensive terracing and excavation of the area of the treatment plant, during the course of which the 'Walbottle Hoard' (SMR 1241) was found. The water treatment works were reconstructed in 1956. The filter beds have suffered from a degree of subsidence over the years. The valve houses (HER 1964 and 1965) are listed buildings {1}. Northumbrian Water has decommissioned the water works at Throckley and the site will be redeveloped in due course. Tyne and Wear Museums were appointed to record this industrial site. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company, and linked to Whelton Reservoir in Whittle Dean by an aqueduct. The works were reconstructed in 1956. The two valve houses on either side of Hexham Road are listed grade 2. The northern valve house of 1870 stands within the waterworks site and is built of snecked sandstone with pecked quoins and dressings. It has a Welsh slate roof with overhanging eaves and a lead ball and spike finial. A sandstone block wall with semi-circular ashlar coping encloses the site and there are three sandstone gatepiers with chamfered edges next to Throckley Lodge. The naturally sloping site is retained by huge sandstone block revetment walls with red brick buttresses which allowed the site to be levelled some 3m above the height of Hexham Road. Arches in the base of the buttresses allow water to flow through a channel behind the wall. Above the sandstone wall is a five course red brick wall with ashlar coping stones. Inside the site are two tanks for aluminium sulphate, an administration building built in 1955, an electricity substation, two concrete filtration tanks, a settling tank with 24 courses of red brick and 12 courses of black-finished brick and chamfered concrete coping slabs and base. The filter beds are of similar construction, bordered by steel railings and with dividing walls forming catwalks. Water filtration removes colour from the water caused by peat or soil. The settling tanks allow the sludge to settle. The water is then filtered – originally through layers of sand and gravel, later through anthracite. Aluminium sulphate removes any remaining discolouration, lime maintains the alkalinity and chlorine the purity of the water, which was then pumped from the site by boaster pumps in the valve houses. A limited archaeological survey was undertaken in 2013 of the chamber below the north valve house.
Site Name
Throckley, Filter Beds (Water Treatment Works)
Site Type: Specific
Filter Bed
HER Number
4236
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4236 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 87, SE
Northern Couties Archaeological Service, 2001, Throckley Middle School, Hexham Road, Throckley Archaeological Assessment
T. Frain, 2002, Tyne and Wear Museums, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Hexham Road, Throckley, Archaeological Assessment
T. Frain & F. Garrett, 2004, Tyne and Wear Museums, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Hexham Road, Throckley, Archaeological Watching Brief
Allied Exploration & Geotechnics Ltd, 2004, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Decomission Ground Investigation
R.W. Rennison, 1979, Water to Tyneside: A History of the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Comp; AD Archaeology, 2013, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Additional Archaeological Recording
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014