High Team Forge. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey mapping shows its associated mill races. In June 1735 Theodosia Crowley took leases from the Rev. Robert Thomlinson, Rector of Whickham of a corn mill on the River Team called Teams Bridge High Mill and miln ground on the north side of the mill race, and adjoining Parish Meadow and Thorney closes, and Low Teams Bridge Mill (Dunston Forge? HER 3739), together with all the slitting mills, steel furnaces, other mills, forges, workhouses, messuages etc. A further steel furnace was erected at the upper Teams Mill between 1735 and 1740. The purchase of these leases was assisted by a mortgage granted by the Rev. R. Thomlinson. His loan of £5100 was still outstanding in 1756. Daniel Walter, a senior clerk from Winlaton was transferred temporarily to the new works to instruct an agent employed in the new purchase at Teams. Angerstein in 1753 found former employees of William Bertram (of Blackhall Mill HER 1017) making German shear steel for the Crowleys at Teams. Good quality iron was cemented, the blister steel drawn down, recemented and faggotted, drawn down, again recemented and faggotted, finally being made into bars of rectangular section about 4 feet long. It was charcoal heated and sold at 10d per pound. The Teams works were still being operated in 1854. The Teams forges used water power to drive the bellows, hammers and rollers - operations carried out included forging pig iron into bar iron, founding pig iron and scrap iron into cast moulds, rolling and slitting bar iron into nail rods, and steel-making. In addition at Teams, bands and hoops were cut for barrels.
SITEASS
The forge or hammer mill was the workshop where the hot metal is shaped by hammering or rolling. Early forges comprised a finery hearth and a chafery, each with its own air bellows, and tilt hammers. Brittle cast-iron pigs were converted into malleable wrought iron and forged (shaped) bars of various sizes suitable for use by blacksmiths as the basis for iron structures. Waterwheels provided the power for operating the bellows and tilt hammers. Later forges included reverberatory type metal melting furnaces, shingling and steam hammers, rolling mills, power shears etc (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
High Team Forge. The 1st edition OS mapping shows its associated mill races. In June 1735 Theodosia Crowley took leases from the Rev. Robert Thomlinson, Rector of Whickham of a corn mill on the River Team called Teams Bridge High Mill and miln ground on the north side of the mill race, and adjoining Parish Meadow and Thorney closes, and Low Teams Bridge Mill (Dunston Forge? HER 3739), together with all the slitting mills, steel furnaces, other mills, forges, workhouses, messuages etc. A further steel furnace was erected at the upper Teams Mill between 1735 and 1740. The purchase of these leases was assisted by a mortgage granted by the Rev. R. Thomlinson. His loan of £5100 was still outstanding in 1756. Daniel Walter, a senior clerk from Winlaton was transferred temporarily to the new works to instruct an agent employed in the new purchase at Teams. Angerstein in 1753 found former employees of William Bertram (of Blackhall Mill HER 1017) making German shear steel for the Crowleys at Teams. Good quality iron was cemented, the blister steel drawn down, recemented and faggotted, drawn down, again recemented and faggotted, finally being made into bars of rectangular section about 4 feet long. It was charcoal heated and sold at 10d per pound. The Teams works were still being operated in 1854. The Teams forges used water power to drive the bellows, hammers and rollers - operations carried out included forging pig iron into bar iron, founding pig iron and scrap iron into cast moulds, rolling and slitting bar iron into nail rods, and steel-making. In addition at Teams, bands and hoops were cut for barrels. The forge went out of use in 1860 and became incorporated into the farm buildings of the Teams estate.
Site Name
High Team Forge
Site Type: Specific
Forge
HER Number
3785
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3785 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6; K.C Barraclough, Blister Steel, the birth of an industry, Steelmaking before Bessemer, The Metals Society, London; M.W. Flinn, 1962, Men of Iron - The Crowleys in the Early Iron Industry
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
19
DAY2
07
District
Gateshead
Easting
425050
EASTING2
2441
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MAP2
NZ26SE
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
560010
NORTHING2
6031
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Low Fell
Description
A Wagonway, running north west from Derwent Crook. Marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, it was probably out of use by 1857. At some time it had reached Low Fell but was cut back to Low Moor in 1812, it was still working in the 1840s. The first Team waggonway opened in 1670 and lead to staiths at Team, probably from a railhead near Cow Close Mill (now Close House) near Lady Park. Owned by Sir Thomas Liddell, he planned to combine the waggonway with a complex pumping scheme to drain several hundred acres in the low-lying Team Valley and the slopes of the Ravensworth ridge that overlooked it. However, the catchment area was too small to power the pumps so a long and circuitous leat, called “The Trench” was built to tap into the Black Burn. The coal mill comprised three wheels that drove a battery of pumps in several interlinked shafts, operated by enormous timber transmission shafts and cog-and-rung gearing; this must have been the most ambitious use of water power in the coalfield. The original Team Way lay entirely west of the river and headed firmly southwards. Its earliest extension, which has left no trace, was laid to Kibblesworth and survived at least until 1750. However, it is unknown whether its route from Cow Close to the Town Fields, west of the village, was laid.
The waggonway was extended into Robin’s Wood to a terminus called “Cocksclose” sometime between 1711 and 1723 when a new colliery opened in High Park. A number of branches also developed to the east of the Team as it was easily bridged. These exploited the western face of the Gateshead ridge. The first eastern branch crossed the stream into Derwent Crook, perhaps as early as the 1680s. Coal was worked here in 1740 by Claughton who was barred from using the Team Way and who probably sought an outlet over Gateshead Fell. A branch was rebuilt from Derwent Crook and Breckenbeds to the Team Way in the later 18th century, perhaps between 1756-68, and was still open in the 1840s. This branch had once reached Low Fell, but by 1812 had been cut back to Low Moor near the Team. A quite distinct branch to the Team Way seems to have been laid for the Chow Dene sinking of 1746.
The main crossing of the Team, upstream, was already open by March 1726 and was destined to become the main line of the Team Waggonway. In 1726 it reached Aller Dene Colliery and was spreading fingers up the hillside. By 1812 the line reached its greatest extent, running to the limit of the Liddell’s Lamesley estate. By this time Team staith had long been abandoned, and outlets sought on the lower Tyne. The coal mill of 1670 may have survived until 1750 when a Newcomen engine was installed at Ravensworth.
SITEASS
Staith at Team Gut
Leat from The Trench visible between Coach Road and the Western Bypass (NZ 2397 5913)
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
A Wagonway, running north west from Derwent Crook. Marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, it was probably out of use by 1857. At some time it had reached Low Fell but was cut back to Low Moor in 1812, it was still working in the 1840s. The first Team waggonway opened in 1670 and lead to staiths at Team, probably from a railhead near Cow Close Mill (now Close House) near Lady Park. Owned by Sir Thomas Liddell, he planned to combine the waggonway with a complex pumping scheme to drain several hundred acres in the low-lying Team Valley and the slopes of the Ravensworth ridge that overlooked it. However, the catchment area was too small to power the pumps so a long and circuitous leat, called “The Trench” was built to tap into the Black Burn. The coal mill comprised three wheels that drove a battery of pumps in several interlinked shafts, operated by enormous timber transmission shafts and cog-and-rung gearing; this must have been the most ambitious use of water power in the coalfield. The original Team Way lay entirely west of the river and headed firmly southwards. Its earliest extension, which has left no trace, was laid to Kibblesworth and survived at least until 1750. However, it is unknown whether its route from Cow Close to the Town Fields, west of the village, was laid.
The waggonway was extended into Robin’s Wood to a terminus called “Cocksclose” sometime between 1711 and 1723 when a new colliery opened in High Park. A number of branches also developed to the east of the Team as it was easily bridged. These exploited the western face of the Gateshead ridge. The first eastern branch crossed the stream into Derwent Crook, perhaps as early as the 1680s. Coal was worked here in 1740 by Claughton who was barred from using the Team Way and who probably sought an outlet over Gateshead Fell. A branch was rebuilt from Derwent Crook and Breckenbeds to the Team Way in the later 18th century, perhaps between 1756-68, and was still open in the 1840s. This branch had once reached Low Fell, but by 1812 had been cut back to Low Moor near the Team. A quite distinct branch to the Team Way seems to have been laid for the Chow Dene sinking of 1746.
The main crossing of the Team, upstream, was already open by March 1726 and was destined to become the main line of the Team Waggonway. In 1726 it reached Aller Dene Colliery and was spreading fingers up the hillside. By 1812 the line reached its greatest extent, running to the limit of the Liddell’s Lamesley estate. By this time Team staith had long been abandoned, and outlets sought on the lower Tyne. The coal mill of 1670 may have survived until 1750 when a Newcomen engine was installed at Ravensworth.
Site Name
Team Way to Derwent Crook
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
3784
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3784 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
Bennett, G, Clavering, E & Rounding, A, 1989, A Fighting Trade, Vol 1, p 65-9
G. Bennett, E. Clavering & A. Rounding, 1990, A Fighting Trade - Rail Transport in Tyne Coal 1600-1800
G. Sinclair, 1672, The Hydrostaticks, p 298-9
Publications of the Surtees Society, 197, 53, 60, 93-4, 234
F. Manders, History of Gateshead, p 132
Gateshead Library Local Studies, GPL G/CK6/14
Gateshead Library Local Studies, GPL G/Ellison C 17/1, A 35/40
S. Miller, The establishment of the R W C Bulletin of the Durham County Local History Society, 26
Northumberland Records Office, Unthank 36c
Durham Records Office, D/St/B/5/29
Waggonways on South Bank of Tyne, Durham Records Office, D/St/P17/2
Map of the Collieries on the Rivers Tyne and Wear, Gateshead Library Local Studies, GPL CAB A1/10
W. Casson, 1801, Plan showing Collieries and Waggonways on the rivers Tyne and Wear, Gateshead Library Local Studies, GPL CAB A1/4
R.L. Galloway, 1898, of Coal Mining and the Coal Trade, volume 1, p 373 pp 373-4
Waggonways and Railways of North-West Durham, Durham Records Office, D/CG 6/1435
J.T.W. Bell, 1843, The Great Northern Coalfield, 2nd series
Team Way at Team Colliery Eighton, Gateshead Library Local Studies, GPL BP 1/83
A. Williams, 2004, A Fighting Trade - Review and mapping of routes; unpublished document for Tyne & Wear Heritage Environment Record; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2013, Waggonways to the South Bank of the River Tyne and to the River Wear; Turnbull, L, 2012, Railways Before George Stephenson (entry 54a) 155, 169; TWAS DT/BEL/2/183
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
424450
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559580
NORTHING2
0
parish
Lamesley
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lamesley
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the position of The Tilesheds. The graphic representation for this record includes an area of probable clay pits within the adjacent Tileshed Wood.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
The Tilesheds. The graphic representation for this record includes an area of probable clay pits within the adjacent Tileshed Wood.
Site Name
The Tilesheds
Site Type: Specific
Tile Works
HER Number
3783
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3783 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
3741
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
424460
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559520
NORTHING2
0
parish
Lamesley
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lamesley
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Coal Depot on the Team Colliery Wagonway at this location (HER ref. 3741).
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
A Coal Depot on the Team Colliery Wagonway, (SMR 3741).
Site Name
Lamesley, coal depot
Site Type: Specific
Coal Depot
HER Number
3782
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3782 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
425870
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560340
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Low Fell
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Quarry at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry.
Site Name
Low Fell, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3781
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3781 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
425680
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559900
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Low Fell
Description
An Old Coal Pit and Sheriff Hill Old Engine are shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so were probably out of use by 1857.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
An Old Coal Pit and Sheriff Hill Old Engine are shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so were probably out of use by 1857.
Site Name
Low Fell, old coal pit and Sheriff Hill engine
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3780
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3780 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
425810
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559440
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Low Fell
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was out of use by 1857.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1857.
Site Name
Low Fell, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3779
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3779 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
425800
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559420
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Low Fell
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the position of Quarry Pit (Coal).
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Quarry Pit (Coal).
Site Name
Quarry Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3778
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3778 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
425500
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559250
NORTHING2
0
parish
Lamesley
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lamesley
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the position of North Pit (Coal).
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
North Pit (Coal).
Site Name
North Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3777
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3777 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
19
District
Gateshead
Easting
425520
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558930
NORTHING2
0
parish
Lamesley
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lamesley
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the position of Corner Pit (Coal).
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Corner Pit (Coal).
Site Name
Corner Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
3776
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3776 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 6