English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
3195
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5559
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Post Medieval 1540 to 1901
Place
Washington
Description
Latterly used by the Washington New Town Direct Labour Organisation.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
In use by Washington New Town Direct Labour Organisation {1}.
Site Name
Washington, Goods Shed
Site Type: Specific
Goods Shed
HER Number
1718
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 1718 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
3304
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MATERIAL
Cast Iron
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5490
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
An old cast iron guide post remains next to the modern signs fixed to a lamp post. Between them is a stone bearing the legend: "New Penshaw 1867". Its purpose is unknown.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
An old cast iron guide post remains next to the modern signs fixed to a lamp post. Between them is a stone reading "New Penshaw 1867". Purpose unknown {1}.
Site Name
Cox Green Station, Cast Iron Guide Post
Site Type: Specific
Signpost
HER Number
1717
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1717 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Clare Henderson
DAY1
31
DAY2
20
District
Sunderland
Easting
33292
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
55601
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
The works is shown on the First edition Ordnance Survey plan.Very little is now visible on the site, although some signs of a quay can be seen and remains of a building can be seen in the earth bank.
SITEASS
Copperas is iron sulphate, resulting from atmospheric oxidation and decomposition of iron pyrites found in coal measures. When heated, oil of vitriol (concentrated sulphuric acid) is produced, which was used as a mordant in the dyeing industry in the eighteenth century and for making ink. Copperas was used from the mid C18 to late C19 in the Leblanc process for making soda. Its use declined when better ways of making sulphuric acid were discovered, when synthetic dyes were introduced and when the Solvay Process superseded the Leblanc (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Very little is visible on this site, although some signs of a quay can be seen and remains of a building can be seen in the earth bank {1}. Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Cox Green, Copperas Works
Site Type: Specific
Copperas Works
HER Number
1716
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1716 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2021
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
348
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
North Hylton
Description
The chimney is totally free-standing and no associated remains are visible. It has an arched opening near its base.
Site Type: Broad
Industrial Building
SITEDESC
Chimney is totally free standing and no associated remains are visible. It has an arched opening near its base {1}.
Site Name
North Hylton, Chimney
Site Type: Specific
Chimney
HER Number
1715
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1715 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
350
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Post Medieval 1540 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows a stone quay, visible beside Ferry Boat Lane, at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Landing Point
SITEDESC
Stone quay visible beside Ferry Boat Lane {1}.
Site Name
Ferry Boat Lane, Stone Quay
Site Type: Specific
Quay
HER Number
1714
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1714 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
DAY2
29
District
Sunderland
Easting
365
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
583
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
North Hylton
Description
Opened 1900, closed 13 July 1979. Sinking started in 1897. There were three pits - East Pit, South Pit and West Pit. The owners were Wearmouth Coal Company LTD until the National Coal Board took over in 1947.
SITEASS
Assessment in 1978 - rail connection from pit head has been removed and new road built partly over site of track bed although it can be traced over some of its length. Only one shaft of the colliery remains in use. Other pit head has had ropes and pully removed and second winding house no longer used. Notable for its pleasant symmetrical architectural composition {1}. Site now landscaped.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Opened 1900, closed 13 July 1979. Sinking started in 1897. There were three pits - East Pit, South Pit and West Pit. The owners were Wearmouth Coal Company LTD until the National Coal Board took over in 1947.
Site Name
Hylton Colliery (Castletown Colliery)
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
1713
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1713 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area; N. Emery, 1998, Banners of the Durham Coalfield; Durham Mining Museum, www.dmm.org.uk
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
3819
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MATERIAL
Brick; Granite; Steel
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 NE 228
Northing
5785
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Sunderland
Description
Designed by Charles A Harrison and constructed by Sir William Arrol & Co, builders of the Forth Rail Bridge. The purpose of the rail bridge was to connect the coalfields of Annfield Plain and Washington with Sunderland's South Docks. Agreement to build the bridge was reached in 1899 and the approaches were completed by 1907, by Mitchell Brothers of Glasgow. By 1909 the Bridge was complete and was ceremoniously opened by the Earl of Durham. The footings are of Norwegian granite based on solid clay whilst the arches were of red sandstone, shipped to the Wear from Lockarbriggs Quarry, Dumfriesshire. The 330 feet centre span, which is 3 times heavier than that of the Forth Rail Bridge, stands some 85 feet above high water level, and is connected to two 200 feet side spans to the north and one 200 feet land span to the south. The following quantities of material were used: 350,000 bricks, 8,500 tonnes of steel, 60,000 tonnes of red sandstone and 4,000 tonnes of granite. Although primarily a rail bridge, facilities were also made for a road and pathways on the lower deck, with gas and water mains flanking the upper deck. Due to the fall in coal exports, the upper deck closed to regular rail traffic in 1921. The semi-redundant rail deck was used as a platform for searchlights and anti-aircraft guns during World War Two. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
Built as a combined rail-road bridge, but only lower road deck is now used {1}. Designed by Charles A Harrison, nephew of Robert Stephenson's assistant, and constructed by Sir William Arrol & Co, builders of the Forth Rail Bridge. The need for the rail bridge was to avoid coal trains having to reverse at Washington and Penshaw, thus connecting the coalfields of Annfield Plain and Washington with Sunderland's South Docks. Negotiations between the North Eastern Railway Company and Sunderland Corporation resulted in an agreement to build the bridge over the River Wear in 1899. The approaches were completed by 1907, by Mitchell Brothers of Glasgow, the subcontractors. By 1909 the Bridge was complete and was ceremoniously opened by the Earl of Durham. A temporary cantilever principle was utilised in erecting the bridge, a unique and remarkable technique at the time. The footings are of Norwegian granite based on solid clay whilst the arches were of red sandstone, shipped to the Wear from Lockarbriggs Quarry, Dumfriesshire. Structurally the Queen Alexandra Bridge has a centre span three times heavier than that of the Forth Rail Bridge. The 330ft centre span stands some 85ft above high water level, it is connected to two 200ft side spans to the north and one 200ft land span to the south. Steel is used throughout the latter. The following quantities of material were used: 350,000 bricks, 8,500 tonnes of steel, 60,000 tonnes of red sandstone and 4,000 tonnes of granite. Although primarily a rail bridge, facilities were also made for a road and pathways on the lower deck, with gas and water mains flanking the upper deck. During the peak years some six million tonnes of coal passed over the rail deck yearly, however passenger traffic on this route never materialised. Consequently, due to the fall in coal exports, the upper deck closed to regular rail traffic in 1921 leading to the bridge's regrettable epitaph as a "white elephant". Following a period of use for wagon storage the semi-redundant rail deck was used as a platform for searchlights and anti-aircraft guns during World War Two {2}.
Site Name
Queen Alexandra Bridge
Site Type: Specific
Road Bridge
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
1712
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1712 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1995, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 20-21
I. Ayris, 1990, Queen Alexandra Bridge, Sunderland report
F.C. Buscarlet & A. Hunter, 1910, The Queen Alexandra Bridge over the River Wear, Sunderland, Minutes of the Proceeings Institute Civil Engineers, paper 3824
D. Caslaw, 1982, Built to last, 12 years, Sunderland and Washington Times, issue 137, Oct 28 1982
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
388
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
583
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Monkwearmouth
Description
First shown on the second edition OS of 1898. The large graving dock was comparable in size and form to that at the Bridge Yard (HER 2754) and is mostly lined in wood. The wrought-iron dock gates still remain in position, although embedded and partially hidden in the mud. The gates, which are still intact though badly rotted, originally opened by winch and chain, and are known as 'Cornhill Patent' .
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
First shown on the second edition OS of 1898. The large graving dock was comparable in size and form to that at the Bridge Yard (HER 2754) and is mostly lined in wood. The wrought-iron dock gates still remain in position, although embedded and partially hidden in the mud. The gates, which are still intact though badly rotted, originally opened by winch and chain, and are known as 'Cornhill Patent' {2}.
Site Name
Cornhill Dock
Site Type: Specific
Dry Dock
HER Number
1711
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1711 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
Joint Conservation Team, Industrial Archaeology Cards; Northern Archaeological Associates, 2017, Sheepfolds, Sunderland - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment, Building Recording and Geological Assessment, pp 55-56
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
390
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
574
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Sunderland
Description
The timber cooling towers of this power station survived until fairly recently {1}. Shown on Ordnance Survey third edition as Electricity Generating Station. Built on site of Trimdon Iron Works (HER 5013).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
The timber cooling towers of this power station survived until fairly recently {1}. Shown on Ordnance Survey third edition as Electricity Generating Station. Built on site of Trimdon Iron Works (HER 5013).
Site Name
Sunderland, Power Station
Site Type: Specific
Power Station
HER Number
1710
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 1710 >> Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
390
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
576
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ayres Quay
Description
The present structure has three stone-pointed arches, two brick-lined rounded arches and the remains of a third brick-lined round arch. There is a group of three semi-circular lime kilns by the riverside on the south bank. The complex probably dates from the 18th century.
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Present structure has three stone-pointed arches, two brick-lined rounded arches and remains of a third brick-lined round arch {1}. Small group of three semi-circular lime kilns by the riverside on the south bank. Probably date from 18th century {2}.
Site Name
Ayres Quay, Lime Kilns
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
HER Number
1709
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1709 >> Tyne and Wear Joint Conservation Team, 1975, Card Index of Industrial Sites
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
2001