In 1911 a cist burial with skeletal remains and a beaker was found during the ploughing of one of the hills in a field close to Clara Vale Colliery. The cist, orientated east-west, was 3 feet 8 in long x 2 feet 4 in wide at the west end, 1 feet 9 in at the east, and 2 feet 5 in deep. The sides were made of single stone slabs, the floor and top of several pieces. The burial was a contracted inhumation, the remains being of an adult male, with femurs 18 in (45.7 cm) long, and the beaker was found beneath the left arm in the south-east corner of the cist. The vessel, 195 mm high, with a rim diam of 135 mm, was decorated with encircling notched lines in groups of three, divided from one another by notches, herringbone, upright lines of notching, and a trellis pattern. Two plain bands divide the decoration into three zones. The present location of the vessel is obscure, but it may be in the British Museum.
Site Type: Broad
Cist
SITEDESC
In 1911 a cist burial with beaker was found during the ploughing of one of the hills in a field close to Clara Vale Colliery. The coroner reported to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle that the cist was 3 ft 8 in long x 2 ft 4 in wide at the W end, 1 ft 9 in at the E, and 2 ft 5 in deep. The sides were made of single stone slabs, the floor and top of several pieces. It lay E-W, with the skull and beaker in the SE corner. When Trechmann published this find in his "Prehistoric Burials" he added that there was no definite trace of a barrow.
Site Name
Clara Vale, cist burial with beaker
Site Type: Specific
Cist
HER Number
518
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 518 >> J. Graham, 1913,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3, V (for 1911-12), pp. 18-19
C.T. Trechmann,1914, Prehistoric Burials in the County of Durham, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XI, pp. 132-4, and figs. 6-8
Museum of Antiquities, Notebooks of W.A. Cocks- Site 2
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 19 no. 3
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
01
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
412530
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SW 6
Northing
563170
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Bradley
Description
This possible but unproven barrow was first reported in 1952 in a letter from W.A. Cocks to the Ordnance Survey. It is round, flat-topped, without surrounding bank and ditch, 11.10 m in diameter and 1.50 m high, and has trees on it. It is situated low down in the dene of the Bradley Burn on the west side of the stream.
Site Type: Broad
Barrow
SITEDESC
This possible but unproven barrow was first reported in 1952 in a letter from W.A. Cocks to the O.S. It is round, flat-topped, without surrounding bank and ditch, 11.10 m diam and 1.50 m high, and has trees on it. It is situated low down in the dene of the Bradley Burn on the west side of the stream.
Site Name
Bradley Hall, possible barrow
Site Type: Specific
Round Barrow
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II
HER Number
517
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 517 >> Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, E.C. Waight, 1959, Possible Bronze Age Tumulus
R. Young, 1980, An Inventory of Barrows in Co. Durham, Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, p. 10 no. 45
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 19 no. 6
Museum of Antiquities, Notebooks of W.A. Cocks - Site 17
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
515, 516
DAY1
03
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
412230
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
01
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SW 1
Northing
563330
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Bradley
Description
A barrow was opened at Bradley Hall sometime before 1787 and reported in that year. It was found to contain "a square cavity, composed of stones set on edge, which enclosed the remains and ashes of the interred". Later reports describe a skeleton found within the supposed cist. The burial site is thought to have been built on or otherwise destroyed at a later date, perhaps by the construction of an icehouse in the late 18th century.
SITEASS
Having pointed out the developing nature of the evidence, (and for the details see Additional Information file), it seems best just to treat it at face value.
Site Type: Broad
Barrow
SITEDESC
A barrow "near Bradley Hall" was opened before 1787, the date of publication of Hutchinson's history (1), and found to contain "a square cavity, composed of stones set on edge, which enclosed the remains and ashes of the interred". In 1820 Surtees reported that the cist contained a skeleton(3); in 1856 the O.S. located the Bradley icehouse on the site of the tumulus(5), implying the latter's destruction, which was borne out by Greenwell recording that a large barrow had once existed at Bradley Hall(6). By 1880 the body had become a contracted inhumation(7), and in 1890 an anonymous writer reported that he had been told of the discovery of the cist by "the late Mr. Atkinson, surgeon, of Wylam...".(8)
Site Name
Bradley Hall, barrow.cist/inhumation
Site Type: Specific
Round Barrow
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II
HER Number
514
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 514 >> W. Hutchinson, History of...Durham, Vol. II, p. 552
R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II, p. 264
W. Greenwell, 1877, British Barrows, p. 442
Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham & Northumberland, 1880, Meetings, 1876-1897, Vol. II (for 1869-79), p. lxx
Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham & Northumberland, 1890, A Prae-Historic Cist Burial at Sacriston, Vol. III (for 1880-1889), pp. 183-4
W. Bourn, 1896 History of the Parish of Ryton p. 29
W. Page, ed. 1905, Early Man, Victoria County History, Durham, Vol. I, p. 208
R. Young, 1980, An Inventory of Barrows in Co. Durham, Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham & Northumberland, New series Vol. 5, p. 10 no. 46
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 19 no. 1
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
415100
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 NE 45
Northing
565100
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Prehistoric -1,000 000 to 43
Place
Ryton
Description
A flint scraper was found in 1931 near Ryton Ferry, presumably on the south side of the Tyne.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
A "rolled scraper" was found in 1931 near Ryton Ferry, presumably on the south side of the Tyne. Since it was published by Preston it is thought to be prehistoric.
Site Name
Ryton Ferry, flint scraper
Site Type: Specific
Scraper
HER Number
513
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 513 >> H. Preston 1932, Worked Flint Flakes etc. The Vasculum, XVIII, no. 1, p. 38
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 17 no. 15
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
415600
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MATERIAL
Bronze
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 NE 31
Northing
565100
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Ryton
Description
A bronze spearhead, with leaf-shaped blade, was found in a gravel bed opposite Ryton Willows in 1899, and exhibited by the Rev. Johnson Baily, rector of Ryton, at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle in June that year. Its length was given as 10 in (253 mm), max. width 2 in (51 mm), length of blade 7.5 in (190 mm) and there were said to be the remains of the wooden shaft in the socket.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
A bronze spearhead, with basal-looped leaf-shaped blade, was found in a gravel bed opposite Ryton Willows in 1899, and exhibited by the Rev. Johnson Baily, rector of Ryton, at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle in June that year. The "midrib has lozenge-shaped cross-section"(2) and there were remains of the wooden shaft in the socket. Length 10 in (253 mm), max. width 2 in (51 mm), length of blade 7.5 in (190 mm). Ryton Willows is a gorse-covered haugh, with its centre at the above grid ref. The findspot was perhaps at the edge of the Tyne, on the north side of the haugh.
Site Name
Ryton Willows, bronze spearhead
Site Type: Specific
Looped Spearhead
HER Number
512
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 512 >> Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1901, 2, IX (for 1899-1900), p. 48
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 16, and o. 18 fig. 3, no. 11
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
428700
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561900
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Heworth
Description
On 8 Feb. 1588 John Aubrey conveyed to Ralph Taylboys of Thornton esq. a close of 3 acres in Heworth called Katherine Close, given by Katherine Fawcett for the celebration of mass within the chapelry of Heworth. The chapelry comprised the township of Heworth, and was part of the parish of Jarrow. The chapel itself was taken down in 1821 and replaced, probably on the same site.
SITEASS
There is probably more documentary evidence available.
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
Surtees cites one original and one secondary source in support of the existence of a medieval chapel at Heworth. On 8 Feb. 1588 John Aubrey conveyed to Ralph Taylboys of Thornton esq. a close of 3 acres in Heworth called Katherine Close, sometime given by Katherine Fawcett for the celebration of mass for the souls of all the faithful departed within the chapelry of Heworth. And he quotes from the Randall MSS the names of the very few incumbents which occur - 1395, 1633. The chapelry comprised the township of Heworth, and was part of the parish of Jarrow. The chapel itself, "...a foundation not much inferior in antiquity to the parent church of Jarrow", was taken down in 1821 and replaced, probably on the same site. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Heworth chapel
Site Type: Specific
Chapel
HER Number
511
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 511 >> R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II, p. 83 and n.
W. Fordyce, (date unknown) History of...Durham, Vol. II, pp. 748-9
Archaeologia Aeliana, 1859, Chantry and Forfeited Lands in Yorkshire and Durham, 2, III, 21
J.R. Boyle, 1892, The County of Durham, 577
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
17
District
Gateshead
Easting
417680
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SE 15
Northing
562310
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Winlaton
Description
There does not seem to be any original source to support the existence of this supposed medieval chapel. Surtees in the 19th century is apparently the first to mention it, saying that St. Anne's Chapel in Winlaton had been destroyed in the rebellion of the earls in 1569, and was, in 1705, replaced on the same site by another. This in turn fell into decay and in 1816 a large schoolroom was built over it.
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
There does not seem to be any original source to support the existence of this supposed medieval chapel. Surtees is apparently the first to mention it, saying that St. Anne's Chapel in Winlaton had been destroyed in the rebellion of the earls in 1569, and was - in 1705 - replaced on the same site by another. This in turn fell into decay and in 1816 a large schoolroom was built over it. Dated C16th.
Site Name
Chapel of St. Anne
Site Type: Specific
Chapel
HER Number
510
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 510 >> R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II p. 273
W. Fordyce, (date unknown) History of...Durham, Vol. II, p. 673
E. Mackenzie & M. Ross, 1834, View of...Durham, Vol. I, p. 196
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 189, 2, V (for 1891-2), p. 46
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
508
DAY1
09
DAY2
17
District
Gateshead
Easting
413880
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NW
MATERIAL
Timber
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 NW 18
Northing
565480
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Iron Age -800 to 43
Place
Ryton
Description
In 1926-27 flooding of the Tyne scoured the south bank near Ryton, close to Clara Vale, revealing a wooden wheel some 150 yards west of the log-boat found in 1926. It lay on gravel, under 16 feet of alluvial sand and clay. The wheel had a hub 15.5 in long, with an external diameter of 5.75 in, swelling to 8.5 in at the centre where the 9 spokes were inserted. The spokes were 12.5 in long, and the diameter of the whole wheel was 38.75 in. The remains of an iron tyre were visible. The wheel, which could not be preserved intact, was suggested by Piggott as Roman or earlier in date, a product of the Pre-Roman Iron Age tradition.
SITEASS
The O.S. gives the same grid reference for this and 508 though they were found 150 yards apart. Miket allots the above grid ref to 508, though without saying why, and gives 509 NZ 1375 6550. Source 4: "fragments said to be from the tyre of an iron chariot wheel" EIA.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
In 1926-27 flooding of the Tyne scoured the S bank near Ryton (nearer Clara Vale) revealing a log-boat (SMR 508) in 1926, and in 1927, 150 yards farther west, a wooden wheel. It lay on gravel, under 16 feet of alluvial sand and clay. The wheel had a hub 15.5 in long, and cylindrical with an external diam of 5.75 in, swelling to 8.5 in at the centre where the 9 spokes were inserted. The spokes were 12.5 in long, and their outer ends were morticed into a felloe 2.5 in wide, the whole wheel having a diam of 38.75 in. The remains of an iron tyre were visible. The consistency of butter, it could not be preserved intact. Piggott suggested it was not later than Roman, and was a product of the Pre- Roman Iron Age tradition.
Site Name
River Tyne, wooden wheel
Site Type: Specific
Wheel
HER Number
509
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 509 >> O.G.S. Crawford, ed. 1927, Recent Events, Antiquity,I, p. 485
S. Piggott, 1949, A Wheel of Iron Age Type from Co. Durham, Proceedings Prehistoric Society, New series, Vol. XV p. 191 and pl. XXVI
W. Dodds, 1964, The Ryton dug-out canoe, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XLII, p. 285
D.J. Smith, 1966, Accessions to the Museum of Antiquities in 1957-1959, 1963 and 1964, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XLIV, p. 245
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 13 no. 3 and p. 119 pl. 1
SURVIVAL
1-19%
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Maritime Craft
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
509
DAY1
09
DAY2
17
District
Gateshead
Easting
413880
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NW
MATERIAL
Timber
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 NW 16
Northing
565480
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Iron Age -800 to 43
Place
Ryton
Description
After the Tyne had been in flood and scoured the south bank near Ryton and Clara Vale in October 1926 a log-boat was found on a gravel layer beneath 16 feet of alluvial clay. It was flat-bottomed, had a bluntly pointed bow and a squared stern, and had been cut out of a single oak log. Its length was recorded as 9 feet 2in (2.75 m), its width 1 feet 10 in (63 cm), and draught originally 1 feet 6 in (46 cm) with 1 in (2.5 cm) thick sides. It was thought to be of Iron Age origin.
SITEASS
The O.S. quotes the above grid reference for both this and SMR 509, though they are said to have been found 150 yards apart. Miket adopts this grid ref. for this find, but alters it for 509 - the logic of this is not explained.
Site Type: Broad
Watercraft
SITEDESC
After the Tyne had been in flood and scoured the S bank near Clara Vale in October 1926 a log-boat was found on a gravel layer beneath 16 feet of alluvial clay. It was flat-bottomed, had a bluntly pointed bow and a squared stern, and had been cut out of a single oak log. Length 9 ft 2in (2.75 m), width 1 ft 10 in (63 cm), draught originally 1 ft 6 in (46 cm) with 1 in (2.5 cm) thick sides. Thought by Dodds to be Iron Age. Heslop suggests that the log boat survived because it was buried in the river bed when it was dry or reduced by seasonal drought and that it was a votive offering in the same tradition as the deposition of metal objects in the preceding Bronze Age.
Site Name
River Tyne, log-boat
Site Type: Specific
Watercraft
HER Number
508
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 508 >> Journal and North Star, 1926, 11.x.1926, p. 5, p. 7 col. 3
S. Piggott, 1949, A Wheel of Iron Age Type from Co. Durham, Proceedings Prehistoric Society, New series, Vol. XV, p. 191
W. Dodds, 1964, The Ryton dug-out canoe, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XLII, 285-8
D.J. Smith, 1966, Accessions to the Museum of Antiquities in 1957-1959, 1963 and 1964, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XLIV, 245
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, pp. 13-14 no. 2; D.H. Heslop, Newcastle and Gateshead before AD 1080 in Diana Newton and AJ Pollard, 2009, Newcastle and Gateshead before 1700, pages 1-22
YEAR1
1991
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
504,506,507
DAY1
09
DAY2
13
District
Gateshead
Easting
419000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SE 20
Northing
562000
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Axwell Park
Description
On March 11th 1763 workmen discovered an urn with a little dust in it inside a large stone coffin, in which was a skull with the teeth very fresh, and several large bones. It is not known in what part of the grounds the coffin was found, and it is uncertain what became of it. It is assumed that this was probably a prehistoric burial, probably dating to the bronze age (note HER no. 504, a possible barrow in the Park).
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
"In the year 1763, March 11th, as some men were digging in the park, they discovered an urn with a little dust in it, and by going further they found a large stone coffin, in which was a skull with the teeth very fresh, and several bones of a great size. It is not known in what part of the grounds the coffin was found, and it is uncertain what became of it". It is assumed that this was probably a prehistoric burial, the coffin a cist and the urn a BA vessel of some sort. Note SMR 504, a possible barrow in the Park.
Site Name
Axwell Park, inhumation
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
505
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 505 >> Newcastle Courant, 1763, 19.iii.1763
J. Sykes, 1833, Local Records, Vol. I, p. 240
W. Bourn, 1896, History of the Parish of Ryton, p. 174
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 26 no. 17