Fragment of an 8th-10th century cross shaft, 17.8 cm high x 17.8 cm wide x 15.9 cm deep. In medium-grained yellow sandstone. Edged with roll mouldings, otherwise all plain. Found in 1973 during archaeological excavations.
Site Type: Broad
Religious House
SITEDESC
Fragment of cross-shaft. 17.8 cm high x 17.8 cm wide x 15.9 cm deep. In medium-grained yellow sandstone. Damaged but unworn. Edged with roll mouldings, otherwise all plain. Found in 1973 in the archaeological excavations in Saxon building D. Dated C8-10th.
Site Name
Jarrow, Anglo-Saxon cross-shaft
Site Type: Specific
Cross
HER Number
1201
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1201 >> R.J. Cramp, 1984, Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture, Vol. I, Part 1, p. 109, pl. 92 (492-5) (Jarrow 7)
YEAR1
1993
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
CONDITION
Fair
Crossref
1186
DAY1
30
DAY2
25
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436730
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Ashlar
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569090
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
In 1847 the Newcastle and North Shields Railway was extended as part of the Newcastle and Berwick Railway to a new terminus in what is now Oxford Street, Tynemouth. The buildings were designed by John and Benjamin Green and they survive alongside the later classical buildings. LISTED GRADE 2
SITEASS
Restored in 1986-7 at which time the c.1847 hotel and refreshment rooms beside the platform were replaced by sheltered housing by Browne, Smith, Baker & Partners.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
In 1847 the Newcastle and North Shields Railway was extended as part of the Newcastle and Berwick Railway to a new terminus in what is now Oxford Street, Tynemouth. The buildings were designed by John and Benjamin Green and they survive alongside the later classical buildings.
The main passenger building is listed Grade II with the following description:
Railway station passenger building. 1846-7 by John and Benjamin Green and R. Nicholson for the Newcastle and Berwick Railway Company. Sandstone ashlar; Welsh slate roof with stone gable copings. Tudor style. 2 storeys, 3 wide bays: and right wing of one storey, 3 bays. Projecting gabled centre bay has buttressed portico to 3-light window flanked by half-glazed double doors. Carved arms of Newcastle in spandrels of portico. Oriel window in gable peak. 3-light ground-floor windows in outer bays under corbelled-out gabled oriel half-dormers. 2-light windows in right wing. All windows stone-mullioned and boarded up. Sloped gable copings on curved kneelers; ball finials to principal gables. Ashlar chimneys, that at left truncated; ridge ventilator to wing. Historical note: Newcastle and North Shields Railway Company of 1835, with terminus in North Shields, amalgamated in 1845 with Newcastle and Berwick Company. Source: H.E. Craster History of Northumberland vol. VIII p. 355. Empty and derelict at time of survey.
The Former Refreshment Rooms and Railway Hotel (LB 1025350) was delisted in 2016 and had the following description:
Railway hotel and refreshment rooms. Circa 1847; possibly by J and B Green, for Newcastle and Berwick Railway Company. Sandstone ashlar with rusticated quoins; Welsh slate roof with some brick repairs to ashlar chimneys. Near-symmetrical composition of 3-storey, 3-bay block and 2-storey, 3- and 4-bay wings. South elevation to vehicle way: main block has central double door in raised stone surround, flat stone lintels and slightly projecting sills to sash windows, paired at right and above door; oriel window at ground floor left; wings in similar style. 2 ridge chimneys on hipped roof of central block. Tall chimneys on roll-moulded plinths, at front of wings. Stencilled REFRESHMENT visible on lintel of entrance from platform at rear. An early example of a purpose-built railway hotel. Partly burnt out and without glazing at time of survey.
Site Name
Newcastle and Berwick Railway Terminus, Oxford Street
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
1200
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 1200 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89; I. M. Ayris & S. M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p.11; Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 9/105; H. E. Craster, 1907, History of Northumberland, vol VIII, p 355; https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1299917
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2022
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
30
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435990
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569560
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Tynemouth Windmill is shown as a ruin on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map of the area, so was probably disused before 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Tynemouth Windmill, location unclear from the 1st edition OS mapping. Marked as a ruin so probably disused before 1858. Tomling's Mill was located in Edith Street by Spital Dene where the present Tynemouth golf course is situated.
