English, British
Class
Commemorative
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Good
DAY1
25
District
Gateshead
Easting
425240
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562950
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gateshead
Description
Hawks' Iron Works (HER 5177) became, at one point, perhaps the most important industrial complex in Gateshead, although George Hawks himself (1801-63) is better known as Gateshead's first Mayor. The monument was erected by "his friends and by the workmen of Gateshead Iron Works, of which he was the fifth senior partner". Monument dates to 1865. Stone with standing figure in mayoral robes and chain, holding a scroll and standing on a stepped base resting on a square plinth. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Commemorative Monument
SITEDESC
Hawks' Iron Works (SMR 5177) became, at one point, perhaps the most important industrial complex in Gateshead, although George Hawks himself (1801-63) is better known as Gateshead's first Mayor. The monument was erected by "his friends and by the workmen of Gateshead Iron Works, of which he was the fifth senior partner" {1}. Monument dates to 1865. Stone with standing figure in mayoral robes and chain, holding a scroll and standing on a stepped base resting on a square plinth {2}.
Site Name
Bensham Road, Monument to George Hawks
Site Type: Specific
Commemorative Monument
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
5176
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5176 >> Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, Jul-57
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 78; Ian Ayris, Peter Jubb, Steve Palmer and Paul Usherwood, 1996, A Guide to the Public Monuments and Sculpture of Tyne and Wear, p 44; Paul Usherwood, Jeremy Beach and Catherine Morris, 2000, Public Sculpture of North-East England, p 59-60
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Commemorative
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Good
DAY1
25
District
Gateshead
Easting
428700
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Granite; Sandstone
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561800
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Heworth
Description
Thomas Hepburn was the founder of the first successful miners' union in the area and his tomb was erected by the miners of Northumberland and Durham on his death in 1864. It is inscribed "SHORTER HOURS AND BETTER EDUCATION FOR MINERS". Stepped base of granite and sandstone carries tapered grave slab with plinth, cornice and pediment of pink granite. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Commemorative Monument
SITEDESC
Thomas Hepburn was the founder of the first successful miners' union in the area and his tomb was erected by the miners of Northumberland and Durham on his death in 1864. It is inscribed "SHORTER HOURS AND BETTER EDUCATION FOR MINERS" {1}. Stepped base of granite and sandstone carries tapered grave slab with plinth, cornice and pediment of pink granite {2}. In 1830 Thomas Hepburn, a miner at Hetton Colliery (HER 2989) organised the first union of Northumberland and Durham miners - it became known as Hepburn's Union. The Union was concerned with pay, but primarily with the welfare of young boys who worked in the pits, some as young as 6, working long hours (up to 18 hours a day) which had a long term affect on their health. Several mass meetings were called in 1831 - the first on Newcastle's town moor where over 20,000 miners attended. They agreed to strike in April 1831. Demand for coal in London was rising so the colliery owners agreed to shorten the working day of boys under 12 years old to 12 hours.
Site Name
Shields Road, Church of St Mary, Tomb of Thomas Hepburn
Site Type: Specific
Commemorative Monument
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
5175
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5175 >> I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 78
Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, Jun-50
R. Fynes, 1873, The Miners of Northumberland and Durham, p 17-36; James T. Tuck, 1997, The Collieries of Northumberland, Volume 2, pp 4-10
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Commemorative
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Good
DAY1
25
District
Gateshead
Easting
418800
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562900
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Blaydon
Description
Erected by the miners of Durham to commemorate the long and self-sacrificing labour in the cause of human progress of Thomas Ramsay who died in 1873. Memorial by G. Burn of Newcastle. Sandstone pedestal, with inscription on east face, bears statue of man in Victorian dress with a scroll under his left arm. 4 pillars support a tall gabled crocketed canopy. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Commemorative Monument
SITEDESC
Erected by the miners of Durham to commemorate the long and self-sacrificing labour in the cause of human progress of Thomas Ramsay who died in 1873 {1}. Memorial by G. Burn of Newcastle. Sandstone pedestal, with inscription on east face, bears statue of man in Victorian dress with a scroll under his left arm. 4 pillars support a tall gabled crocketed canopy {2}.
