Helperyare in 1344. The name could relate to a personal name such as Hialpar. 'Helpere' is old English for helper. This weir was below Gateshead Park, east of the Tyne bridge, probably in the fishery called Toulershell. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Helperyare in 1344. The name could relate to a personal name such as Hialpar. 'Helpere' is old English for helper. This weir was below Gateshead Park, east of the Tyne bridge, probably in the fishery called Toulershell. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Helperyare Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12257
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
S Tyneside
Easting
430000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Hebburn
Description
Heberin(e) yar(e) in 1328 and 1333, Herbernyares in 1430. Two fisheries in Hebburn. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Heberin(e) yar(e) in 1328 and 1333, Herbernyares in 1430. Two fisheries in Hebburn. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Hebburn, Heberin yar Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12256
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
419300
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Whickham
Description
Haliwerestem in 1128, Heli werestem. Stem may be a mistake for 'stream'. 'Halig-wer' is old English for saint. It would then be Halig-weres stream - St. Cuthbert's fishery. 'Stefn or stem' is old English for 'dam' and 'stemma' means to stem, stop or dam up, especially a stream. Owned by the bishop of Durham. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Haliwerestem in 1128, Heli werestem. Stem may be a mistake for 'stream'. 'Halig-wer' is old English for saint. It would then be Halig-weres stream - St. Cuthbert's fishery. 'Stefn or stem' is old English for 'dam' and 'stemma' means to stem, stop or dam up, especially a stream. Owned by the bishop of Durham. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12-14th.
Site Name
Whickham, Haliwerestem Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12255
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
418400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563600
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Whickham
Description
Gump in 1128, Grip. Grip may allude to the fish-trap's function of gripping its prey. 'Grype' is old English for 'a ditch, trench or drain'. Owned by the bishop of Durham. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Gump in 1128, Grip. Grip may allude to the fish-trap's function of gripping its prey. 'Grype' is old English for 'a ditch, trench or drain'. Owned by the bishop of Durham. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12-14th.
Site Name
Whickham, Gump Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12254
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
423000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
Grene yar' in 1128, Greneyre in 1279. 'grene' is Old English for 'green' or 'grassy spot or village green'. Owned by the bishop of Durham. Found guilty of trespass by 42 fathoms beyond its allowed limits in 1279. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Grene yar' in 1128, Greneyre in 1279. 'grene' is Old English for 'green' or 'grassy spot or village green'. Owned by the bishop of Durham. Found guilty of trespass by 42 fathoms beyond its allowed limits in 1279. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Gateshead, Grene yar' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12253
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
423400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562700
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
Gouret' in 1128, Goureth, Gourech or possibly Toureth. 'Toureth' could be a corruption of 'Tonmouthe' - mouth of the River Team. Owned by the bishop of Durham. East of the Tyne bridge. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Gouret' in 1128, Goureth, Gourech or possibly Toureth. 'Toureth' could be a corruption of 'Tonmouthe' - mouth of the River Team. Owned by the bishop of Durham. East of the Tyne bridge. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Gateshead, Gouret' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12252
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
424000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
Gornerh' in 1128, Vorn or Worerch. 'Erh' looks like an attempt at 'yare'. 'Worn' could reflect Old English 'wor-hana', 'wor-henn' - wercock, woodgrouse, capercaillie, pheasant or another wild bird. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Gornerh' in 1128, Vorn or Worerch. 'Erh' looks like an attempt at 'yare'. 'Worn' could reflect Old English 'wor-hana', 'wor-henn' - wercock, woodgrouse, capercaillie, pheasant or another wild bird. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Gornerh' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12251
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
S Tyneside
Easting
429800
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563300
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Monkton
Description
Full' yar' in 1128, Fuleiare in 1195 or yare. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Full' yar' in 1128, Fuleiare in 1195 or yare. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Monkton, Full' yar' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12250
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
S Tyneside
Easting
433900
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565900
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Jarrow
Description
Full' yare in Pole in 1128, Fuliare in 1195, Fulyare in 1313, Fule yare in pul, (le) Pulyare in 1370 to 1578, Pul(l)e, Pult, 3ar, 3aare. 'Ful' is old English for foul, dirty weir. 'Pul' is a pool or pond. One of the monk's weirs in Jarrow. The 'pol' may have been Jarrow Slake. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Full' yare in Pole in 1128, Fuliare in 1195, Fulyare in 1313, Fule yare in pul, (le) Pulyare in 1370 to 1578, Pul(l)e, Pult, 3ar, 3aare. 'Ful' is old English for foul, dirty weir. 'Pul' is a pool or pond. One of the monk's weirs in Jarrow. The 'pol' may have been Jarrow Slake. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G N Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Jarrow, full' yare in Pole Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12249
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
424000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
Le Flyeiare in 1346, Fle in 1387, Fleyar 1438-9. 'Fleoge' is Old English for 'a fly'. 'Flyge' is Old English for 'a stream'. 'Fly' is Swedish for a body of water. May mean that the fishery was infected by midges.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Le Flyeiare in 1346, Fle in 1387, Fleyar 1438-9. 'Fleoge' is Old English for 'a fly'. 'Flyge' is Old English for 'a stream'. 'Fly' is Swedish for a body of water. May mean that the fishery was infected by midges. Dated C12th.
Site Name
le Flyeiare Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12248
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61