The two buildings contain elements of three former shops. The central part of nos. 52-53 is almost certainly a house shown on an 1827 plan of the site. The front part of the same building had been added by the middle of the 19th century. No. 55 was rebuilt, probably in the first half of the 20th century, in a utilitarian fashion. While the oldest building is likely to have begun its life as a house, these structures have been used as shops for most of the period between 1850 and the present day. Both buildings have been thoroughly gutted and little trace of their former use and internal arrangements remains to be seen. Recorded ahead of demolition in late 2016.
Site Type: Broad
Shop
SITEDESC
The two buildings contain elements of three former shops. The central part of nos. 52-53 is almost certainly a house shown on an 1827 plan of the site (not shown on 1817 plan). The front part of the same building had been added by the middle of the 19th century. No. 55 was rebuilt, probably in the first half of the 20th century, in a utilitarian fashion. While the oldest building is likely to have begun its life as a house, these structures have been used as shops for most of the period between 1850 and the present day.
No. 52
1847: James Newrick, grocer
1856: J. Brien, tailor and draper
1873: Mrs Isabella Thompson, game and poultry dealer
1890 & 1894: Fleming, Reid & Company, yarn manufacturers
No. 53
1847: William Warren Moffat, painter and glazier
1857: Thomas Thompson, veterinary surgeon
1890: Waterbury Watch Sales Company
1894: John Vose, confectioner
Nos. 52 & 53
1879: Robert Rutter, hatter
1897: Pickering & Pearce, grocers
1902: 52/53 John Lavey, oilcloth warehouse
1906 & 1914: Glebe Furnishing Company
1921: James Woodhouse & Sons, house furnishers
1925 & 1937: True-Form Boot Company Ltd, boot makers
No. 54
1847: John Carter, butcher
1856: L. Gibson, butcher
1858: Francis Burdon, butcher
1873: John Fairless, butcher
1879: Thomas Bostle, glass and china dealer
1890: Daniel Mitchell, house furnisher
1894: Askew & Porter, chemists
1897: Thomas Bendall, draper
1902 & 1906: Alexander Prosser, hatter
1914 & 1921: Suits Ltd, tailors
1925: Natco, tailors
1929: Norman Brooks Ltd, gents outfitters
1931-37: Brooks Ltd, hatters
No. 55
1847: Thomas Hunter & Company, grocer (also at no. 56)
1856: T. Thirkell, flour dealer
1858: George Ryder, flour dealer
1873, 1879, 1890: George Ryder, corn & flour merchant
1894 & 1897: Lockhart’s Cocoa Rooms
1902, 1906, 1921: Lockhart’s Ltd, cocoa rooms
1925 & 1937: Brough’s Ltd, grocers
Both buildings have been thoroughly gutted and little trace of their former use and internal arrangements remains to be seen. Recorded ahead of demolition in late 2016.
Site Name
52-55 High Street West
Site Type: Specific
Shop
HER Number
17547
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Archaeological Services Durham University, 2017, 52-55 High Street West, Sunderland - Building Recording
YEAR1
2017
English, British
Class
Education
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
21
District
S Tyneside
Easting
435780
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565070
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
South Shields
Description
19th century school. Externally the building, originally built to an H-plan, consisting of a central block set east-west, with cross wings at each end, survives well but there have been a series of extensions to the school in the later 20th century. Internally the whole school has been thoroughly remodelled in the late 20th century; the only earlier features exposed are in the eastern cross wing which remains divided into two class rooms which are open to the original roof, with collar-beam trusses. Recorded in 2015 ahead of demolition.
Site Type: Broad
School
SITEDESC
The school faces south-west, onto the former Whitehead Street; in the following account, for ease of description, this is taken as south. The building is built of brick, in a variety of colours and types, with a 20th-century red and brown artificial tile to the pitched roofs.
The original 1867 school was an H-plan building, single-storeyed, consisting of a central block set east-west, with cross wings at each end which only project slightly on the south but much further on the north. It is built in orange brick, in English Garden Wall Bond 1&5, with bands and dressings of light fawn brick giving a polychrome effect; there is a chamfered plinth, and above that three bands, the central one two bricks thick, the others a single course; at the eaves are a series of moulded corbels. Two courses below the plinth is a course of thin tiles with small piercings, to aid underfloor ventilation. The gables have stepped brick kneelers, but have lost their original copings. The gable ends of the cross wings have had groups of three broad stepped lancets, with surrounds of alternating moulded and square bricks, with cut ashlar used in the V-shaped blocks at their apex, and for their sills; above the windows in the south-facing gables are quatrefoil vents, now behind grilles. The best-preserved group of lancets is in the south end of the west wing, although a later window has replaced the lower part of the central one; in the south end of the east wing only the upper parts of the lancets remain above an added block. At the north end of the east wing the now-blocked lancets form recesses still visible internally. There are a pair of similar lancets near the south end of the west wall of the west wing; otherwise no original windows remain. The south wall of the main block originally had an entrance near each end (for boys to the west, girls to the east) and three central windows, flanked by two pairs, between, but the façade was been completely remodelled at least twice during the 20th century. A 1956 plan shows the old western entrance still extant, but the eastern one gone, with in between the original fenestration replaced by four broad windows. Subsequent alterations have produced the present range of six broad windows, with concrete lintels, a flat-roofed extension built out in front of the south end of the east wing, and another along its east side. The front wall of the block added to the south end of the old east wing has a recent panel with a coloured mosaic figure of the Virgin Mary. An east-west gabled block was added to the north end of the wing perhaps around 1900 (it is first shown on the c1910 OS map); this is in a brighter red brick, with windows (some now blocked) that have soldier lintels, and central slit vents in the rather shallow-pitched gables; its external walls are now largely covered by lower flat-roofed additions. There have been a whole series of extensions to the school in the later 20th century. A flat-roofed east-west block was added to the north of the old west wing, with a small link block between, both in orange brick in stretcher bond. The larger block served as a hall and chapel, having a small three-sided apse projecting on the east that houses an altar set on a raised platform of green artificial marble; externally the east wall of the apsidal projection is distinguished by a plain raised cross. Later and lower flat-roofed extensions adjoin the hall/chapel on the south (necessitating the blocking of some of its original windows) and at the east end of its north side. These lower extensions, which extend along the north side of the original central block, now completely enclose a small court, the walls around which have been painted green, with various subjects relating to gardens.
A final phase of extensions is dated by a metal plaque, just inside the present entrance, as being opened and dedicated by Bishop David (Jenkins) of Durham on 16th July 1987; the principal component of these is a rectangular block, with a tall hip-ended roof set north-south, linked by the present entrance lobby to the east side of the earlier building. This is quite a distinctive structure, with a central bay window on the south flanked by two embayments, all under roughcast lintels; the embayments have end walls with openings that are semi-circular at top and bottom. The block has boldly-overhanging eaves, and a steeply-gabled roof-light astride its ridge, a feature again seen on a smaller block, perhaps contemporary, to the south-east of the hall/chapel. Internally the whole school has been thoroughly remodelled in the late 20th century; the only earlier features exposed are in the eastern cross wing which remains divided into two class rooms which are open to the original roof, which has been of seven bays, with collar-beam trusses (stabilised by iron tie bars); the common rafters also have collars at the same level, on which the ceiling is under-drawn. In the hall/chapel the altar recess on the east (which is closed by a vertically-sliding metal shutter) has a painted circular panel with the Virgin and Child above, and a plain wooden altar incorporating an older (?) stone slab, cracked, with five incised consecration crosses.
In the side wall of a passage in the east wall of the old west wing is a Gothic-arched panel, probably taken from one of the original entrances, with an incised design consisting of a central equal-armed cross, each arm lozenge-shaped, and the date ‘A.D. 1867’. Recorded in 2015 ahead of demolition.
