In May 1986 part of a clinker built boat was discovered protruding from the peat about 25 feet from the original edge of the drained lake in Gosforth Park. The entire length was preserved. It was constructed of larch with mahogany ribs and top strake. The very light construction and double-ended shape indicated that it possibly started out as a gun-punt the late Victorian or early Edwardian period and was later fitted out for pleasure sailing. Although generally resembling rowed leisure skiffs of the late Victorian period the excavated boat was unusual in being double-ended (ie with pointed bow and stern) rather than having a typical wineglass-shaped square transom. Construction was of characteristic British small-boat type.
Site Type: Broad
Watercraft
SITEDESC
In May 1986 part of a clinker built boat was discovered protruding from the peat about 25ft from the original edge of the drained lake in Gosforth Park. The entire length was preserved. It was constructed of larch with mahogany ribs and top strake. The very light construction and double-ended shape indicated that it possibly started out as a gun-punt and was later fitted out for pleasure sailing. Traces of paint were analysed and found to be lead-based carbon black on white lead. Such paint was in common use from the seventeenth century onwards. Although generally resembling rowed leisure skiffs of the late Victorian period the excavated boat was unusual in being double-ended (ie with pointed bow and stern) rather than having a typical wineglass-shaped square transom. Construction was of characteristic British small-boat type. The identification of larch as the main planking timber was unexpected since it is prone to deterioration in freshwater. The mahogany top strakes gave indication of a boat intended for pleasure rather than working purposes. The boat's overall design and construction suggest a vessel of good quality construction dating from the late Victorian or early Edwardian period, intended for use under oars for lacustrine fishing or wildfowling. There was a later comparatively crude conversion for leisure sailing. The hull fabric suggests eventual disuse through deliberate damage rather than decay {1}.
Site Name
Gosforth Park, boat
Site Type: Specific
Watercraft
HER Number
1837
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1837 >> L. Allason-Jones & A. Osler 1986, The Gosforth (Tyne and Wear) Boat, Northern Archaeology, Vol 7, Part 2, p 17-29
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
425380
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ46SW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563990
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Post Medieval 1540 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
A well discovered to the rear of 25b Broad Chare. 1.16 metres in diameter and 6.5 metres deep. The culvert immediately to the east of the well has a stone east side and brick west side. Heavy stone slabs covered the drain and there were stone flags at its base. The drain probably originally ran down the centre of what was Rewcastle Chare. No dating evidence was recovered from it.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
Well discovered to the rear of 25b Broad Chare. 1.16m in diameter and 6.5m deep. The culvert immediately to the east of the well has a stone east side and brick west side. Heavy stone slabs covered the drain and there were stone flags at its base. The drain probably originally ran down the centre of what was Rewcastle Chare. No dating evidence was recovered.
Site Name
25B Broad Chare, well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
1836
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1836 >> B. Harbottle, 1988, 25b Broad Chare (rear)
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
17
District
S Tyneside
Easting
440200
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ46SW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563500
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
First World War 1914 to 1918
Place
Whitburn
Description
First World War command post for former gun turret at Marsden. Badly built at the end of WW1. The battery site has been fully quarried away.
Site Type: Broad
Coastal Defence Site
SITEDESC
First World War command post for former gun turret at Marsden. Badly built at end of WW1. Battery site fully quarried away.
Site Name
Whitburn, Lizard Lane, WWI Command Post
Site Type: Specific
Coastal Battery Command Post
HER Number
1835
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1835 >> A.Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
17
District
Sunderland
Easting
439700
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561100
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Seaburn
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence show a pillbox of Second World War origin, now used as viewing platform, at this location.
