English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
Gateshead
Easting
416700
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Rowlands Gill
Description
Closed in 1950. The owners were Barcus Close Coal Company Ltd, and then from 1947 the National Coal Board.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Closed in 1950. The owners were Barcus Close Coal Company Ltd, and then from 1947 the National Coal Board.
Site Name
Bryans Leap Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
6927
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
4996
DAY1
23
DAY2
24
District
Sunderland
Easting
431740
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
551980
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Fencehouses
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map of 1850. Bournmoor Colliery was opened in 1790 and closed on 27 February 1965. C Pit opened in 1791. The owner in the 1820s was the Earl of Durham. In 1896 it was owned by Lambton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton and Hetton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton, Hetton and Joicey Collieries Ltd and the National Coal Board from 1947.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition. Bournmoor Colliery was opened in 1790 and closed on 27 February 1965. C Pit opened in 1791. The owner in the 1820s was the Earl of Durham. In 1896 it was owned by Lambton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton and Hetton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton, Hetton and Joicey Collieries Ltd and the National Coal Board from 1947.
Site Name
Bournmoor Colliery, C Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
6926
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 1999, Lambton Cokeworks, Sunderland
J. Nolan & A. Durkin, 1995, A Wooden Colliery Wagonway at the former Bournmoor D Pit, Sunderland
I. Ayris, J. Nolan & A. Durkin, 1998, The Archaeological Excavation of Wooden Waggonway Remains at Lambton, Industrial Archaeology Review, Vol XX, p 5-22
Northern Archaeological Associates, 2001, Sunderland Central Route, Multi Modal Study, Cultural Heritage Chapter
PLB Consulting Ltd, 1998, Wooden Wagonway at Lambton Cokeworks
Bullen Consultants, 2003, Lambton Coke Works, Archaeological Assessment; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Penshaw: Not just a monument - Historic Village Atlas;
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
4996
DAY1
23
DAY2
24
District
Sunderland
Easting
432180
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
551840
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Fencehouses
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition map of 1850. Bournmoor Colliery was opened in 1790 and closed on 27 February 1965. The owner in the 1820s was the Earl of Durham. In 1896 it was owned by Lambton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton and Hetton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton, Hetton and Joicey Collieries Ltd and the National Coal Board from 1947.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition. Bournmoor Colliery was opened in 1790 and closed on 27 February 1965. The owner in the 1820s was the Earl of Durham. In 1896 it was owned by Lambton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton and Hetton Collieries Ltd, then Lambton, Hetton and Joicey Collieries Ltd and the National Coal Board from 1947.
Site Name
Bournmoor Colliery, A Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
6925
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 1999, Lambton Cokeworks, Sunderland
J. Nolan & A. Durkin, 1995, A Wooden Colliery Wagonway at the former Bournmoor D Pit, Sunderland
I. Ayris, J. Nolan & A. Durkin, 1998, The Archaeological Excavation of Wooden Waggonway Remains at Lambton, Industrial Archaeology Review, Vol XX, p 5-22
Northern Archaeological Associates, 2001, Sunderland Central Route, Multi Modal Study, Cultural Heritage Chapter
PLB Consulting Ltd, 1998, Wooden Wagonway at Lambton Cokeworks
Bullen Consultants, 2003, Lambton Coke Works, Archaeological Assessment; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Penshaw: Not just a monument - Historic Village Atlas;
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
Newcastle
Easting
423700
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569300
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Coxlodge
Description
Opened before 1821, closed 1894. Coxlodge Colliery had three pits Bower Pit, Jubilee or North Pit and Regent or Engine Pit. Owners of the colliery in the 1850s were Bell and Brandling, then Joshua Bower, then Burradon and Coxlodge Colliers, and lastly NG Lambert & Co. An explosion on 6 March 1863 killed 19 people.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Opened before 1821, closed 1894. Coxlodge Colliery had three pits Bower Pit, Jubilee or North Pit and Regent or Engine Pit. Owners of the colliery in the 1850s were Bell and Brandling, then Joshua Bower, then Burradon and Coxlodge Colliers, and lastly NG Lambert & Co. An explosion on 6 March 1863 killed 19 people.
Site Name
Coxlodge Colliery, Bower Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
6924
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; TH Hair, 1844, Views of the Collieries in The Counties of Northumberland and Durham
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
741
DAY1
16
DAY2
14
District
N Tyneside
Easting
434329
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572017
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Monkseaton
Description
A cellar cock-pit with glass lights was advertised in the sale or lease of the Seven Stars in Monkseaton in 1814. Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
A cellar cock-pit with glass lights was advertised in the sale or lease of the Seven Stars in Monkseaton in 1814.
Site Name
Monkseaton, Seven Stars Public House, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6923
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2021
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6497
DAY1
16
District
Newcastle
Easting
424800
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564100
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
There was an advertisement for "The Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" (a cock-fighting contest for the upper classes) at Mr Loftus's Pit, Bigg Market, Newcastle to begin "precisely at eleven o'clock each day". Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
There was an advertisement for "The Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" (a cock-fighting contest for the upper classes) at Mr Loftus's Pit, Bigg Market, Newcastle to begin "precisely at eleven o'clock each day".
Site Name
Bigg Market, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6922
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
137
DAY1
16
DAY2
20
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436900
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569300
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Possible cock-fighting pit. There is a pit sunk into the cellar floor beneath what was for many years Boots the Chemist and is now the Victoria Wine shop in Front Street, Tynemouth. It measures 3.5m in diameter, 1.2m deep with access by five narrow steps on the south perimeter. It was reported in the Shields Weekly News on 7 August 1970. Tradition says there was another pit at the Salutation Inn in Front Street, but nothing now survives. Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
Possible cock-fighting pit. There is a pit sunk into the cellar floor beneath what was for many years Boots the Chemist, later Victoria Wine shop, later Threshers off licence in Front Street, Tynemouth. The basement is accessible from steps at the rear of the shop. The pit measures 3.5m in diameter, 1.2m deep with access by five narrow steps on the south perimeter. It was reported in the Shields Weekly News on 7 August 1970. Lynn Pearson says there are similar suspected cockpits in the cellar of a house on High Street in Totnes, Devon (which is listed) and in the basement of a shop in Dorking, Surrey. A cockpit has been rebuilt at the St. Fagans National History Museum near Cardiff. Tradition says there was another pit at the Salutation Inn in Front Street, but nothing now survives.
Site Name
Front Street, Victoria Wine Shop, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6921
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports; Pearson, Lynn, 2010, Played in Tyne and Wear - Charting the heritage of people at play, p 128-131
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2015
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
6496
DAY1
16
District
Newcastle
Easting
424900
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
In the 1770s "The Stand on the Hill" was advertised at Henzell's cockfighting pit in Newcastle's Flesh Market, suggesting that spectators had a raised vantage or viewing point, perhaps upper tiers of seats in a covered pit. There was also an advert for "Mordue's New Pit" in the Flesh Market in the 1770s. Here cock-fighting contests were to start at 10am because gentlemen had been complaining about their birds having to fight by candlelight. Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
In the 1770s "The Stand on the Hill" was advertised at Henzell's cockfighting pit in Newcastle's Flesh Market, suggesting that spectators had a raised natural vantage or viewing point, or perhaps upper tiers of seats in a covered pit. There was also an advert for "Mordue's New Pit" in the Flesh Market in the 1770s. Here cock-fighting contests were to start at 10am because gentlemen had been complaining about their birds having to fight by candlelight. There were as many as eight different cock-fighting pits advertising in the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle in the eighteenth century and there were probably others who did not advertise.
Site Name
Flesh Market, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6920
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports; Pearson, Lynn, 2010, Played in Tyne and Wear - Charting the heritage of people at play, p 128-129
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
7891
DAY1
16
District
Newcastle
Easting
424700
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564100
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
A cock-fighting competition or "Gentlemen Trademen's Main" was held at the old Turk's Head in Newcastle in April 1798, and another for unqualified tradesmen in March 1814. In the Durham County Advertiser of 14 January 1815 there is a notice that during the week commencing 13 February the fighting at Mr. Bull's pit in Newcastle (ie The Turk's Head) would be postponed until 27 February due to fighting in Durham that week. There were as many as eight different cock-fighting pits advertising in the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle in the eighteenth century and there were probably others who did not advertise. Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
A cock-fighting competition for the upper classes or a "Gentlemen Trademen's Main" was held at the old Turk's Head in Newcastle in April 1798, another for "Gentlemen's Suscription Mains" in 1809, and another for unqualified tradesmen in March 1814. In the Durham County Advertiser of 14 January 1815 there is a notice that during the week commencing 13 February the fighting at Mr. Bull's pit in Newcastle (ie The Turk's Head) would be postponed until 27 February due to fighting in Durham that week. There were as many as eight different cock-fighting pits advertising in the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle in the eighteenth century and there were probably others who did not advertise.
Site Name
Bigg Market, Turk's Head, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6919
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports; Frank Graham, 1976, Historic Newcastle, page 20
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
16
DAY2
20
District
Newcastle
Easting
424000
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
Cock-fighting was made illegal by The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849. Some cock pits fought on illegally however - the Gallowgate pit in Newcastle was said to have been the last active pit in England, surviving until a police rais in 1874. Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. This feature is about 400m away from Grindon village. The pis consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable.
SITEASS
Cock-fighting was a popular pastime throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was often referred to as the "Royal Sport". The pursuit had a number of notable folloers including the Duke of Cleveland and Earl of Northumberland. Contests were advertised as "Gentlemen's Subscription Mains" but the "sport" was actually popular with all classes. Established rural cock-pits were often no more than an uncovered earthwork, they were generally located in or near to villages. The pits consisted of a central fighting platform, 2.5m or more in diameter, surrounded by a shallow ditch and external bank. During the contest low boards were put on the platform to contain the birds. Three classes of birds were normally used - stags which were under one year old, cocks which were older, and blinkards or one-eyed veterans. Birds who refused to fight were known as "fugies" or "hamies". Cock-fighting became a well publicised and financially well-backed "sport". As well as the local venues, cock-fighting also took place at local race meetings, usually in the morning, followed by the horse racing in the afternoon. Events were advertised in the local press, such as the Newcastle Courant. Prizes were normally in the region of 10-20 Guineas, however there were occasions when they could be as much as 500 Guineas. Sometimes the prizes for cock-fighting were of greater value than the awards for the local horse races. By the early nineteenth century opposition against the barbarity of cock-fighting was increasing, due to improved education and a religious revival which exerted moral pressures on society. Many of the local gentry turned to other pastimes, such as fox hunting, which at the time was more politically and socially acceptable. The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849 made cock-fighting illegal.
Site Type: Broad
Baiting Place
SITEDESC
The cock fighting season ran from Christmas to July. Later important 'mains' coincided with Newcastle Race Week. Cock fighting was the first sport to be organised along county lines with prearranged fixtures and a set of laws. During a typical Race Week, a thousand birds might fight. Prizes ranged from sheep or pigs to 500 guineas. In Newcastle the last known advertisement for a cockfight during the races is dated 1821. Pierce Egan's 'Book of Sports' dated 1832 claimed that Newcastle could 'challenge all the world for cocking'. In 1835 the sport was made a misdemeanour. It was finally made illegal by The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1849. Some cock pits fought on illegally however - the Gallowgate pit in Newcastle was said to have been the last active pit in England, surviving until a police raid in 1874. Even then there is evidence that cockfighting continued into the 20th century.
Site Name
Gallowgate, cockpit
Site Type: Specific
Cockpit
HER Number
6918
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
George Jobey, 1992, Cock-fighting in Northumberland and Durham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XX, pp 1-21; P. Egan, 1832, Newcastle may challenge the world for cocking in Book of Sports; Pearson, Lynn, 2010, Played in Tyne and Wear - Charting the heritage of people at play, p 11, 128-129
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2015