Gas works which are shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but not on the 1st edition, so were probably built after 1855.
SITEASS
Gasholders or gasometers are large vertical cylindrical storage vessels for holding town gas at constant pressure prior to distribution to consumers. The oldest design of gasholder, made from wrought-iron plates dates from an 1824 patent. It telescoped vertically by means of grooved wheels on vertical guide rails. Later design by W. Gadd in 1890. Small gasholders were used in factories and mills which had their own gas manufacturing plant for providing lighting. By the 1870s a typical gas manufacturing works comprised of: a retort house containing rows of retorts where the gas was made, a hydraulic main to provide a water seal to prevent explosive gas blowbacks when a retort was opened, a condensor to cool the gas and allow liquid tar to drain out, an exhauster to draw out the gas from the retorts, a scrubber in which water removed ammonia from the gas, purifiers to remove contaminants, a meter to measure the volume of gas, one or more gasholders, a governor to control the pressure at which gas was distributed to customers, covered storage for coal and coke, a boiler and steam engine to drive the exhauster and a water pump for the scrubber (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, EG Stewart, 1958, History of the gas, light and coke co. 1812-1949, T. Williams, 1981, History of the British Gas Industry).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Gas works which are not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so they were built after 1855.
Site Name
Jarrow, Gas Works
Site Type: Specific
Gas Works
HER Number
2563
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2563 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
3036,3024, 3018, 17108
DAY1
26
DAY2
16
District
Sunderland
Easting
429012
EASTING2
3078
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ25SE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
553622
NORTHING2
5383
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Harton
Description
The Hedworth family owned estates in Chester Deanery, Pelton, Ouston, Harraton and Fatfield. The finances of the family had dwindled in the 17th century. John Hedworth set about re-establishing their fortunes by setting up a waggonway to exploit coal reserves under parts of the estates not leased out. This entailed the construction of a waggonway from fairly shallow coal deposits (the Five Quarter and Main Seams) in Pelton and in Ouston. The new waggonway ran from coal pits a little to the west of Pelton (beyond Tyne and Wear) to a staith at Fatfield on the north bank of the River Wear. It was in operation before 1710. A later branch line, opened in 1740, ran from pits at Ouston Colliery. In 1768, the Beamish Way joined with the waggonway and further branches were constructed from Waldridge in 1779 and Leefield by 1787. At a later date, the system was linked to staiths on the River Tyne via a junction with the Ouston Waggonway. Shown on Gibson's map of 1787 and Hobson's map of 1839. Named the Harraton Waggonway on Bell's map of 1843. Beamish Old Waggonway ran from the junction of the Harraton Wagonway, (HER 3036), and a Tramway, (HER 3025), at Nova Scotia to a point north of Rickleton where it left the county. Out of use by 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Hedworth family owned estates in Chester Deanery, Pelton, Ouston, Harraton and Fatfield. The finances of the family had dwindled in the 17th century. John Hedworth set about re-establishing their fortunes by setting up a waggonway to exploit coal reserves under parts of the estates not leased out. This entailed the construction of a waggonway from fairly shallow coal deposits (the Five Quarter and Main Seams) in Pelton and in Ouston. The new waggonway ran from coal pits a little to the west of Pelton (beyond Tyne and Wear) to a staith at Fatfield on the north bank of the River Wear. It was in operation before 1710. A later branch line, opened in 1740, ran from pits at Ouston Colliery. In 1768, the Beamish Way joined with the waggonway and further branches were constructed from Waldridge in 1779 and Leefield (HER 17108) by 1787. At a later date, the system was linked to staiths on the River Tyne via a junction with the Ouston Waggonway. Shown on Gibson's map of 1788 and Hobson's map of 1839. Named the Harraton Waggonway on Bell's map of 1843. Beamish Old Waggonway ran from the junction of the Harraton Wagonway, (HER 3036), and a Tramway, (HER 3025), at Nova Scotia to a point north of Rickleton where it left the county. Out of use by 1858.
Site Name
Harraton Waggonway/Beamish Old Wagonway/John Hedworth
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
2562
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2562 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13; John Gibson, 1788, Plan of the Collieries on the rivers Tyne and Wear; William Colling Hobson, 1839, Map of the county palatine of Durham; John Thomas William Bell, 1843, Plan of part of the Tyne and Wear coal districts in the County of Durham; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2013, Waggonways to the South Bank of the River Tyne and to the River Wear; Turnbull, L, 2012, Railways Before George Stephenson (entry 72) p 66, 160, 171; NEIMME: Watson 33/18 Map of 1737; TWAS SANT/BEQ/9/1/3/47 Map of 1767 in the Brown Collection
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
15
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435370
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563950
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
Engine Shed on the North Eastern Railway, Brockley Whins and Tyne Dock Branch, built by the North Eastern Railway in 1862.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Engine Shed on the North Eastern Railway, Brockley Whins and Tyne Dock Branch. This is not shown on 1st edition OS mapping, so built after 1855. Built by the North Eastern Railway in 1862.
Site Name
Jarrow, Engine Shed
Site Type: Specific
Engine Shed
HER Number
2561
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2561 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
N.T. Sinclair, & I.S. Carr, 1990, Railways of South Shields, p.14
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2509,2556
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435460
EASTING2
3517
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
564410
NORTHING2
6416
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
A railway spur from the North Eastern Railway Newcastle and South Shields Branch (HER ref. 2509) into Tyne Dock (HER ref. 2556).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Railway spur from the North Eastern Railway Newcastle and South Shields Branch (SMR 2509) into the Tyne Dock (SMR 2556).
Site Name
Jarrow, Railway Spur
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
2560
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2560 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2509,2556
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434950
EASTING2
3443
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
564810
NORTHING2
6447
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
A railway spur from the North Eastern Railway, Newcastle and South Shields Branch (HER ref. Tyne 2509) into Tyne Dock (HER ref. 2556). It ran from St. Bede's Junction to the Tyne Dock Bottom Junction and was opened on 1885 to ease congestion in the Dock Bottom and its approaches. The 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan shows 3 warehouses on the site, of which the westernmost had been replaced by the 1920s and the others later removed when the East Jarrow Carriage and Repair Shops were built. By 1921 the area was occupied by a Saw Mill and yards associated with the timber ponds at Jarrow Slake. The site remained railway property until the 1980s, with parts of the Saw Mill and the trackbeds still in situ.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Railway spur from the North Eastern Railway, Newcastle and South Shields Branch (SMR 2509) into the Tyne Dock (SMR 2556). From St. Bede's Junction to the Tyne Dock Bottom Junction. This link was opened on 1885 to ease congestion in the Dock Bottom and it's approaches. The 2nd edition OS mapping shows three warehouses on the site. The westernmost had been replaced by the 1920s and the others later removed when the East Jarrow Carriage and Repair Shops were built. By 1921 the area was occupied by a Saw Mill and yards associated with the timber ponds at Jarrow Slake. The site remained railway property until the 1980s, with parts of the Saw Mill and the trackbeds still in situ.
Site Name
Jarrow, Railway Spur
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
2559
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2559 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
County Conservation Team, 1989, Simonside, South Shields
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2556
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435040
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565230
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
A timber pond within Tyne Dock (HER ref. 2556), opened in 1859.
Site Type: Broad
Pond
SITEDESC
Timber pond within the Tyne Dock, (SMR 2556). These were not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so were working from after 1855.
Site Name
Tyne Dock, Timber Ponds
Site Type: Specific
Timber Pond
HER Number
2558
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2558 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2556
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435330
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
Four staiths are shown within the Tyne Dock (HER ref. 2556), opened in 1859.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
Four staiths are shown within the Tyne Dock (SMR 2556). These are not shown on 1st edition OS mapping, so were working from after 1855.
Site Name
Tyne Dock, Staiths
Site Type: Specific
Staith
HER Number
2557
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2557 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
2557,2558,2560
DAY1
11
DAY2
12
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435260
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MAP2
NZ36SE
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 360
Northing
565140
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
The Tyne Dock was originally planned in 1838, but final permission to build the dock was obtained by George Hudson in 1847. Construction began in 1855, with foundations made by dumpling material from the South Shields ballast hills. The dock opened in 1859. It was served by a two level railway system with the staiths at the High End and general cargo at the Dock Bottom. From 1883-1917 shipments of coal alone were over 5 million tons/year. In 1938 the LNER sold the dock to the Tyne Improvement Commission. The dock complex included a wide range of features, including the stone-build dock itself, dock gates, dock-side cranes, staiths (HER ref. 2557) and railway lines, a timber pond (HER ref. 2558) and various storage and administrative buildings. Amongst the latter, the Tyne Dock Hydraulic House (at NZ 354 654) is a stone building of highly characteristic form, now very rare, where hydraulic machinery was invented and developed. The Tyne Dock Offices (NZ 356 651) are also of interest. Most of the Tyne Dock gates are no longer in use and some have been dismantled and replaced with concrete.
Site Type: Broad
Dock and Harbour Installation
SITEDESC
The Tyne Dock. Originally planned in 1838, final permission to build the dock was obtained by George Hudson in 1847. Construction began in 1855 involving dumping vast quantities of material from the South Shields ballast hills to provide foundations. The dock opened in 1859. It was served by a two level railway system with the staiths at the High End and general cargo at the Dock Bottom. The layout of the High End was an outstanding and unique example of engineering design and execution. From 1883-1917 shipments of coal alone were over 5 million tons/year. In 1938 the LNER sold the dock to the Tyne Improvement Commission. Included Staiths (SMR 2557) & a Timber Pond (SMR 2558) {2}. Most of the Tyne Dock gates are no longer in use and some have been dismantled and replaced with concrete. The Tyne Dock Hydraulic House (NZ 354 654) is a stone building of the highly characteristic form of which very few examples now remain in this region where hydraulic machinery was invented and developed. The Tyne Dock Offices (NZ 356 651) are also of interest {3}. Ahead of the use of the Tyne Dock basin as a lagoon for displaced mud as part of the TT2 creation a photographic recording and condition survey of the entrances to the dock was carried out by The Archaeological Practice Ltd. In 2009. This work also included an appraisal of previous work carried out in 1999. The report concluded that the non operational Sixty Foot entrance dated to the 1850s. All buildings historically associated with the Eastern Pier have been demolished. The Eighty Foot Tidal Entrance was part of the 1850s design but was altered in the 1890s. The courses of hydraulic equipment and other conduits are visible as concrete infilled channels in the surface of the dock. The Seventy Foot Tidal Entrance was in use at the time of the survey to provide access to the NW Quay along the west side of the dock. Both piers forming the entrance to this entrance have timber extremities to the north and south. Since 1999 the timber jetties have become considerably more dilapidated and overgrown {5}. The final phase of recording was undertaken by WAA in 2014. This work included the recording of the machinery located in the western pier of the Sixty Foot Lock. The workings (replaced in the 1920s) appeared to be complete although they suffered heavily from corrosion.
Site Name
Tyne Dock
Site Type: Specific
Dock
HER Number
2556
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 2556 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
County Conservation Team, 1989, Simonside, South Shields, p.9-12
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of Interest in the inner Shields plan area; The Archaeological Practice Ltd. 2009, Entrances to Tyne Dock, Historic Buildings Recording and Condition Survey; Wardell Armstrong Archaeology, 2014, Tyne Dock, South Shields, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Recording; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2009, Tyne Dock, South Shields - A review of previous archaeological work; Carlton, R & Williams, A., 2015, 'Tyne Dock: the United Kingdom's greatest coal dock' in Archaeologica Aeliana 5th Ser., Vol 44 p271-302
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434690
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564960
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
These Timber Ponds in the south east corner of Jarrow Slake are not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so were working from after 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Pond
SITEDESC
Timber Ponds in the south east corner of Jarrow Slake. These are not shown on the 1st edn OS mapping, so this was working from after 1855.
Site Name
Jarrow, Timber Ponds
Site Type: Specific
Timber Pond
HER Number
2555
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2555 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
432200
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563570
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Monkton
Description
A Cycling Ground in the form of an Oval track, south east of Monkton. This is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was working from after 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Racing Sports Site
SITEDESC
Cycling Ground, an Oval track, south east of Monkton. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was working from after 1855.
Site Name
Monkton, Cycling Ground
Site Type: Specific
Velodrome
HER Number
2554
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2554 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE