English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
02
DAY2
09
District
Sunderland
Easting
435270
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Built Over
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
547260
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hetton-le-Hole
Description
Once the place for a laundry or facility where lined was bleached. According to historian C.A.Smith, thre was an outlet for making linen garments at Bleach Green. He suggests women planted and gathered lyne to weave and bleach at Bleach Green. A Mrs Willis from Houghton reportedly told Smith she had a linen shirt made at Bleach Green.
SITEASS
A bleach croft or green was a field over which freshly woven grey cloth, which had been washed in acidic liquor such as sour milk in the adjacent boiling sheds, was spread out and regularly turned to be bleached by the sunlight. Nightwatchmen, mantraps or spring guns were used to protect the cloth from theft. An ample supply of water was needed for washing the cloth and so bleach crofts were located adjacent to streams and rivers. Such fields surrounded early bleach and dye works but were dispensed with when chemical bleaching was introduced at beginning of C19 (William Jones 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Textile Industry Site
SITEDESC
Once the place for a laundry or facility where lined was bleached. According to historian C A Smith, there was an outlet for making linen garments at Bleach Green. He suggests women planted and gathered lyne to weave and bleach at Bleach Green. A Mrs Willis from Houghton reportedly told Smith she had a linen shirt made at Bleach Green.
Site Name
Bleach Green
Site Type: Specific
Bleachfield
HER Number
3210
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3210 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20; Hetton Local & Natural History Society, 2015, The Hetton Village Atlas p384
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
435400
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
548240
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hetton-le-Hole
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Quarry, the location of which is unclear on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, the location of which is unclear on the 1st edition OS mapping, but probably lay within a 200m radius of the grid reference.
Site Name
Hetton-le-Hole, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3209
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3209 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2922,3184
DAY1
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
439270
EASTING2
3262
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MAP2
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
556820
NORTHING2
4711
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Sunderland
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Toll Road from Sunderland to Durham, with Grindon Turnpike (HER ref. 2922) and Rainton Bridge (HER ref. 3184).
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
Toll Road from Sunderland to Durham, with Grindon Turnpike, (SMR 2922), and Rainton Bridge, (SMR 3184).
Site Name
Sunderland to Durham Road
Site Type: Specific
Toll Road
HER Number
3208
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3208 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham, 21
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1862, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
02
DAY2
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
434690
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
548350
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hetton-le-Hole
Description
This Trial Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was probably out of use by 1857.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Trial Shaft, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1857. Buildings, possibly associated with the shaft shown on the Tithe Plan 1839.
Site Name
Hetton-le-Hole, Trial Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3207
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3207 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20; Hetton-le-Hole Tithe Plan, 1839 (DRO EP/HH 30/1-2)
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
02
DAY2
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
433840
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
548140
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
East Rainton
Description
Dun Well Pit. Part of Rainton Colliery, which was opened before 1815 and closed in July 1978. Owners were the North Hetton Coal Company (Earl of Durham, Messrs Wood, Philipson, Burrell and others) and Lady FA Vane Londonderry and the Marquess of Londonderry. Rainton Colliery included Adventure Pit (NZ 315 470), Alexandrina Pit (HER 3219), Hazard Pit (HER 3212), Meadows Pit (HER 6848), Nicholson's Pit (HER 3201), North Pit (HER 3197), Plain Pit (HER 3198), Resolution Pit (NZ 311 476). In 1790 a boring had been put down in South Pit in East Rainton by a Mr Rawlings, to a depth of 10 fathoms. Whellan reported that in 1894 Rainton Colliery had 31 stationary engines, 38 boilers, 1185 workers and 835 workmen's houses. The shaft may have been used as a ventilation shaft for the Hazard Colliery. Its pump house existed into the 20th century.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Dun Well Pit. Part of Rainton Colliery, which was opened before 1815 and closed in July 1978. Owners were the North Hetton Coal Company (Earl of Durham, Messrs Wood, Philipson, Burrell and others) and Lady FA Vane Londonderry and the Marquess of Londonderry. Rainton Colliery included Adventure Pit (NZ 315 470), Alexandrina Pit (HER 3219), Hazard Pit (HER 3212), Meadows Pit (HER 6848), Nicholson's Pit (HER 3201), North Pit (HER 3197), Plain Pit (HER 3198), Resolution Pit (NZ 311 476). In 1790 a boring had been put down in South Pit in East Rainton by a Mr Rawlings, to a depth of 10 fathoms. Whellan reported that in 1894 Rainton Colliery had 31 stationary engines, 38 boilers, 1185 workers and 835 workmen's houses. The shaft may have been used as a ventilation shaft for the Hazard Colliery. Its pump house existed into the 20th century.
