Pallion Station sits on the North Eastern Railway, Penshaw Branch (HER ref. 2659).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Pallion Station on the North Eastern Railway Penshaw Branch, (SMR 2659).
Site Name
Pallion, Railway Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
2788
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2788 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
437860
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557770
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
Lime Kilns are shown the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, on which they are marked as ‘Old’, so were probably out of use by 1855. The precise number of these kilns is unclear, but they may have been associated with a nearby quarry (HER ref. 2786).
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Lime Kilns, the number of which is unclear from the 1st edition OS mapping, on which they are marked as Old, so were probably out of use by 1855. These kilns may have been associated with a nearby quarry, (SMR 2786).
Site Name
Pallion, Lime Kilns
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
HER Number
2787
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2787 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
437730
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557680
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
A Quarry is shown on this site, marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so probably out of use by 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so probably out of use by 1855.
Site Name
Pallion, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
2786
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2786 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
437660
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557620
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
A Brick and Tile Yard, including a boiler is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Brick and Tile Yard, including a boiler on the 1st edition OS mapping. 1897 Pallion Machine Brick Company, Norfolk Street, Sunderland
1921 Pallion brickworks
(Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 155, 157 site 20)
Site Name
Pallion, brick and tile yard
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
2785
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2785 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
437770
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557800
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Saw Mill on this site.
SITEASS
Saw mills replaced saw pits, and were water powered at first. Mechanised sawing was by frame saws which imitated the action of the old sawpit using straight rip saws. Later circular saws came into use (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Saw Mill.
Site Name
Pallion, Saw Mill
Site Type: Specific
Saw Mill
HER Number
2784
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2784 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
437680
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Saw pit on this site.
SITEASS
The place where tree trunks were sawn into planks by hand. A saw pit comprised a rectangular pit about 6-8 feet deep, over which the trunk could be laid horizontally. Sawing was by a long sawblade with a cross handle at each end, with the pitman standing in the pit below the log and the sawyer standing above. The saw was moved up and down, the top man guiding it and the pitman cutting by pulling on the downstroke. Sawpits were replaced by saw mills (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Saw pit.
Site Name
Pallion, Saw Pit
Site Type: Specific
Saw Pit
HER Number
2783
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2783 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2782
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
437560
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558030
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
Saw Mills, adjacent to shipyard, (HER ref. 2781), with which it may have been associated.
SITEASS
Saw mills replaced saw pits, and were water powered at first. Mechanised sawing was by frame saws which imitated the action of the old sawpit using straight rip saws. Later circular saws came into use (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Saw Mills, adjacent to shipyard, (SMR 2781), with which it may have been associated.
Site Name
Pallion, Saw Mills
Site Type: Specific
Saw Mill
HER Number
2782
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2782 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
DAY2
07
District
Sunderland
Easting
437360
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558060
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
A line of ten shipyards is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan on the south bank of the River Wear at Pallion, occupying an area of marginal river strand and mudflat. It is uncertain when they were established on the site. The yards appear to have been very simple and contained only cranes, saw pits and a few structures, probably smithies and storehouses. A rectilinear tidal dock in the centre of the area served two saw mills which, in turn, presumably served the shipyards. By the time of the Second Edition Ordnance Survey map in 1898, the yards had been rationalised into two discrete yards. No evidence for these early shipyards survives.
SITEASS
No evidence for the early shipyards survives.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
A line of ten shipyards is shown on the First Edition Ordnance Survey on the south bank of the River Wear at Pallion occupying an area of marginal river strand and mudflat. It is uncertain when they were established on the site. As shown on the First Edition Survey, the yards are very simple and contain only cranes, saw pits and a few structures, probably smithies and storehouses. By the time of the Second Edition Survey in 1898, the yards had been rationalised into two discrete yards.
Map Evidence
First Edition Twenty Five Inches to One Mile Ordnance Survey 1855, Sheet VIII.9
Ten timber shipbuilding yards lie to the north, or in the vicinity, of Pallion Hall on the southern bank of the Wear. Most of the yards lie on land reclaimed from mudbanks along the river’s edge. A rectilinear tidal dock in the centre of the area served two saw mills. In turn, the mills presumably both served the shipyards. Other buildings within the yards, although not named, are probably smithies and stores. All the yards have at least one crane, the largest has four {2}.
Site Name
Pallion Hall Timber Shipbuilding Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
2781
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2781 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record; Entec UK Ltd, 2009, Sunderland Strategic Transport Corridor - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
436960
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557960
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
A Boiler is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but its function is obscure.
Site Type: Broad
Machinery
SITEDESC
A Boiler. This has a unclear function on the 1st edition OS mapping.
Site Name
Pallion, Boiler
Site Type: Specific
Machinery
HER Number
2780
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2780 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
436690
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557920
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Pallion
Description
A Boiler, close to the River Wear is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but its function is obscure.
Site Type: Broad
Machinery
SITEDESC
A Boiler, close to the River Wear. This has a unclear function on the 1st edition OS mapping.
Site Name
Pallion, Boiler
Site Type: Specific
Machinery
HER Number
2779
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2779 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 8