English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
431220
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565100
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
This brickworks is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is marked as ‘Disused’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was in use sometime in the period 1855-1895.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Brickworks, marked as Disused on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895, also not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so built after 1855. Disused in 1894. Manufacturer in 1884 was Broomhead and Keswick.
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 120, 122 site 15.
Site Name
Hebburn Quay Brickworks
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
2513
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2513 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2231,2509
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
431280
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565240
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
This railway spur with sidings, built in the second half of the 19th century, connected the North Eastern Railway, Newcastle and South Shields Branch (HER ref. 2509) to the Hebburn Colliery C Pit Wagonway (HER ref. 2231).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Railway spur with sidings. This was not shown on the 1st edition OS map, so was built after 1855. It connected the North Eastern Railway, Newcastle and South Shields Branch (SMR 2509) to the Hebburn Colliery C Pit Wagonway (SMR 2231).
Site Name
Hebburn, Railway Spur
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
2512
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2512 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430840
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565410
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
Hebburn Boiler Works is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was built after 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Engineering Industry Site
SITEDESC
Hebburn Boiler Works. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1855.
Site Name
Hebburn Boiler Works
Site Type: Specific
Boiler Works
HER Number
2511
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2511 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
10
DAY2
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430770
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565640
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
In 1885, Robert Stephenson took over a disused shipbuilding yard on the elbow of the River Tyne at Hebburn. The yard had a river frontage of 800 feet and five building berths within a total area of 17 acres. In 1888 a boiler shop was erected on the site and a shear-legs capable of lifting 100 tons set up. A large graving dock, 700 feet long, 90 feet wide and 29 feet deep at the entrance was added in the early 1900s. The Hebburn Yard did not prove successful, however, and in 1912 became part of Palmers Hebburn Co. Ltd. With Palmer's collapse in 1932, the yard was again closed, but re-opened in 1934 as part of Vickers Armstrong, as a ship repairing yard. During the Second World War, the yard was heavily involved in the repair of warships. Following closure in 1970 the yard was merged with Swan Hunter in 1972.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
In 1885, Robert Stephenson took over a disused shipbuilding yard on the elbow of the River Tyne at Hebburn, previously owned by McIntire and Co. Ltd. (This last yard was set up in 1883 and had produced only 4 ships before its closure in October 1884) initially to build and repair ships. The yard had a river frontage of 800 feet and five building berths within a total area of 17 acres. In 1888 a boiler shop was erected on the site and a shear-legs capable of lifting 100 tons set up. After much planning and deliberation, a large graving dock was also eventually constructed in the yard in the early 1900s. This was 700 feet long, 90 feet wide and had a 29 feet depth of water at the entrance. The dock was designed by Thomas Meik and Sons and built by Robert McAlpine. It was, at the time, one of only three similarly sized docks in Britain. The Hebburn Yard did not prove successful, and it went into receivership in a general depression in 1908. In 1912 the yard was subsumed within Palmer's shipbuilding and ironworking enterprise as Palmers Hebburn Co. Ltd. With Palmer's collapse in 1932, the yard was again closed, but re-opened in 1934 as part of Vickers Armstrong, as a ship repairing yard, after shipbuilding on the site had been curtailed following intervention by National Shipbuilders Securities Ltd. Vickers invested heavily in the yard, and by 1939 its reconstruction was largely complete. During the Second World War, the yard was heavily involved in the repair of warships.

A new graving dock was constructed in the late 1950s which was intended to take ships of up to 80,000 tons. However, the massive increase in the size of vessels at this time soon made the dock redundant for many types of ship and the yard was closed again in 1970. The yard was merged with Swan Hunter in 1972 and reorganised as part of a multiple shipyard complex {2}.
Site Name
Hebburn, Robert Stephenson and Co / Palmers Shipbuilding Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
2510
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2510 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2515
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
432180
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565280
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
The North Eastern Railway, Newcastle and South Shields Branch dates to the second half of the 19th century. It had a station at Hebburn (HER ref. 2515).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
North Eastern Railway, Newcastle and South Shields Branch. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1855. Had a stations at Hebburn (SMR 2515).
Site Name
NER, Newcastle and South Shields Branch
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
2509
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2509 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430770
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564730
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
This Rope Works is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was built after 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Rope Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Rope Works. These are not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so were built after 1855.
Site Name
Hebburn, Rope Works
Site Type: Specific
Ropery
HER Number
2508
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2508 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2225
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430260
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565260
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
This Lead Works is marked as ‘Disused’ on the 2nd editionOrdnance Survey plan and is not shown on the 1st edition, so was in use some time between 1855 and 1895. These works occupied part of the site of earlier Coke Ovens (HER ref. 2225).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Lead Works, marked as Disused on the 2nd edition mapping, and are not shown on 1st edition so in use at some time between 1855 and 1895. These works occupied part of the site of earlier Coke Ovens (SMR 2225).
Site Name
Hebburn, Lead Works
Site Type: Specific
Lead Works
HER Number
2507
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2507 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2224
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430190
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565150
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
The Portland Cement Works occupied part of the site of an earlier Blacking Manufactory (HER ref. 2224). It was not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so must have been built after 1855.
SITEASS
Cement is a calcinated mixture of lime and clay ground into a powder. When water is added it can be used for joining building materials together or for making concrete. Cement was known in Roman times. An underwater cement was devised by John Smeaton for Eddystone lighthouse in 1756. James Parker was granted a patent in 1796 for 'Roman' cement. Joseph Aspdin (1779-1855) of Leeds made the first artificial cement, called it Portland Cement and patented it in 1824. Louis Vicat of France determined the chemical formula for cement containing natural limestone in 1839. In 1844 Isaac Johnson discovered the modern method of making Portland cement and the use of concrete as a building material stems from this date. In 1854 reinforced concrete was developed to overcome the weakness of cement (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AJ Francis, 1977, The Cement Industry 1796-1914: a history, PE Halstead, 1961-2, The early history of Portland Cement, Newcomen Society Transactions 34 (1961-2), 37).
Site Type: Broad
Cement Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Portland Cement Works, which occupied part of the site of an earlier Blacking Manufactory, (SMR 2224). It was not shown on 1st edition OS mapping and must have been built after 1855.
Site Name
Portland Cement Works
Site Type: Specific
Cement Works
HER Number
2506
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2506 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
10
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430130
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565030
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
This Timber Pond is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was built after 1855.
Site Type: Broad
Pond
SITEDESC
Timber Pond. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1855.
Site Name
Hebburn, Timber Pond
Site Type: Specific
Timber Pond
HER Number
2505
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2505 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
10
DAY2
25
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430090
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564860
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hebburn
Description
Newcastle shipowner Sir John Crass, Harald Merrylee and N. Hunter-Doeg formed the Newcastle Shipbuilding Co. Ltd in August 1919 to take advantage of a post war boom in the shipbuilding industry. The shiprepairing business of Huntley was purchased at Hebburn with one slip and a few workshops. Around 60,000 tons of ballast was removed before the new yard was constructed. Three berths were complete by early 1920 and the first keel was laid on 26th February 1920. The first launch took place in December 1920. A dramatic slump in the freight market from April 1921 caused the new yard to close in that year. The 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan shows a small yard with a slipway (Huntley’s Yard), while the fourth edition plan of 1924 shows the massively expanded yard empty and abandoned. The site has now been landscaped.
SITEASS
Site now landscaped.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
Shipbuilding Yard, with Jetty and Slips. Newcastle shipowner Sir John Crass, Harald Merrylee and N. Hunter-Doeg formed the Newcastle Shipbuilding Co. Ltd in August 1919 to take advantage of a post war boom in the shipbuilding industry.
The ship repairing business of Huntley was purchased at Hebburn with one slip and a few workshops to the west of Hawthorn, Leslie yard. With a number of promised contacts for oil tankers, it was intended to eventually construct ten building berths and two fitting-out berths, all along a river frontage of 1500 feet. This involved the removal of around 60,000 tons of ballast before the new yard was constructed. Three berths were complete by early 1920 and the first keel was laid on 26th February 1920. The first launch at the yard took place in December of the same year.
There was, however, a dramatic slump in the freight market from April 1921 and the new yard collapsed financially. Two vessels already launched remained at the yard until 1922, when they were taken away and completed elsewhere.
Map Evidence
First Edition Ordnance Survey, Sheet /// {1}
A fire-brick manufactory to the south of a very substantial ballast hill and Hebburn Quay.
Second Edition Ordnance Survey, Sheet ///
A small yard with a slipway (Huntley’s Yard).
Third Edition Twenty Five Inches to One Mile Ordnance Survey 1912, SheetXCV.10
Little alteration to the yard.
Fourth Edition Twenty Five Inches to One Mile Ordnance Survey 1924, Sheet
The yard is shown empty and abandoned after its massive actual and planned expansion in the early 1920s {2}.
Site Name
Hebburn, Newcastle Shipbuilding Co. Ltd Shipbuilding Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
2504
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2504 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SW
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2016, Land at Prince Consort Rd, Hebburn - Archaeological Assessment; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2017, Land at Prince Consort Rd, Hebburn - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2016