Site Name
Rainton Colliery, Dun Well Pit (Dunwell)
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3206
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3206 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; Norman Emery, 1998, Banners of the Durham Coalfield; Hetton Local & Natural History Society, 2015, The Hetton Village Atlas
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2976,3224
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
434030
EASTING2
3413
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
548530
NORTHING2
4633
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Rainton
Description
The Rainton and Seaham Railway, North Hetton Branch, linked North Hetton Colliery (HER ref. 3224) with the main Rainton and Seaham line (HER ref. 2976). This line was taken over by the Hetton Coal Company in 1896 and continued to work until 1917, having originally been part of the Londonderry Railway.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Rainton and Seaham Railway, North Hetton Branch, linked North Hetton Colliery, (SMR 3224), with the main Rainton and Seaham line, (SMR 2976). This line was taken over by the Hetton Coal Company in 1896 and continued to work until 1917 having originally been part of the Londonderry Railway.
Site Name
Rainton and Seaham Railway, North Hetton Branch
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
3205
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3205 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20
C.E. Mountford, 1970, The Development of Colliery Railways in Co. Durham, p.13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
3203,3205
DAY1
02
DAY2
15
District
Sunderland
Easting
433690
EASTING2
3833
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
548440
NORTHING2
4813
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
East Rainton
Description
With the development of more effective pumping engines to drain previously unworkable deep coal seams and the development of nucleated collieries, the Rainton Waggonway, especially its southern lines, was extensively upgraded and re-organised by the Tempests, to whom it had passed by marriage from the Whartons in 1730. A number of new branch lines to collieries were constructed between 1816 and 1826. The line to Low Moorsley Pit was opened in 1821. This railway spur led from a coal depot, (HER 3203) to Dun Well Pit and the Rainton and Seaham Railway, North Hetton Branch (HER numbers 3206 and 3205 respectively).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
With the development of more effective pumping engines to drain previously unworkable deep coal seams and the development of nucleated collieries, the Rainton Waggonway, especially its southern lines, was extensively upgraded and re-organised by the Tempests, to whom it had passed by marriage from the Whartons in 1730. A number of new branch lines to collieries were constructed between 1816 and 1826. The line to Low Moorsley Pit was opened in 1821. This railway spur led from a coal depot, (HER 3203) to Dun Well Pit and the Rainton and Seaham Railway, North Hetton Branch (HER numbers 3206 and 3205 respectively).
Site Name
East Rainton, Railway Spur
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
3204
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3204 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2013, Waggonways to the South Bank of the River Tyne and to the River Wear; Turnbull, L, 2012, Railways Before George Stephenson (entry 87E) p 163 and 172; Bell, 1829, Map of the Coalfield (TWAS 2/421)
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2976
DAY1
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
433700
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
548440
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Rainton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Coal Depot on the Rainton and Seaham Railway (HER ref. 2976).
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Coal Depot on the Rainton and Seaham Railway, (SMR 2976).
Site Name
East Rainton, Coal Depot
Site Type: Specific
Coal Depot
HER Number
3203
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3203 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Clare Henderson
DAY1
02
DAY2
17
District
Sunderland
Easting
432690
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
547660
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Rainton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Reservoir at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
Reservoir.
Site Name
East Rainton, Reservoir
Site Type: Specific
Reservoir
HER Number
3202
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3202 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
DAY2
23
District
Sunderland
Easting
432830
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
548370
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hetton
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Rainton Bridge
Description
Nicholson's Pit. Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. Opened in 1817. Owners were the North Hetton Coal Company (Earl of Durham, Messrs Wood, Philipson, Burrell and others) and Lady FA Vane Londonderry, Marquess of Londonderry (in 1850s). Part of Rainton Colliery, which was opened before 1815 and closed in July 1978. Rainton Colliery included Adventure Pit (NZ 315 470), Dun Well Pit (HER 3206), Alexandrina Pit (HER 3219), Hazard Pit (HER 3212), Meadows Pit (HER 6848), North Pit (HER 3197), Plain Pit (HER 3198), Resolution Pit (NZ 311 476). In 1790 a boring had been put down in South Pit in East Rainton by a Mr Rawlings, to a depth of 10 fathoms. Whellan reported that in 1894 Rainton Colliery had 31 stationary engines, 38 boilers, 1185 workers and 835 workmen's houses.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Nicholson's Pit. Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. Opened in 1817. Owners were the North Hetton Coal Company (Earl of Durham, Messrs Wood, Philipson, Burrell and others) and Lady FA Vane Londonderry, Marquess of Londonderry (in 1850s). Part of Rainton Colliery, which was opened before 1815 and closed in July 1978. Rainton Colliery included Adventure Pit (NZ 315 470), Dun Well Pit (HER 3206), Alexandrina Pit (HER 3219), Hazard Pit (HER 3212), Meadows Pit (HER 6848), North Pit (HER 3197), Plain Pit (HER 3198), Resolution Pit (NZ 311 476). In 1790 a boring had been put down in South Pit in East Rainton by a Mr Rawlings, to a depth of 10 fathoms. Whellan reported that in 1894 Rainton Colliery had 31 stationary engines, 38 boilers, 1185 workers and 835 workmen's houses.
Site Name
Rainton Colliery, Nicholson's Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3201
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3201 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1861, 6 inch scale, Durham20; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; N. Emery, 1998, Banners of the Durham Coalfield; Whellan, 1894, Directory of County Durham
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005