Site Name
Tomling's Windmill
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
HER Number
1199
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1199 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
30
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435510
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568930
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Shields
Description
The site presently comprises two Reservoirs.
Site Type: Broad
Water Supply Site
SITEDESC
North Shields Water Works, comprising two Reservoirs.
Site Name
North Shields Water Works
Site Type: Specific
Waterworks
HER Number
1198
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1198 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
30
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435630
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570100
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Preston
Description
Pit Hole Well, shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, is possibly a disused mine shaft, flooded or actually used as a well.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
Pit Hole Well, possibly a disused mine shaft, flooded or actually used as a well.
Site Name
Preston, Pit Hole Well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
1197
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1197 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
30
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436470
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570760
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cullercoats
Description
A Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, located immediately to the south of Link House, Cullercoats. It may have been related to Ironstone Working in the vicinity.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shaft, marked as Old on 1st edition OS mapping. Located immediately to the south of Link House, Cullercoats. Possibly related to Ironstone Working.
Site Name
Cullercoats, Mine Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
1196
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1196 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1149
DAY1
30
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435570
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570860
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cullercoats
Description
A station on the Blyth and Tyne Railway (HER ref. 1149).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Cullercoats Station, on the Blyth and Tyne Railway, (SMR 1149).
Site Name
Cullercoats Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
1195
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1195 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
30
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436330
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571150
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cullercoats
Description
Ballast Hill, south of Mast Lane, Cullercoats, at its eastern end. Many ships coming to the Tyne to load coal entered the river 'light' or 'in ballast'. This means that no cargo was being carried. In the absence of cargo, the ballast gives the vessel stability. Ships returning from London coal voyages often carried shingle or chalk as ballast. Sand and other materials were also used. Over the centuries, great hills of ballast grew along both banks of the Tyne. There were substantial ballast hills near Bill Point Walker, Willington Quay, Hebburn, Jarrow and North and South Shields. Ships were charged fees to unload their ballast. By the early 1820s this was about 20p per ton. To avoid the fee some masters resorted to the dangerous act of discharging ballast before entering harbour. One estimate suggests that some 20% of all imported ballast ended up in the river, risking the Tyne silting up.
Site Type: Broad
Ballast Hill
SITEDESC
Ballast Hill, south of Mast Lane, Cullercoats, at its eastern end. Many ships coming to the Tyne to load coal entered the river 'light' or 'in ballast'. This means that no cargo was being carried. In the absence of cargo, the ballast gives the vessel stability. Ships returning from London coal voyages often carried shingle or chalk as ballast. Sand and other materials were also used. Over the centuries, great hills of ballast grew along both banks of the Tyne. There were substantial ballast hills near Bill Point Walker, Willington Quay, Hebburn, Jarrow and North and South Shields. Ships were charged fees to unload their ballast. By the early 1820s this was about 20p per ton. To avoid the fee some masters resorted to the dangerous act of discharging ballast before entering harbour. One estimate suggests that some 20% of all imported ballast ended up in the river, risking the Tyne silting up.
Site Name
Cullercoats, Ballast Hill
Site Type: Specific
Ballast Hill
HER Number
1194
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1194 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89; Dick Keys and Ken Smith, 2005, Tall Ships on the Tyne, p 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
2001
DAY1
30
DAY2
01
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435290
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Recreational Usage
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571440
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Whitley Quarry was also variously known as Whitley Lime Kiln Farm, Marden Farm or the Maudiln Pits. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map shows limekilns and an engine house within the site. A reservoir, belonging to North Shields Water Works also lies within the quarry (HER ref. 2001). The earliest records show a John Dove leasing the site in 1663. By around 1825 it had 12 lime kilns, including one battery of 6, 3 old kilns, a windmill, smithy and an internal wagonway system. It used the Whitley Wagonway to transport materials to the Tyne. Before the establishment of the railways it was probably the biggest lime producer in Northumberland. By 1850 it was in decline, with the flooded portion in use as a reservoir. LOCAL LIST
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A post medieval quarry is visible as an earthwork on air photographs. The feature covers an area of approximately 12.9ha and appears to have been partially levelled on the latest 1988 Ordnance Survey vertical photography, whilst part forms a reservoir.
