Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows a cement works at this location. The works were built in the 1880s on the site of the former Addison Potter's Firebrick Works (HER ref. 2105).
SITEASS
Cement is a calcinated mixture of lime and clay ground into a powder. When water is added it can be used for joining building materials together or for making concrete. Cement was known in Roman times. An underwater cement was devised by John Smeaton for Eddystone lighthouse in 1756. James Parker was granted a patent in 1796 for 'Roman' cement. Joseph Aspdin (1779-1855) of Leeds made the first artificial cement, called it Portland Cement and patented it in 1824. Louis Vicat of France determined the chemical formula for cement containing natural limestone in 1839. In 1844 Isaac Johnson discovered the modern method of making Portland cement and the use of concrete as a building material stems from this date. In 1854 reinforced concrete was developed to overcome the weakness of cement (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AJ Francis, 1977, The Cement Industry 1796-1914: a history, PE Halstead, 1961-2, The early history of Portland Cement, Newcomen Society Transactions 34 (1961-2), 37).
Site Type: Broad
Cement Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Cement Works, on the site of the former Addison Potter's Firebrick Works (SMR 2105). The works were built in the 1880s.
Site Name
Willington Quay, cement works
Site Type: Specific
Cement Works
HER Number
2209
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2209 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
P J. Davidson, 1986, The Brickworks of the North East, p.60
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
11
District
N Tyneside
Easting
432130
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566340
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Wallsend
Description
This Smithy does not appear on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was built after 1858.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Smithy, built after 1858 - since it does not appear on the 1st edition OS map.
Site Name
Wallsend, Smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
2208
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2208 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
11
District
N Tyneside
Easting
431570
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566240
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Wallsend
Description
This Reservoir does not appear on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
Reservoir, built after 1858 since it does not appear on the 1st edition OS map.
Site Name
Wallsend, Reservoir
Site Type: Specific
Reservoir
HER Number
2207
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2207 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
11
District
N Tyneside
Easting
430870
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566090
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Wallsend
Description
Cement Works, built after 1858 and marked as ‘Disused’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan (re-surveyed in 1894/5).
SITEASS
Cement is a calcinated mixture of lime and clay ground into a powder. When water is added it can be used for joining building materials together or for making concrete. Cement was known in Roman times. An underwater cement was devised by John Smeaton for Eddystone lighthouse in 1756. James Parker was granted a patent in 1796 for 'Roman' cement. Joseph Aspdin (1779-1855) of Leeds made the first artificial cement, called it Portland Cement and patented it in 1824. Louis Vicat of France determined the chemical formula for cement containing natural limestone in 1839. In 1844 Isaac Johnson discovered the modern method of making Portland cement and the use of concrete as a building material stems from this date. In 1854 reinforced concrete was developed to overcome the weakness of cement (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AJ Francis, 1977, The Cement Industry 1796-1914: a history, PE Halstead, 1961-2, The early history of Portland Cement, Newcomen Society Transactions 34 (1961-2), 37).
Site Type: Broad
Cement Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Cement Works, built after 1858 (the date of the 1st edition OS map) but is marked as Disused on the 2nd edition, (1894/5 survey).
Site Name
Wallsend, cement works
Site Type: Specific
Cement Works
HER Number
2206
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2206 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2253,1007
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
432990
EASTING2
3229
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ63NW
MONTH1
5
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
565830
NORTHING2
6456
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Jarrow
Description
Part of the original course of the Pontop and Jarrow Railway (elsewhere defined as HER ref. 1007). This ran from NZ 3229 6456 north to Springwell Staiths (HER ref. 2253). On the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan this part of the line is not shown and a new section runs to the river further west.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Part of the original course of the Pontop and Jarrow Railway (elsewhere defined as SMR 1007). This ran from NZ 3229 6456 north to Springwell Staiths, (SMR 2253). On the 2nd edition OS mapping this part of the line is not shown and a new section runs to the river further west.
Site Name
Pontop and Jarrow Railway, Springwell Staith Branch
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
2205
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2205 >> 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Durham, 3, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
2146,2087
DAY1
11
DAY2
07
District
N Tyneside
Easting
430200
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566140
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Carville
Description
Carville Station part of the North Eastern Railway's Newcastle and Tynemouth riverside branch (SMR 2146). The station is on the site of a former reservoir, (SMR 2087). Opened Aug 1st 1891. Goods facilities closed 11th July 1966, closed to passengers 23rd July 1973. The track remained until at least 1987. Now demolished. A petrol station occupies site. The main building was single storey and made of brick at the west end of the down platform.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Carville Station part of the North Eastern Railway's Newcastle and Tynemouth riverside branch (SMR 2146). The station is on the site of a former reservoir, (SMR 2087). Opened Aug 1st 1891. Goods facilities closed 11th July 1966, closed to passengers 23rd July 1973. The track remained until at least 1987. Now demolished. A petrol station occupies site. The main building was single storey and made of brick at the west end of the down platform.
Site Name
Carville Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
2204
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 2204 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW; Tyne and Wear Museums, 2010, Land east of Wallsend Roman Fort (TWEDCo) - Archaeological Assessment; http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/c/carville/index.shtml
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2016
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
11
District
N Tyneside
Easting
429960
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565720
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Wallsend
Description
The Tyne Brickworks is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so probably opened after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Tyne Brickworks, opened after 1858 - the date of the 1st edition OS map.
Site Name
Tyne Brick Works
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
2203
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2203 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
11
DAY2
23
District
N Tyneside
Easting
429980
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565520
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Wallsend
Description
Wigham, Richardson and Co. Ltd. formed the Tyne Pontoons and Dry Docks Co. Ltd. in 1880 as a dedicated shiprepair yard. A 260 feet long pontoon dock was designed for the yard by Andrew Taylor, built in 1882. The yard also had a 253 feet long gridiron. A graving dock, 386 feet long by 69 feet wide, was opened at the yard in 1887. The yard became a part of the new Swan Hunter company after merger with Wigham Richardson in 1903. A third dry dock was opened in the mid 1930s, constructed by McAlpine’s and 570 feet long by 82 feet wide. The fourth dry dock was opened at the yard in 1957, 670 feet long by 105 feet wide. In 1966, the Wallsend repair yard, along with Smith’s Docks in North Shields became Swan Hunter Shiprepairers Ltd. The dock is shown with its main constituent components, including docks, pontoons, buildings, cranes and rail links, on the second and later editions of the Ordnance Survey map series for the area. Today it is probably the most extensive shiprepairing facility surviving on the river Tyne.
SITEASS
A further larger dry dock was constructed in the yard during the 1950s to the south of the three noted above. This disposition of the yard, with four functioning dry docks survives today. It is probably the most extensive shiprepairing facility surviving on the river {2}.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
Wigham, Richardson and Co. Ltd. formed the Tyne Pontoons and Dry Docks Co. Ltd (Richardson being the key proponent) in 1880 as a dedicated ship repair yard. A 260 feet long pontoon dock was designed for the yard by Andrew Taylor which was built in 1882. The yard also had a 253 feet long gridiron. A graving dock was opened at the yard in 1887. This was 386 feet long by 69 feet wide. A second was opened in?? The yard became a part of the new Swan Hunter company after merger with Wigham Richardson in 1903.
A third dry dock was opened in the mid 1930s at the yard. This was constructed by McAlpine’s and was 570 feet long by 82 feet wide. The fourth dry dock was opened at the yard in 1957 and was 670 feet long by 105 feet wide.
In 1966, the Wallsend repair yard, along with Smith’s Docks in North Shields became Swan Hunter Shiprepairers Ltd. Today, the Wallsend yard is the surviving part of A&P Tyne (the Smith’s Dock section closed in 1999). Map evidence - not present on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. On the second edition the yard lies at the elbow of a curve in the Tyne. All docks and pontoons lie to the river side of a steep, irregular slope in the yard, possibly a product of levelling associated with the construction of the pontoons and docks. The line of the old Coxlodge Wagonway forms the northern boundary of the yard (with Swans shipyard beyond) and the Boiler Works of Wigham Richardson's Neptune Yard lies to the south of the yard. One large square-ended dry dock lies at the north of the yard, with two pontoon docks (floating docks) towards the south of the yard. A range of buildings lies immediately beyond the north-western ends of the pontoon docks and a structure of some description lies along the flank of the northernmost pontoon dock. Other than these structures, a few smaller buildings lie above the steep slope in the yard. Rail line runs along the western end of the dry dock and curves around the pontoons. By the third edition map of 1912 the yard is incorporated within the Swan Hunter group (as the Neptune Yard, to the south, had been) and has, to an extent, been integrated into the yards bounding it on either side. The dry dock has been extended and has received a curving end. The number of buildings has increased and there is more extensive rail coverage of the yard. On the fourth edition of 1924 drastic alterations have taken place. All the pontoon docks have gone and three parallel dry docks lie within the yard, the central of the three being the earliest. The disposition of the buildings has changed. Crane tracks lie to either side of the docks and a series of tanks within a compound lie at the top of the slope above the eastern docks {2}
Dry Dock A was recorded in 2015 ahead of infilling as part of the redevelopment of Neptune Yard.
Site Name
Tyne Pontoons and Dry Docks
Site Type: Specific
Dry Dock
HER Number
2202
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 2202 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW; The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present report for Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record; The Archaeological Practice, 2010, Neptune Yard, Walker - recording of docks; The Archaeological Practice, 2013, Neptune Yard 2B Site, Archaeological Assessment; The Archaeological Practice, 2015, Neptune Yard, Dry Dock A - Historic Building Recording
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2200,2139,2111
DAY1
11
District
N Tyneside
Easting
434940
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566430
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Howdon
Description
An extension from the North Eastern Railway, Blyth and Tyne Albert Edward Dock branchline (HER ref. 2139) at NZ 3427 6684, to the Commissioner's Staiths (South) (HER ref. 2200) and the eastern end of the Northumbrland Dock (HER ref. 2111). This does not appear on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan so was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Extension from the North Eastern Railway Blyth and Tyne Albert Edward Dock branchline (SMR 2139) at NZ 3427 6684, to the Commissioner's Staiths (South) (SMR 2200) and the eastern end of the Northumberland Dock, (SMR 2111). This does not appear on the 1st edition OS mapping so was built after 1858.
Site Name
NER, Blyth and Tyne Railway, Extension
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
2201
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2201 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
2201
DAY1
11
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435010
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566210
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Howdon
Description
This is the southern pair of the two sets with this name (with HER ref. 2142). They are not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so were built after 1858.They were supplied by the extensions (HER ref. 2201) to the North Eastern Railway, Blyth and Tyne Railway (HER ref. 2139).
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
This is the southern pair of the two sets with this name, (with SMR 2142). They are not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so were built after 1858. Supplied by the extensions (SMR 2201) to the North Eastern Railway, Blyth and Tyne Railway (2139).
Site Name
Howdon, Commissioner's Staiths (South)
Site Type: Specific
Staith
HER Number
2200
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2200 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NE