This area was one of significant 18th century coal extraction. As a result, this portion of what was once the Whorlton Estate is littered with old shafts and crossed by wagonways. However, there has also been other industrial activity - the quarrying of the Whinstone Outcrop or Dyke being the most noticeable. The geological formations in this area have allowed easy access to the coal measures. However, an intrusion of whinstone interupts this. The existence of such an outcrop usually makes the coal measures immediately surrounding the intrusion difficult to mine because the heat from the rock formation renders the coal measures into coke. So the industrial activity in this area was quarrying of whinstone rather then mining of coal. Quarrying was underway by 1847 when the outcrop was called the Coally Hill Dyke. The name is reflected in modern names of Coley Hill Farm and Whindykes. By 1858 a small structure, possibly a pump house to help the draining of the quarry had been built at the end of the footpath across Colt Holes (HER ref. 1589). This quarrying enterprise was only a 19th century phenomenon, limited in its lifespan by the relatively small nature of the whinstone outcrop. The quarry was filled-in during the late 20thcentury.
SITEASS
The quarry has recently been filled in.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895 {1}. This area was one of significant 18th century coal extraction. As a result this portion of what was once the Whorlton Estate is littered with old shafts and crossed by wagonways. However, there has also been other industrial activity - the quarrying of the Whinstone Outcrop or Dyke being the most noticeable. The geological formations in this area have allowed easy access to the coal measures. However, an intrusion of whinstone interrupts this. The existence of such an outcrop usually makes the coal measures immediately surrounding the intrusion difficult to mine because the heat from the rock formation renders the coal measures into coke. So the industrial activity in this area was quarrying of whinstone rather then mining of coal. Quarrying was underway by 1847. The outcrop was called the Coally Hill Dyke. The name is reflected in modern names of Coley Hill Farm and Whindykes. By 1858 a small structure had been built at the end of the footpath across Colt Holes, (SMR 1589). This was possibly a pump house to help the draining of the quarry. The enterprise was only a 19th century phenomenon, limited in its lifespan by the relatively small nature of the whinstone outcrop {1}. Shown on tithe map of 1847 as Whinstone Quarry.
Site Name
Whindykes Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4248
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4248 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, SW
I. Ayris, 1986, Stamfordham Road/Whindykes Area, Industrial Archaeological Assessment; Whorlton Tithe Map 1847 (Woodhorn NRO DT 509 M)
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
08
District
Newcastle
Easting
420160
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567690
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Kenton
Description
A Pumping Engine appears at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Water Supply Site
SITEDESC
A Pumping Engine. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so built after 1858.
Site Name
Kenton, Pumping Machine
Site Type: Specific
Pumping Station
HER Number
4247
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4247 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, SW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4022
DAY1
07
DAY2
25
District
Newcastle
Easting
424980
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MAP2
NZ27SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570750
NORTHING2
0
parish
North Gosforth
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Gosforth
Description
Charles Perkins and Fife John Scott promoted horse racing on the Town Moor. In 1880 they bought the 807 acre High Gosforth Park estate from Thomas Eustace Smith and then sold it to the High Gosforth Park Company, set up to create a new racecourse and pleasure park. The racecourse on the Town Moor was largely unenclosed, allowing free access to races for the general public. By the end of the 19th century, changes were taking place in racing, with fully enclosed racecourses being built, where all race goers paid an entrance fee which could be fed back into the sport for prize money. A grandstand was built onto the south side of Gosforth House. It was built by John Waddell & Sons of Edinburgh. Originally the grandstand extended eastwards beyond the house, but now only the western section survives. A smaller detached stand had been designed by William Parnell for the Town Moor racecourse in 1867 but was re-erected at the rear of Gosforth House's west wing. It remained in use until the Second World War. In March 1881 the High Gosforth Park Company opened the site for coursing (the pursuit of hares by greyhounds) within an enclosed 52 acre ground. Thirty kennels were built and 200 hares brought in. Greyhound coursing ceased in 1890. The opening horse race was held on 10 April 1882. A cycle track was laid in 1882. Visitors could skate and boat on the lake. From around 1885 to the 1920s trotting races were staged on a track in front of the main stand. A fire in 1915 damaged the stand and a new brick based stand was built around 1921 east of the house. There was another fire in 1962. Two new stands were opened in April 1965 on either side of the surviving section of the main stand. The racecourse has courses for flat racing and hurdles. The combination of a grade 2* listed country house and a grade 2 listed grandstand is almost certainly unique in British horse racing. In 1994 the estate was bought by Northern Racing. Corporate and exhibition facilities have been improved at a cost of £11 million. There are now some 30 race meetings a year. The highlight is a three day festival in late June, known as Race Week, when the Town Moor Hoppings take place and the Northumberland Plate or Pitmen's Derby (first held on the Town Moor in 1833) is staged. This is a flat race on a two mile circuit, for horses three years old and over. The winning owner receives a silver salver embossed with the Duke of Northumberland's Percy lion emblem. Ladies Day is held in July.
Site Type: Broad
Racing Sports Site
SITEDESC
Charles Perkins and Fife John Scott promoted horse racing on the Town Moor. In 1880 they bought the 807 acre High Gosforth Park estate from Thomas Eustace Smith and then sold it to the High Gosforth Park Company, set up to create a new racecourse and pleasure park. The racecourse on the Town Moor was largely unenclosed, allowing free access to races for the general public. By the end of the 19th century, changes were taking place in racing, with fully enclosed racecourses being built, where all race goers paid an entrance fee which could be fed back into the sport for prize money. A grandstand was built onto the south side of Gosforth House. It was built by John Waddell & Sons of Edinburgh. Originally the grandstand extended eastwards beyond the house, but now only the western section survives. A smaller detached stand had been designed by William Parnell for the Town Moor racecourse in 1867 but was re-erected at the rear of Gosforth House's west wing. It remained in use until the Second World War. In March 1881 the High Gosforth Park Company opened the site for coursing (the pursuit of hares by greyhounds) within an enclosed 52 acre ground. Thirty kennels were built and 200 hares brought in. Greyhound coursing ceased in 1890. The opening horse race was held on 10 April 1882. A cycle track was laid in 1882. Visitors could skate and boat on the lake. From around 1885 to the 1920s trotting races were staged on a track in front of the main stand. A fire in 1915 damaged the stand and a new brick based stand was built around 1921 east of the house. There was another fire in 1962. Two new stands were opened in April 1965 on either side of the surviving section of the main stand. The racecourse has courses for flat racing and hurdles. The combination of a grade 2* listed country house and a grade 2 listed grandstand is almost certainly unique in British horse racing. In 1994 the estate was bought by Northern Racing. Corporate and exhibition facilities have been improved at a cost of £11 million. There are now some 30 race meetings a year. The highlight is a three day festival in late June, known as Race Week, when the Town Moor Hoppings take place and the Northumberland Plate or Pitmen's Derby (first held on the Town Moor in 1833) is staged. This is a flat race on a two mile circuit, for horses three years old and over. The winning owner receives a silver salver embossed with the Duke of Northumberland's Percy lion emblem. Ladies Day is held in July.
Site Name
High Gosforth Park Racecourse
Site Type: Specific
Racecourse
HER Number
4246
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4246 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE;
J. Ross 1995, A Day at the Races Kenton Local History Society, Bulletin No. 7, p 5-15; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2013, Newcastle Race Course at High Gosforth Park, North Gosforth, Tyne and Wear - archaeological desk based assessment; Pearson, Lynn, 2010, Played in Tyne and Wear - Charting the heritage of people at play, pp 50-57
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2003
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
424190
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569590
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Gosforth
Description
This Smithy appears on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Smithy. Not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1858.
Site Name
North Gosforth, Smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
4245
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4245 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
07
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
423400
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572720
NORTHING2
0
parish
Dinnington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Dinnington
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Dinnington, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4244
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4244 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1087
DAY1
07
DAY2
23
District
Newcastle
Easting
423020
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572580
NORTHING2
0
parish
Dinnington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Brunswick
Description
Dinnington Colliery was opened by John Bowes & Partners Ltd in 1867. Sold to the Seaton Burn Coal Company in 1899 and closed on 26th February 1960. The British Geological Survey marks the sites of West, Hester and Augusta shafts. The colliery was linked by a spur line (HER ref. 1087) to the former Brunton and Shields/Fawdon wagonway (HER ref. 1078). A Brickworks was in use within the colliery, near the Augusta mine, from 1908. In 1922 the brickyard had a 26 chamber Belgian kiln, each chamber holding 6,500 bricks. Hartley Main Collieries took over the brickworks in 1939, and in 1950, in order to increase production, the Belgian kiln was converted to a top fired Hoffman type kiln and the chamber capacity increased to 8,500 bricks. The brickworks closed shortly after Dinnington Colliery in 1960. The colliery village was designed to the standards of a model village, but by 1873 only some houses had ashpits and privies. A number of terraces of the original village survive.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Dinnington Colliery - opened by John Bowes & Partners Ltd in 1867. The colliery village was designed to the standards of a model village, but by 1873 only some houses had ashpits and privies. Sold to the Seaton Burn Coal Company in 1899. Linked by spur line, (HER 1087), to former Brunton and Shields/Fawdon wagonway, (HER 1078). Brickworks in use within colliery from 1908. Brickworks closed soon after colliery closed. The British Geological Survey marks sites of West, Hester and Augusta Shafts. Seaton Burn Coal Company was making bricks near the Augusta mine in 1908. In 1922 the brickyard had a 26 chamber Belgian kiln, each chamber holding 6,500 bricks. Hartley Main Collieries took over the colliery and brickworks in 1938-9. National Coal Board took over in 1947. In 1950, in order to increase production, the Belgian kiln was converted to a top fired Hoffman type kiln and the chamber capacity increased to 8,500 bricks. The mine closed in February 1960 but a number of terraces of the original village survive.