Whitley Quarry, also known as Whitley Lime Kiln Farm, Marden Farm or the Maudlin Pits. Virtually the only exposure of magnesian limestone north of the Tyne. The 1st edition OS mapping shows limekilns, and an engine house within the site. Earliest records show a John Dove leasing the site in 1663. Henry Hudson leased the Maudlin Pits in 1684. By around 1825 it had 12 lime kilns, including one battery of 6, 3 old kilns, a windmill, smithy and an internal wagonway system. It used the Whitley Wagonway to transport materials to the Low Light in North Shields on the Tyne. Before the establishment of the railways it was probably the biggest lime producer in Northumberland. By 1850 it was in decline, with the flooded portion in use as a reservoir by North Shields Water Works (HER 2001). In 1911 the level of the quarry was 90ft below that of adjacent Hill Heads Road. Access to the quarry was via 134 wooden-fronted clay steps from the main road. Whitley Urban District Council compulsory purchased the quarry and adjacent West Park in 1924. The quarry was infilled with thousands of tons of earth and controlled refuse tipping. Once raised to the same level as the road it was grassed over to become West Park cricket field and football ground. New Whitley Cottages (also known as Fiddlers Green) and the quarry tower were demolished in 1965. The remainder of the quarry and the reservoir then became a Marden Park Nature Reserve, which is included on North Tyneside Council's Local List. Marden Park was opened in 1977. It includes a large wildfowl lake, small pockets of limestone grassland, senescent elder scrub and mature woodland. The lake is known locally for its wildfowl. Many migrating birds use the quarry as a 'fall' site. The park was awarded Local Nature Reserve Status in 2005.
Site Name
Whitley and Marden Quarries
Site Type: Specific
Limestone Quarry
SITE_STAT
Local List, Local Nature Reserve
HER Number
1193
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1193 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
S.M. Linsley, Notes on the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, Whitley Quarry, p.240; C. W. Steel, 2000, Images of England - Monkseaton and Hillheads; North Tyneside Council, November 2008, Register of Buildings and Parks of Special Local Architectural and Historic Interest SDP (Local Development Document 9)
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2008
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
30
DAY2
19
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435560
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571830
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
A shaft is shown within the site on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map. Coal mining was occurring in Whitley in the 1660s, because it is recorded that salt pans at Cullercoats were fired by coal from Whitley. The exact location of the Whitley mines of this period is unclear. In the 17th century the Whitley collieries were expanded and connected to the coast by wooden wagonways. The coal industry declined, however, when six salt pans were transferred to Blyth. Whitley Colliery was re-opened in 1810 and worked in conjunction with a quarry at Marden, where coal was used in the lime kilns. Whitley Bay expanded as a settlement for local colliers and workers.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Whitley Pit (Coal). A shaft is shown within the site on 1st edition OS mapping. Coal mining was occurring in Whitley in the 1660s, because salt pans at Cullercoats were fired by coal from Whitley. The exact location of the Whitley mines of this period is unclear. In the C17 the Whitley collieries were expanded, connected to the coast by wooden wagonways. The coal industry declined when six salt pans were transferred to Blyth. Whitley Colliery was rejuvenated in the C19, re-opening in 1810. A Pit was sunk in 1817, and Engine Pit in 1819. The colliery was owned by J. Carr and others. The colliery was worked in conjunction with a quarry at Marden, where it fired the lime kilns. Whitley Bay expanded as a settlement for local colliers and workers.
Site Name
Whitley Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
1192
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1192 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
The Archaeological Practice, 2003, 10 York Road, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment
H.H.E. Craster, 1907, A History of Northumberland, Vol VIII; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk