A cock-fighting competition or "Gentlemen Trademen's Main" was held at the old Turk's Head in Newcastle in April 1798, and another for unqualified tradesmen in March 1814. In the Durham County Advertiser of 14 January 1815 there is a notice that during the week commencing 13 February the fighting at Mr. Bull's pit in Newcastle (ie The Turk's Head) would be postponed until 27 February due to fighting in Durham that week. There were as many as eight different cock-fighting pits advertising in the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle in the eighteenth century and there were probably others who did not advertise. Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
A cock-fighting competition for the upper classes or a "Gentlemen Trademen's Main" was held at the old Turk's Head in Newcastle in April 1798, another for "Gentlemen's Suscription Mains" in 1809, and another for unqualified tradesmen in March 1814. In the Durham County Advertiser of 14 January 1815 there is a notice that during the week commencing 13 February the fighting at Mr. Bull's pit in Newcastle (ie The Turk's Head) would be postponed until 27 February due to fighting in Durham that week. There were as many as eight different cock-fighting pits advertising in the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle in the eighteenth century and there were probably others who did not advertise.
Site Name
Bigg Market, Turk's Head, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6919
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports; Frank Graham, 1976, Historic Newcastle, page 20
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
16
DAY2
20
District
Newcastle
Easting
24
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
64
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
Cock-fighting was made illegal by The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849. Some cock pits fought on illegally however - the Gallowgate pit in Newcastle was said to have been the last active pit in England, surviving until a police rais in 1874. Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
The cock fighting season ran from Christmas to July. Later important 'mains' coincided with Newcastle Race Week. Cock fighting was the first sport to be organised along county lines with prearranged fixtures and a set of laws. During a typical Race Week, a thousand birds might fight. Prizes ranged from sheep or pigs to 500 guineas. In Newcastle the last known advertisement for a cockfight during the races is dated 1821. Pierce Egan's 'Book of Sports' dated 1832 claimed that Newcastle could 'challenge all the world for cocking'. In 1835 the sport was made a misdemeanour. It was finally made illegal by The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849. Some cock pits fought on illegally however - the Gallowgate pit in Newcastle was said to have been the last active pit in England, surviving until a police raid in 1874. Even then there is evidence that cockfighting continued into the 20th century.
Site Name
Gallowgate, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6918
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports; Pearson, Lynn, 2010, Played in Tyne and Wear - Charting the heritage of people at play, p 11, 128-129
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4161
DAY1
11
District
Newcastle
Easting
2772
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6481
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Lawson Main Colliery is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition of 1850, with the buildings and shaft more clearly marked on the second edition of 1890. An archaeological evaluation in September 2004 demonstrated that the foundations of the colliery buildingssurvive just below the turf. Sandstone and brick walls and piers, a brick platform and a floor surface made of compacted coal were recorded. Above this was a yard surface lying on a bed of large sandstone slabs. The proposed development will be archaeologically monitored.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Lawson Main Colliery is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition of 1850, with the buildings and shaft more clearly marked on the second edition of 1890. An archaeological evaluation in September 2004 demonstrated that the foundations of the colliery buildings survive just below the turf. Sandstone and brick walls and piers, a brick platform and a floor surface made of compacted coal were recorded. Above this was a yard surface lying on a bed of large sandstone slabs. The proposed development will be archaeologically monitored.
Site Name
Lawson Main Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
6917
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map, 1850; Tyne and Wear Museums, 2004, Newcastle Retail Park Phase 2 - An Archaeological Evaluation
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
11
District
Newcastle
Easting
2186
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6409
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Benwell
Description
The Majestic Theatre opened on October 23rd 1927. Demolished in 2004.
SITEASS
Demolished in 2004.
Site Type: Broad
Music Speech and Dance Venue
SITEDESC
The Majestic Theatre opened on October 23rd 1927 with the comedy revue "Off the Dole". Its owner, John Graham also owned the Grand Theatre over the road. Designs had been submitted for the new theatre by architects Dixon and Bell in 1926. From 1930 to 1961 the Majestic was used as a cinema. From 1961 it was the Alpha Bingo Club. The theatre was a long rectangular brick building with its main entrance onto Condercum Road. The façade was of classical form, with horizontal bands of rusticated "masonry" actually in rendered brick. There was a fly tower above the stage. The west face was subdivided by vertical bands of brickwork. Most windows were round-headed. The grandest of three doors, the entrance to the circle, sat below a double-pitch roofed porch. The doors were of panelled bronze decorated with actor's masks of the Classical Greek theatre. The adjacent doors to the pit had a mono-pitch porch. There were exit doors for the circle and doors to the stalls. Inside the theatre was decorated in a florid classical style in a luxurious deep red, gold and black colour scheme. It had a vaulted ceiling and gilded ornamentation on the proscenium arch. Ornately decorated stairs led from entrance hall to the circle.
Site Name
Condercum Road, Majestic Theatre
Site Type: Specific
Theatre
HER Number
6916
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Alan Williams Archaeology, 2004, The Majestic Theatre and Cinema - Photographic Recording; F. Manders, 1991, Cinemas of Newcastle: A Comprehensive History of the Cinemas of Newcastle upon Tyne, pages 99-100
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6498, 1501
DAY1
11
DAY2
30
District
Newcastle
Easting
2488
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6420
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
An imposing four-storey property with former warehousing to the rear. Red brick with sandstone detail on the façade. Building control plans of 1866 show that No. 37 was known as "High Bridge Works". Ward's trade directory of 1881 records that No. 31 was occupied by G. Nicholson, Hatter, No. 35 was occupied by T. Rodham and Co, ale and porter merchants and No. 37 was occupied by E. Wallace, fitter, W. Watson, storekeeper and H. Watson and Sons, engineers. Goad's insurance plan of 1899 shows that Watson's still occupied Nos. 35 and 37, but the printing firm, H. Ward and Sons owned the rest of the buildings, with machine rooms at the rear, and offices in the frontage building. By 1902 Wards also occupied No. 35 and No. 37 had changed hands six times (including Travers and Sons Limited, tea merchants and Svendsen and Co. importers. The rear elevation of the frontage building is in white tiled brick. To the rear of Nos. 35 and 39 is a small open yard. No. 37 is a substantial four-storey warehouse, in white tiled brick. The exteriors of the main building date from the early C20. The façade of the Grade 2 listed Ward's Building dates from 1903. It was designed by James Cackett and Robert Burns-Dick. It is a handsome Art Nouveau commercial building in red brick with ashlar detailing. It has four storeys plus basement and attic with a double panelled doorway. In an elaborate stone surround. On either side are modern shopfronts. There are four columns of ashlar bay windows on floors 1-3, topped by curved ashlar gables. Slate roof with decorative chimney stacks. Rear elevation is white tiled brick. No. 37 is also of 4 storeys, the main elevations in white tiled brick, contemporary with the rear elevation of the Ward's Building. LISTED GRADE 2 William Armstrong built a rotary engine powered by water at his friend Henry Watson's High Bridge Works in 1838.
SITEASS
No. 31 is now a fashion shop, No. 33 is offices, No. 35 is a shop and No. 39 is a hairdressers. There is an alley to the side of No. 39. The lower floors of No. 37 are currently [2004] occupied by a snooker hall and the upper floors the Waygood Gallery. The complex is basemented throughout.
Site Type: Broad
Business Centre
SITEDESC
An imposing four-storey property with former warehousing to the rear. Red brick with sandstone detail on the façade. Building control plans of 1866 show that No. 37 was known as "High Bridge Works". Ward's trade directory of 1881 records that No. 31 was occupied by G. Nicholson, Hatter, No. 35 was occupied by T. Rodham and Co, ale and porter merchants and No. 37 was occupied by E. Wallace, fitter, W. Watson, storekeeper and H. Watson and Sons, engineers. Goad's insurance plan of 1899 shows that Watson's still occupied Nos. 35 and 37, but the printing firm, H. Ward and Sons owned the rest of the buildings, with machine rooms at the rear, and offices in the frontage building. By 1902 Wards also occupied No. 35 and No. 37 had changed hands six times (including Travers and Sons Limited, tea merchants and Svendsen and Co. importers. The rear elevation of the frontage building is in white tiled brick. To the rear of Nos. 35 and 39 is a small open yard. No. 37 is a substantial four-storey warehouse, in white tiled brick. The exteriors of the main building date from the early C20. The façade of the Grade 2 listed Ward's Building dates from 1903. It was designed by James Cackett and Robert Burns-Dick. It is a handsome Art Nouveau commercial building in red brick with ashlar detailing. It has four storeys plus basement and attic with a double panelled doorway. In an elaborate stone surround. On either side are modern shopfronts. There are four columns of ashlar bay windows on floors 1-3, topped by curved ashlar gables. Slate roof with decorative chimney stacks. Rear elevation is white tiled brick. No. 37 is also of 4 storeys, the main elevations in white tiled brick, contemporary with the rear elevation of the Ward's Building. McCombie - skilfully designed for the narrow street. Bright red brick, sandstone top floor and full-height bays, slate-hung mansard roof; some original shopfronts. William Armstrong built a rotary engine powered by water at his friend Henry Watson's High Bridge Works in 1838. The Watson company included plumbers, brass founders, bell founders, instrument makers, vehicle engineers and inventors. In 1836 Richard Grainger wrote to Robert Watson when he tried to buy the site to shut it down. In 1873 plans for new buildings were drawn up.
Site Name
31-39 High Bridge, Ward's Building
Site Type: Specific
Business Centre
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
6915
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Pre-Construct Archaeology, 2004, An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment: 31-39 High Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne; Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest 20/616; Grace McCombie, 2009, Newcastle and Gateshead - Pevsner Architectural Guide, p 141; plaque on Nos. 41-51 High Bridge; North Pennies Archaeology Ltd. 2008, Waywood Gallery 31-37 High Bridge - Archaeological Watching Brief
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
245
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
621
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Bensham
Description
Opened before 1743. There was an explosion in 1710 which killed up to 80 people.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Opened before 1743. There was an explosion in 1710 which killed up to 80 people.
Site Name
Bensham Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
6914
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
http://www.dmm.org.uk
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6911
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
1695
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5926
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Rowland's Gill
Description
Shown on Ordnance survey third edition map of 1919.
Site Type: Broad
Fuel Production Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey Survey third edition.
Site Name
Rowland's Gill, Coke Ovens
Site Type: Specific
Coke Oven
HER Number
6913
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Third edition Ordnance Survey map 1919
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6911
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
1673
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5931
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Rowland's Gill
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey Survey second edition. Opened in 1877 by Joseph Cowen & Co. Later owned by Priestman Collieries Ltd until 1947 when the National Coal Board took over. Closed on 6 January 1957.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition. Opened in 1877 by Joseph Cowen & Co. Later owned by Priestman Collieries Ltd until 1947 when the National Coal Board took over. Closed on 6 January 1957.Whellan reports that in 1894 there were 100 men working the Brockwell seam.
Site Name
Rowland's Gill, Lilley Drift
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
6912
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance survey second edition map of 1890; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; Tyne and Wear Archives DP.PM/2/3 Lilley Drift Colliery 1951; NCP33/box25/16; DP.PM/2/10 Priestman Collieries Ltd; DT.PM/1/2 Priestman Valuation Papers
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6908,6909,6910,5140,6913
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
1660
EASTING2
1690
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
5957
NORTHING2
5917
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Rowland's Gill
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey Survey third edition. Links Alice Drift, air shaft, Barlowfield Drift, Lilley Drift Mine, Lilley Brickworks, cokeworks to the Derwent Valley Railway. Part of the route is still visible.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey Survey third edition. Links Alice Drift, air shaft, Barlowfield Drift, Lilley Drift Mine, Lilley Brickworks, cokeworks to the Derwent Valley Railway. Part of the route is still visible.
Site Name
Rowland's Gill, wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
6911
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Third edition Ordnance Survey map 1919
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6908, 6909, 6911
DAY1
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
1660
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5957
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Rowland's Gill
Description
Shown on Ordnance survey third edition map of 1919.