SITEASS
The pillbox is the most familiar type of C20 defensive building. Sometimes referred to as defence posts, blockhouses or police posts. Concrete pillboxes were first used by the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War. The concept was copied by the Germans in WW1 and later by the British. The majority of WW2 pillboxes were associated with beach defences, stop-lines and nodal points. Some were sited to defend coastal batteries, airfields, radar stations and factories. More than 18,000 were built during 1940. In June 1940 branch FW3 of the War Office Directorate of Fortifications and Works issued designs for about a dozen standard pillboxes. In practice a multiplicity of designs arose. However most pillboxes consist of a basic squat, heavily constructed building, usually flat-roofed, no more than 1.98m high and quadrilateral, polygonal or circular in plan. There were one or two entrances, sometimes protected by a porch or wall. They all have a series of horizontal slits (firing loops, loopholes or embrasures) to provide interlocking fields of fire over the anticipated direction of attack. Most pillboxes were designed for rifles or light machine guns. More heavily armed examples had Vickers machine guns, anti-tank guns or Hotchkiss guns. Pillbox walls are almost invariably of concrete, sometimes with brick shuttering or stone facing {Defence of Britain Handbook, 1995, pp 79-82}.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
Pillbox now used as viewing platform. Could be same site as SMR 1786.
Site Name
Seaburn, Pillbox
Site Type: Specific
Pillbox
HER Number
1834
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1834 >> A.Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
17
District
S Tyneside
Easting
440800
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ46SW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561800
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Whitburn
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence show a pillbox of Second World War origin at this location.
SITEASS
The pillbox is the most familiar type of C20 defensive building. Sometimes referred to as defence posts, blockhouses or police posts. Concrete pillboxes were first used by the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War. The concept was copied by the Germans in WW1 and later by the British. The majority of WW2 pillboxes were associated with beach defences, stop-lines and nodal points. Some were sited to defend coastal batteries, airfields, radar stations and factories. More than 18,000 were built during 1940. In June 1940 branch FW3 of the War Office Directorate of Fortifications and Works issued designs for about a dozen standard pillboxes. In practice a multiplicity of designs arose. However most pillboxes consist of a basic squat, heavily constructed building, usually flat-roofed, no more than 1.98m high and quadrilateral, polygonal or circular in plan. There were one or two entrances, sometimes protected by a porch or wall. They all have a series of horizontal slits (firing loops, loopholes or embrasures) to provide interlocking fields of fire over the anticipated direction of attack. Most pillboxes were designed for rifles or light machine guns. More heavily armed examples had Vickers machine guns, anti-tank guns or Hotchkiss guns. Pillbox walls are almost invariably of concrete, sometimes with brick shuttering or stone facing {Defence of Britain Handbook, 1995, pp 79-82}.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
Pillbox - could be same site as SMR 1793 with a slightly different NGR.
Site Name
Whitburn, Pillbox
Site Type: Specific
Pillbox
HER Number
1833
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1833 >> A.Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
17
DAY2
10
District
Gateshead
Easting
422215
Grid ref figure
10
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562524
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Dunston
Description
This site was added to the Gateshead local list in 2023. The local list description reads:
'Large rectangular pillbox with two wide embrasures for machine guns on the west side and a low door on the north. Intended to cover the flat area by the River Tyne in case of German parachute or glider landings.'
NB original grid ref NZ222624, and descriptions read 'still extant at edge of railway line - last of several which used to start at arch of railway' and 'Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence show a pillbox of Second World War origin at this location'.
SITEASS
The pillbox is the most familiar type of C20 defensive building. Sometimes referred to as defence posts, blockhouses or police posts. Concrete pillboxes were first used by the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War. The concept was copied by the Germans in WW1 and later by the British. The majority of WW2 pillboxes were associated with beach defences, stop-lines and nodal points. Some were sited to defend coastal batteries, airfields, radar stations and factories. More than 18,000 were built during 1940. In June 1940 branch FW3 of the War Office Directorate of Fortifications and Works issued designs for about a dozen standard pillboxes. In practice a multiplicity of designs arose. However most pillboxes consist of a basic squat, heavily constructed building, usually flat-roofed, no more than 1.98m high and quadrilateral, polygonal or circular in plan. There were one or two entrances, sometimes protected by a porch or wall. They all have a series of horizontal slits (firing loops, loopholes or embrasures) to provide interlocking fields of fire over the anticipated direction of attack. Most pillboxes were designed for rifles or light machine guns. More heavily armed examples had Vickers machine guns, anti-tank guns or Hotchkiss guns. Pillbox walls are almost invariably of concrete, sometimes with brick shuttering or stone facing {Defence of Britain Handbook, 1995, pp 79-82}.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
This site was added to the Gateshead local list in 2023. The local list description reads:
'Large rectangular pillbox with two wide embrasures for machine guns on the west side and a low door on the north. Intended to cover the flat area by the River Tyne in case of German parachute or glider landings.'