Site Name
St. Mary's School
Site Type: Specific
School
HER Number
17546
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd. 2015, St.Mary's School, South Shields - Building Recording
YEAR1
2016
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
S Tyneside
Easting
434930
EASTING2
3491
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Cultivated
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MATERIAL
Basalt, Dolerite, stone
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
560510
NORTHING2
6031
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
West Boldon
Description
Two stone axes were found by a member of the public in fields east of Downhill Quarry and north-west of Nanny Cow Hill, where a barrow was located. The axes were identified as being Neolithic in date by Dr Rob Young on 1 November 2016. One is black and is probably basalt or dolerite. The other is green and is probably Group VI rock from the Lake District. The green axe has been damaged by the plough. The axes have been retained by the finder.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Two stone axes were found by a member of the public in fields east of Downhill Quarry and north-west of Nanny Cow Hill, where a barrow was located. The axes were identified as being Neolithic in date by Dr Rob Young on 1 November 2016. One is black and is probably basalt or dolerite. The other is green and is probably Group VI rock from the Lake District. The green axe has been damaged by the plough. The axes have been retained by the finder.
Site Name
Boldon Hills, two stone axes
Site Type: Specific
Axe
HER Number
17545
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
Personal comment, Dr Rob Young, 1 November 2016; Clough, T.H.McK. and Cummins, W. (eds) 1979 Stone Axe Studies. CBA Research Report No. 23, London: Council for British Archaeology; Clough, T.H.McK. and Cummins, W. (eds) 1988 Stone Axe Studies Volume 2. CBA Research Report No. 67, London: Council for British Archaeology; Claris, P. and Quartermaine, J. 1989 'The Neolithic quarries and axe-factory sites of Great Langdale and Scafell Pike: a new field survey', Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 55, 1-25; Edmonds M, 1995, Stone Tools and Society. London, Batsford; Edmonds M, 2004, The Langdales: Landscape and Prehistory in a Lakeland Valley. Stroud, Tempus; Edmonds, M. R., & Bradley, R. (1993). Interpreting the Axe trade :Production and exchange in Neolithic Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Young, R, 1994 'Polished stone axes between the Tyne and the Tees', Durham Archaeological Journal 10, 1-12
YEAR1
2016
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Claire MacRae
Crossref
2146
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
431500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566400
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Wallsend
Description
Point Pleasant Station. Opening date uncertain. A limited number of workmen's trains called at the station by 1898. Its humble origins were reflected in the simple wooden shelters which survived until the 1960s. Goods facilities closed 11th July 1966 and closed to passengers 23rd July 1973. Goods trains used the line until 1987. Demolished now under housing. The platforms were linked by a footbridge - a standard NER iron lattice design. A timber shed contained the waiting room and booking office. The opposite platform contained an open waiting shelter with a slanting roof. Despite its meagre facilities it was one of the busier stations on the branch.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Point Pleasant Station. Opening date uncertain. A limited number of workmen's trains called at the station by 1898. Its humble origins were reflected in the simple wooden shelters which survived until the 1960s. Goods facilities closed 11th July 1966 and closed to passengers 23rd July 1973. Goods trains used the line until 1987. Demolished now under housing. The platforms were linked by a footbridge - a standard NER iron lattice design. A timber shed contained the waiting room and booking office. The opposite platform contained an open waiting shelter with a slanting roof. Despite its meagre facilities it was one of the busier stations on the branch.
St Anthony's Station on the North Eastern Railway's Newcastle and Tynemouth Riverside Branch. Opened May 1st 1879. Closed to goods 31st Oct 1966 and to passengers 12th September 1960. Demolished 1963. The line continued to be used for goods until 1987. A cycleway and footpath follow the course of the Riverside branch through the site of the station utilising an original skew stone bridge to the SE of the station. The station was single storey brick structure in H-plan. It had a subway connecting the 2 platforms. The station buildings at St Peters, St Anthony's, Walker and Willington Quay were all the same H-plan structure with a cantilevered platform awning embraced by cross wings. Designed by Benjamin Burleigh.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
St Anthony's Station on the North Eastern Railway's Newcastle and Tynemouth Riverside Branch. Opened May 1st 1879. Closed to goods 31st Oct 1966 and to passengers 12th September 1960. Demolished 1963. The line continued to be used for goods until 1987. A cycleway and footpath follow the course of the Riverside branch through the site of the station utilising an original skew stone bridge to the SE of the station. The station was single storey brick structure in H-plan. It had a subway connecting the 2 platforms. The station buildings at St Peters, St Anthony's, Walker and Willington Quay were all the same H-plan structure with a cantilevered platform awning embraced by cross wings. Designed by Benjamin Burleigh.
Byker station. Opened for workmen 1884 and running timetabled services from 1st March 1901. Demolished and cutting infilled - now Morrisons car park. The station was basic and consisted of a waiting shelter on each platform and a small booking office. A footbridge connected the platforms. Referred to as Byker Platform prior to opening to general passenger traffic. Passenger use was limited due to the proximity of the superior Heaton Station. Byker station closed 5th April 1954. By 1989 only the platforms remained. The site was landfilled and redeveloped as a car park in 2002.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Byker station. Opened for workmen 1884 and running timetabled services from 1st March 1901. Demolished and cutting infilled - now Morrisons car park. The station was basic and consisted of a waiting shelter on each platform and a small booking office. A footbridge connected the platforms. Referred to as Byker Platform prior to opening to general passenger traffic. Passenger use was limited due to the proximity of the superior Heaton Station. Byker station closed 5th April 1954. By 1989 only the platforms remained. The site was landfilled and redeveloped as a car park in 2002.
A tunnel was uncovered by workmen at the quarry 31st August 2016. It contained wooden props and roof support. On September 5th , after further excavation, access was granted. The tunnel ran roughly from NZ40626414 towards the coastline for approximatley 40m - at this point it was blocked off. It probably started 10m further north from the entrance point available as redundant support posts were noted in the quarry face. The tunnel measured approx 2m in height which reduced to 1.6m at the eastern end. Where it runs beneath the line of the former Marsden railway a reinforced concrete and iron archway (13cm thick) was noted. At this point the arch measured 1.8m from outer edge to outer edge and 1.39m from the outer edge at the top to the ground. After the archway the tunnel narrowed and turned off towards the right - no further access was possible. The height at this point was difficult to ascertain as there was a very thick layer of mud on the floor. The whole tunnel (up to the point of the archway) was supported by upright wooden beams with a beam across the roof joining them. The beams were approx.1.10m apart - this grew wider when the tunnel changed direction. Finds - remains of a pulley, a possible coupling plate?, a glass bottle and tin can. It is possible that this tunnel was running towards other quarries to the SE before running to shore.
Site Type: Broad
Transport Tunnel
SITEDESC
A tunnel was uncovered by workmen at the quarry 31st August 2016. It contained wooden props and roof support. On September 5th, after further excavation, access was granted. The tunnel ran roughly from NZ40626414 towards the coastline for approximately 40m - at this point it was blocked off. It probably started 10m further north from the entrance point available as redundant support posts were noted in the quarry face. The tunnel measured approx. 2m in height which reduced to 1.6m at the eastern end. Where it runs beneath the line of the former Marsden railway a reinforced concrete and iron archway (13cm thick) was noted. At this point the arch measured 1.8m from outer edge to outer edge and 1.39m from the outer edge at the top to the ground. After the archway the tunnel narrowed and turned off towards the right - no further access was possible. The height at this point was difficult to ascertain as there was a very thick layer of mud on the floor. The whole tunnel (up to the point of the archway) was supported by upright wooden beams with a beam across the roof joining them. The beams were approx.1.10m apart - this grew wider when the tunnel changed direction. Finds - remains of a pulley, a possible coupling plate?, a glass bottle and tin can. It is possible that this tunnel was running towards other quarries to the SE before running to shore.
Site Name
Marsden, limestone quarry, tunnel
Site Type: Specific
Transport Tunnel
HER Number
17541
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
YEAR1
2016
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
436480
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
545430
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Prehistoric -1,000 000 to 43
Place
Easington Lane
Description
Possible ditched enclosures identified during geophysical survey at White Hill Woods. A large, 65m diameter, sub-circular enclosure was identified within a possible rectilinear enclosure, though the chronological relationship between the two is not known. The rectilinear enclosure appears to be defined by a double-ditch. Both enclosures appear to extend northwards beyond the limit of the survey area. It has not been possible to identify associated features within the enclosure, but this may be due to the overlying anomalies associated with later ploughing of the site; such features could lie undetected beneath the ploughsoil.
Site Type: Broad
Enclosure
SITEDESC
Possible ditched enclosures identified during geophysical survey at White Hill Woods. A large, 65m diameter, sub-circular enclosure was identified within a possible rectilinear enclosure, though the chronological relationship between the two is not known. The rectilinear enclosure appears to be defined by a double-ditch. Both enclosures appear to extend northwards beyond the limit of the survey area. It has not been possible to identify associated features within the enclosure, but this may be due to the overlying anomalies associated with later ploughing of the site; such features could lie undetected beneath the ploughsoil.
Site Name
White Hill Woods, enclosure
Site Type: Specific
Ditched Enclosure
HER Number
17540
Form of Evidence
Implied Evidence
Sources
White Hill Woods, Easington Lane - Geophysical Survey
YEAR1
2016
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Claire MacRae
COMP2
Sophie Laidler
DAY1
22
DAY2
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
415640
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563500
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Ryton
Description
Square-ditched enclosure representing a prehistoric funerary monument commonly referred to as a barrow. Prehistoric pottery and fragments of burnt bone were located in a central pit during an evaluation on the site in 2016. A gully traced as a geophysical feature respected the barrow running NNE-SSW to either side of the enclosure.
In 2019 a subsequent archaeological strip, map and record was conducted. The excavations further revealed a ring ditch from a Middle Bronze Age round barrow and a central pit which contained cremated bone, four pottery sherds and a fragment of daub providing evidence of funeral practices from the Middle and Late Bronze Age. Two gullies were also excavated, these appear to incorporate the barrow within a later prehistoric field boundary.
Site Type: Broad
Barrow
SITEDESC
Square-ditched enclosure representing a prehistoric funerary monument commonly referred to as a barrow. Prehistoric pottery and fragments of burnt bone were located in a central pit during an evaluation on the site in 2016. A gully traced as a geophysical feature respected the barrow running NNE-SSW to either side of the enclosure.
In 2019 a subsequent archaeological strip and record was conducted. The excavations further revealed a ring ditch from a Middle Bronze Age round barrow and a central pit which contained cremated bone radiocarbon dated to 1408-1266 cal BC providing evidence of funeral practices from the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The sub-circular ring ditch was 6.18m in diameter, 1.38-0.90m in width and 0.53-0.58m in depth. Environmental samples from the fill contained charcoal, cinder, coal and charred plant macrofossils. The central sub-circular pit had a flat base and measured 1.06m x 0.96m and had a depth of 0.58m. The fill contained sandstone fragments, pebbles and larger cobbles towards the base while the upper fill of the pit contained 21.9g of calcined human bone of an adult or adolescent, four sherd of undiagnostic pottery and one daub fragment. Two gullies appear to incorporate the barrow within a later prehistoric field boundary (1127-993 cal BC). The first gully was orientated in a NNE-SSW direction and measured 42.5m x 1.02m with a depth of 0.23m and the second was aligned E-W measuring 22.9m x 1.02m with a depth of 0.23m. This ditch narrowed to 0.48m with a depth of 0.08m towards the eastern end.
Site Name
Cushy Cow Lane, round barrow
Site Type: Specific
Round Barrow
HER Number
17539
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
AD Archaeology, 2015, Cushy Cow Lane, Ryton, Gateshead - Archaeological Geophysical Survey; AD Archaeology, 2016, Land at Cushy Cow Lane, Ryton - Archaeological Evaluation; AD Archaeology, 2019. Cushy Lane, Ryton, Gateshead: Archaeological Strip and Record
YEAR1
2016
YEAR2
2019
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
15
District
N Tyneside
Easting
432560
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570660
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Murton
Description
Philadelphia shown on Shiremoor Enclosure Plan 1790. Not shown on Ordnance Survey plans after 1898. Possibly a farm?
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Philadelphia shown on Shiremoor Enclosure Plan 1790. Not shown on Ordnance Survey plans after 1898. Possibly a farm?