Site Name
Shibdon Road, Memorial to Thomas Ramsay
Site Type: Specific
Commemorative Monument
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
5174
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5174 >> I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 78
Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, Apr-24; Ian Ayris, Peter Jubb, Steve Palmer and Paul Usherwood, 1996, A Guide to the Public Monuments and Sculpture of Tyne and Wear, p 44
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
17243, 17244, 17245
DAY1
05
DAY2
21
District
Newcastle
Easting
424580
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
01
MONTH2
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563540
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown as 'Foundery' on Oliver's map of 1831 occupied by Robson, Riddle and Co. Shown as 'Skinnerburn Iron Works' on OS 1879 25" edition. By 1896 it had been reduced in size but was still functioning. However, in 1899 the iron foundry buildings were largely rebuilt and reconfigured for Robert Henzell who operated the Henzell Northern Oil Company. The oil company occupied the site until the mid 1960s. Derelict since the 1980s. The buildings were recorded in 2015.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown as 'Foundery' on Oliver's map of 1831 occupied by Robson, Riddle and Co. Shown as 'Skinnerburn Iron Works' on OS 1879 25" edition. By 1896 it had been reduced in size but was still functioning. However, in 1899 the iron foundry buildings were largely rebuilt and reconfigured for Robert Henzell who operated the Henzell Northern Oil Company. The oil company occupied the site until the mid 1960s. Derelict since the 1980s. The buildings were recorded in 2015.
Site Name
Skinnerburn Iron Works
Site Type: Specific
Iron Works
HER Number
4886
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4886 >> Tyne and Wear Museums Service, 2000, Pottery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment
Oliver, 1831
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1879, 25 inch scale; Phoenix Consulting Archaeology Ltd., 2015, Land at Forth Banks/Pottery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Assessment;
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
05
DAY2
06
District
Newcastle
Easting
424580
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
01
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563500
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
Bourne states that a pottery was carried on "without the Closegate" for some years before 1736. At this time it was in the hands of Joseph Blenkinsop and Ralph Harle. In 1748 the pottery was advertised to let. Mr Blenkinsop was still residing in a house without the Closegate in 1749. In 1758 the pottery was entirely destroyed by fire. In 1787 there are two notices of a pottery called the Skinner Burn Pottery, Forth Banks, worked by George Spearman & Co. Three years later this pottery had passed into the hands of Addison Falconer and Co. was recorded at Skinnerburn. This is presumably the origins of the name Pottery Lane. A Pottery is shown on Oliver's map of 1831 next to the Plate Glass Works (HER 4881). It is marked as 'Newcastle Pottery' on the 1879 OS 25" edition. There was also a pottery manufacturer called James Wallace in Forth Banks in 1837. His business had been started by Thomas Wallace in 1827 at Carr Hill. Wallace, James and Company had an office at 86 Blenheim Street in 1838. The pottery had been largely demolished by 1896 and subsequently built upon.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Bourne states that a pottery was carried on "without the Closegate" for some years before 1736. At this time it was in the hands of Joseph Blenkinsop and Ralph Harle. In 1748 the pottery was advertised to let. Mr Blenkinsop was still residing in a house without the Closegate in 1749. In 1758 the pottery was entirely destroyed by fire. In 1787 there are two notices of a pottery called the Skinner Burn Pottery, Forth Banks, worked by George Spearman & Co. Three years later this pottery had passed into the hands of Addison Falconer and Co. was recorded at Skinnerburn. This is presumably the origins of the name Pottery Lane. A Pottery is shown on Oliver's map of 1831 next to the Plate Glass Works (HER 4881). It is marked as 'Newcastle Pottery' on the 1879 OS 25" edition. There was also a pottery manufacturer called James Wallace in Forth Banks in 1837. His business had been started by Thomas Wallace in 1827 at Carr Hill. Wallace, James and Company had an office at 86 Blenheim Street in 1838. The pottery had been largely demolished by 1896 and subsequently built upon.
Archaeologically excavated in 2016 by Pre-Construct Archaeology. The structural remains excavated at the site represent elements of the latest U-shaped
incarnation of the pottery in this area which the historic map sequence demonstrates was built between 1805 and by 1827, with modifications occurring throughout the 19th century. Widespread demolition of the pottery had evidently taken place at various times; the pottery was closed in 1893 with most structures being demolished prior to 1896. Several buildings were constructed upon the former site of the pottery, including a stable, slaughterhouse and a stone mason’s yard, truncating some remaining elements of the pottery. It is evident from the excavated remains and from the map evidence that some former pottery workshop structures along the eastern boundary of the site and structures in the eastern corner had been retained. All structures at the site were demolished in the mid-20th century, which further impacted the structural remains of the pottery.
Site Name
Skinner Burn Pottery
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
4885
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4885 >> Tyne and Wear Museums Service, 2000, Pottery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment
Oliver, 1831
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1879, 25 inch scale
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9
R.C. Bell, 1986, Maling and other Tyneside Pottery
Tyne and Wear County Council, 1981, Maling - A Tyneside Pottery
R.C. Bell, 1971, Tyneside Pottery
R.C. Bell & M.A.V. Gill, 1973, The Potteries of Tyneside
F. Buckley, 1927, Potteries on the Tyne and Other Northern Potteries during the C18, Archaeologia Aeliana, Vol 4, series 4, p68-82
D.K. Gray, 1985, Introduction to Maling
S. Moore & C. Ross, 1989, Maling, The Trademark of Excellence
J.T. Shaw, 1973, The Potteries of Wearside; Phoenix Consulting Archaeology Ltd., 2015, Land at Forth Banks/Pottery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Assessment; Pre-Construct Archaeology, 2017, Forth Banks/Pottery Lane - Post Excavation Assessment
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2017
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
424630
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563410
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
These lime kilns are shown on Oliver’s map of 1831 and on the 1879 edition of the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of c.1855. The stone and brick archways still survive within an existing derelict building, with a substantial stone retaining wall behind them.
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Oliver 1831 and 1879 OS 25" edition {1}. The stone and brick archways still survive within an existing derelict building. In poor condition, full of rubbish. Substantial stone retaining wall runs behind them.
Site Name
Skinnerburn Road, Lime kilns
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
HER Number
4884
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4884 >> Oliver, 183
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
424080
EASTING2
2458
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
01
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
563260
NORTHING2
6332
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
By the end of the 1870s the Plate Glass Works (HER ref. 4881) had a railway track running through its main building from the Forth Goods Station to the quayside. Another track ran east-west along its southern extent.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
By the end of the 1870s the Plate Glass Works (SMR 4881) had a railway track running through its main building from the Forth Goods Station to the quayside. Another track ran east-west along its southern extent.
Site Name
Railway through Plate Glass Works
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
4883
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4883 >> Tyne and Wear Museums Service, 2000, Pottery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1879, 25 inch scale
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
424510
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563390
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
This ropery is shown on Oliver’s map of 1831, running between the Plate Glass Works (HER ref. 4881) and its 'pond'.
Site Type: Broad
Rope Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Oliver 1831, running between the Plate Glass Works (SMR 4881) and its 'pond'.
Site Name
Newcastle, Ropery
Site Type: Specific
Ropery
HER Number
4882
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4882 >> Tyne and Wear Museums Service, 2000, Pottery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment
Oliver, 1831
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
424540
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563420
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
The Plate Glass Works first appear on Wood's plan of 1827 complete with a 'pond'. It belonged to Nathaniel Clayton and appears to have continued in use until at least 1889. In 1889 the North Eastern Railway Company constructed 33 houses for their personnel at Dale Street. These were built over the former site of the Plate Glass Works which must have ceased operation by then. Wright & Co established a glassworks on this site around 1857 to make pressed ware. In 1867 the works were owned by E.T. Reed, then Heppell Garbutt & Co, reformed as W.H. Heppel & Co 1874.
SITEASS
No glass works buildings visible. Site has been cleared of modern buildings. An exception to the mid C19 decline of the Tyneside glass industry, this site appears relevant to wider enquiries about changing technology. Site is unused at present and appears attractive for development, which should be preceded by evaluation {6}. Plate glass (formed into a thin sheet by rolling) was invented by Bernard Perrot in 1687 in France. It was first made in Britain in 1773 at Ravenhead, St. Helens, Lancs. It is made by casting molten glass into flat iron moulds and rolling it to the required thickness. It is then slowly annealed (heating then slowly cooled to prevent brittleness) and allowed to cool for up to 14 days, then ground and polished. It had superseded Crown glass by mid C19 (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Glassmaking Site
SITEDESC
The Plate Glass Works first appear on Wood's survey of 1827 complete with 'pond'. It belonged to Nathaniel Clayton and appears to continue in use until at least 1889. In 1889 the North Eastern Railway Company constructed 33 houses for their personnel at Dale Street. These were built over the former site of the Plate Glass Works which must have ceased operation some time before {1}. Wright & Co established a glassworks on this site around 1857 to make pressed ware. In 1867 the works were owned by E.T. Reed, then Heppell Garbutt & Co, reformed as W.H. Heppell & Co 1874. Date of closure unknown {6}.
Site Name
Plate Glass Works
Site Type: Specific
Plate Glass Works
HER Number
4881
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4881 >> Tyne and Wear Museums Service, 2000, Pottery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment
Wood, 1827
Oliver, 1831
Oliver, 1844
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1879, 25 inch scale
English Heritage, 1997, Monuments Protection Program, Site Assessment
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
04
District
Sunderland
Easting
439710
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557470
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Monkwearmouth
Description
This saw mill is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map of 1857 with an adjoining engine house.
SITEASS
Saw mills replaced saw pits, and were water powered at first. Mechanised sawing was by frame saws which imitated the action of the old sawpit using straight rip saws. Later circular saws came into use (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Shown on OS 1857 10' to 1 mile edition with adjoining engine house.
Site Name
Wilson's Steam Saw Mill
Site Type: Specific
Saw Mill
HER Number
4880
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4880 >> Tyne and Wear Museums Service, 2000, Bonner's Field, Monkwearmouth, Archaeological Assessment
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1857, 10 inch to one mile scale
YEAR1
2001