NB original grid ref NZ222624, and descriptions read 'still extant at edge of railway line - last of several which used to start at arch of railway' and 'Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence show a pillbox of Second World War origin at this location'.
Site Name
Dunston Pillbox
Site Type: Specific
Pillbox
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
1832
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1832 >> A Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2023
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
17
District
N Tyneside
Easting
434400
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
573500
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence show a pillbox of Second World War origin at this location.
SITEASS
The pillbox is the most familiar type of C20 defensive building. Sometimes referred to as defence posts, blockhouses or police posts. Concrete pillboxes were first used by the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War. The concept was copied by the Germans in WW1 and later by the British. The majority of WW2 pillboxes were associated with beach defences, stop-lines and nodal points. Some were sited to defend coastal batteries, airfields, radar stations and factories. More than 18,000 were built during 1940. In June 1940 branch FW3 of the War Office Directorate of Fortifications and Works issued designs for about a dozen standard pillboxes. In practice a multiplicity of designs arose. However most pillboxes consist of a basic squat, heavily constructed building, usually flat-roofed, no more than 1.98m high and quadrilateral, polygonal or circular in plan. There were one or two entrances, sometimes protected by a porch or wall. They all have a series of horizontal slits (firing loops, loopholes or embrasures) to provide interlocking fields of fire over the anticipated direction of attack. Most pillboxes were designed for rifles or light machine guns. More heavily armed examples had Vickers machine guns, anti-tank guns or Hotchkiss guns. Pillbox walls are almost invariably of concrete, sometimes with brick shuttering or stone facing {Defence of Britain Handbook, 1995, pp 79-82}.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
Pillbox.
Site Name
Whitley Bay, Pillbox
Site Type: Specific
Pillbox
HER Number
1831
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1831 >> A.Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
17
District
N Tyneside
Easting
431000
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566300
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Wallsend
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows a pillbox or possible warden's post of Second World War origin, at this location.
SITEASS
The pillbox is the most familiar type of C20 defensive building. Sometimes referred to as defence posts, blockhouses or police posts. Concrete pillboxes were first used by the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War. The concept was copied by the Germans in WW1 and later by the British. The majority of WW2 pillboxes were associated with beach defences, stop-lines and nodal points. Some were sited to defend coastal batteries, airfields, radar stations and factories. More than 18,000 were built during 1940. In June 1940 branch FW3 of the War Office Directorate of Fortifications and Works issued designs for about a dozen standard pillboxes. In practice a multiplicity of designs arose. However most pillboxes consist of a basic squat, heavily constructed building, usually flat-roofed, no more than 1.98m high and quadrilateral, polygonal or circular in plan. There were one or two entrances, sometimes protected by a porch or wall. They all have a series of horizontal slits (firing loops, loopholes or embrasures) to provide interlocking fields of fire over the anticipated direction of attack. Most pillboxes were designed for rifles or light machine guns. More heavily armed examples had Vickers machine guns, anti-tank guns or Hotchkiss guns. Pillbox walls are almost invariably of concrete, sometimes with brick shuttering or stone facing {Defence of Britain Handbook, 1995, pp 79-82}.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
Pillbox or possible warden's post.
Site Name
Wallsend, Pillbox
Site Type: Specific
Pillbox
HER Number
1830
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1830 >> A.Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
1828
DAY1
17
DAY2
03
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436870
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 SE 35
Northing
560630
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
East Boldon
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence show an anti-aircraft depot/balloon depot at this location. There were two such supply depots for the Tyne and Wear area, this one served Tyneside. It is still extant. LOCAL LIST
Site Type: Broad
Military Depot
SITEDESC
Military supply depot related to anti-aircraft ordnance - there were two supply depots for the Tyne and Wear area, this one served Sunderland. It still exists. Includes five magazines each 21m x 10m surrounded by earthworks of blast walls, a gun store 50m to the north and smaller related features. The depot was still in use in 1947 employing 12 men.