Site Name
Dinnington Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4243
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4243 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NE
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 74; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; Colliery Engineering, August 1931 (article); James T. Tuck, 1993, Collieries of Northumberland
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
421700
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570180
NORTHING2
0
parish
Woolsington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Brunton
Description
A Hydraulic Ram appears at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it dates from after 1858.
SITEASS
Self-acting device in which a large quantity of low pressure water is made to pump a small proportion of itself to a greater height than its source. The pump consisted of a cast-iron vessel containing two horizontal disk valves, an impulse or spill valve and a small delivery valve. Hydraulic rams pumped a small quantity of water either a considerable distance away or to a height above the supply without any external power source. They were used to supply water to farms, villages and country houses remote from rivers and streams. Have been known to operate constantly unattended for periods over a century (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
A Hydraulic Ram. Not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1858.
Site Name
West Brunton, Hydraulic Ram
Site Type: Specific
Hydraulic Ram
HER Number
4242
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4242 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1078
DAY1
07
DAY2
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
422130
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570640
NORTHING2
0
parish
Woolsington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Brunton
Description
This branch line, alternatively known as Fawdon Railway, was built in the 1890s to make use of two existing historic lines. To link the older sections of the Brunton and Shields Railway and the old Coxlodge Railway a new stretch of line was constructed from a point east of Jubilee Pit of Coxlodge Colliery to a point just south of West Brunton. The Fawdon Railway began at Gosforth, making a junction with the Blyth and Tyne, ran along the route of the old Coxlodge Wagonway until it reached the start of the new section from where it linked into the old Brunton and Shields to join the seaton Burn Wagonway near Dinnington Colliery, which it followed to staiths at Wallsend. It was constructed by Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company following the closure of the old Coxlodge route in 1885. An evaluation in 2009 on the line of the waggonway at NZ 2254 7026 revealed that the waggonway had been truncated by a farm access track. Only the lower part of a northern trackside ditch and a possible foundation layer remained in-siu at a deoth of 1.9m bgl.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
A branch from the Fawdon Wagonway to near to Brunton Low Plantation forming the Fawdon Railway. Built in the 1890s utilising two existing historic lines. To link the older sections of the Brunton and Shields Railway and the old Coxlodge Railway a new stretch of line was constructed from a point east of Jubilee Pit of Coxlodge Colliery to a point just south of West Brunton. The Fawdon Railway began at Gosforth, making a junction with the Blyth and Tyne, ran along the route of the old Coxlodge Wagonway until it reached the start of the new section from where it linked into the old Brunton and Shields to join the Seaton Burn Wagonway near Dinnington Colliery which it followed to staiths at Wallsend. It was constructed by Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company following the closure of the old Coxlodge route in 1885 {1}. An evaluation in 2009 on the line of the waggonway at NZ 2254 7026 revealed that the waggonway had been truncated by a farm access track. Only the lower part of a northern trackside ditch and a possible foundation layer remained in-situ at a depth of 1.9m bgl.
Site Name
East Brunton, Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
4241
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4241 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW
I. Ayris, 1988, Fawdon Railway; Tyne and Wear Museums, 2009, Fawdon Waggonway, Newcastle Great Park - Archaeological Evaluation
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1078
DAY1
07
DAY2
31
District
Newcastle
Easting
422780
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571830
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Hazlerigg
Description
Hazlerigg Colliery. This was opened 1892 by the Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company. It transferred in 1929 to the Hazlerigg and Burradon Coal Company Ltd, then to the National Coal Board in 1947. Closed 25th November 1964. There was a pumping shaft at NZ 227 717.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Hazlerigg Colliery. This was opened 1892 by the Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company. It transferred in 1929 to the Hazlerigg and Burradon Coal Company Ltd, then to the National Coal Board in 1947. Closed 25th November 1964. There was a pumping shaft at NZ 227 717.
Site Name
Hazlerigg Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4240
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4240 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; James T. Tuck, 1997, Collieries of Northumberland
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
07
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
421060
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571510
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Brunton
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was out of use by 1895. It is marked by the British Geological Survey as " Three Pool ". This area has been mined for hundreds of years. 'North Pit Field' and 'South Pit Field' on the early 19th century Woolsington Estate plan (NRO 1219) presumably indicate the location of a coal pit or pits.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. Marked by the British Geological Survey as " Three Pool ". This area has been mined for hundreds of years. 'North Pit Field' and 'South Pit Field' on the early 19th century Woolsington Estate plan (NRO 1219) presumably indicate the location of a coal pit.
Site Name
West Brunton, Mine Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4239
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4239 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW;
The Archaeological Practice, 1997, Newcastle International Airport, Cultural Heritage Assessment