Considered for listing by HE in 2020 - not listed.
Site Name
East Boldon, Anti-Aircraft Supply Depot
Site Type: Specific
Ordnance Depot
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
1829
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1829 >> A.Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear; English Heritage, 2008, Hadrian's Wall National Mapping Programme, 1403186; Aerial Photograph RAF 106G/UK/745 6034 28-AUG-1945; SOUTH TYNESIDE LOCAL LIST REVIEW 2011: REFERENCE NUMBER: LSHA/132/B; http://www.boldonwm.uk/ebaac.htm
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1829
DAY1
17
DAY2
24
District
N Tyneside
Easting
429000
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ27SE
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570700
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Killingworth
Description
Anti-Aircraft Ordnance Depot No 75 was built as a facility for servicing anti-aircraft batteries defending the area north of the River Tyne. Another one exists for south of the Tyne (HER 1829). It was built c.1938 and is one of a small number of known Emergency Equipment Ammunition Magazines (EEAM) constructed throughout the UK in anticipation of war. It had a dual function - to act as the primary local supply depot for ammunition used by anti-aircraft facilities in the area and to act as a centre for storage and maintenance of vehicles and armaments required by the batteries. The complex was split into three - an ammunition storage zone, vehicle/arms storage zone and acomodation, welfare and administration zone. Subsequent to the war the complex served as a depot for vehicle maintenance by the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) until 1976. Between 1979 and the mid 1990s the complex was used as a central store for the Area Health Authority. Many buildings were demolished or altered at this time. Since the mid 1990s the buildings have been out of use and falling into disrepair. The complex was recorded in 2014 by NAA ahead of proposed redevelopment of the site. The survey found that the extent of the original depot is poor. Fourteen buildings remain (from 34) in a poor condition.The significance of the site is in the complex as a whole. Extant buildings in 2014 included: Caretaker's house, storage buildings, boiler house, warehouse, offices and ammunition bunkers. Further recording took place by NAA in 2016.
Site Type: Broad
Military Depot
SITEDESC
Anti-Aircraft Ordnance Depot No 75 was built as a facility for servicing anti-aircraft batteries defending the area north of the River Tyne. Another one exists for south of the Tyne (HER 1829). It was built c.1938 and is one of a small number of known Emergency Equipment Ammunition Magazines (EEAM) constructed throughout the UK in anticipation of war. It had a dual function - to act as the primary local supply depot for ammunition used by anti-aircraft facilities in the area and to act as a centre for storage and maintenance of vehicles and armaments required by the batteries. The complex was split into three - an ammunition storage zone, vehicle/arms storage zone and accommodation, welfare and administration zone. Subsequent to the war the complex served as a depot for vehicle maintenance by the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) until 1976. Between 1979 and the mid 1990s the complex was used as a central store for the Area Health Authority. Many buildings were demolished or altered at this time. Since the mid 1990s the buildings have been out of use and falling into disrepair. The complex was recorded in 2014 by NAA ahead of proposed redevelopment of the site. The survey found that the extent of the original depot is poor. Fourteen buildings remain (from 34) in a poor condition. The significance of the site is in the complex as a whole. Extant buildings in 2014 included: Caretaker's house, storage buildings, boiler house, warehouse, offices and ammunition bunkers. Further recording took place by NAA in 2016.
Site Name
Killingworth, Anti-Aircraft Supply Depot
Site Type: Specific
Ordnance Depot
HER Number
1828
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 1828 >> A.Rudd, Defence of Britain Project, 1996, List of Known Fortifications in Tyne and Wear; Northern Archaeological Associaties Ltd. 2014, Former Ministry of Defence Depot, Killingworth - Buildings Survey and Assessment of Significance; Northern Archaeological Associaties Ltd. 2016, Former Ministry of Defence Depot, Killingworth - Buildings Survey and Watching Brief