English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
3056
DAY1
07
District
Sunderland
Easting
432190
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555720
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Usworth
Description
A bleach works is listed in Pigot's National Commercial Directory 1834 as Washington Bleach Mill, the bleacher being Robson Clark. Hugh Lee Pattinson took over the bleach works to build his chemical works (HER 3056) in 1837 or 1842.
SITEASS
Chemical bleaching using chlorine was discovered in 1785 by Claude Louis Berthollet in France. The method came to Britain within a couple of years. Continuous bleaching was introduced by temporarily sewing the pieces of fabric together to form a long ribbon of cloth which was drawn through the various processes by powered winches. The cloth snaked through overhead porcelain 'eyes' between vats and kiers where it was steeped to keep it clear of the factory floor (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, SH Higgins, 1924, A history of bleaching, AE Musson and E Robinson, 1969, Science and technology in the industrial revolution, chapter eight).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
A bleach works is listed in Pigot's National Commercial Directory 1834 as Washington Bleach Mill, the bleacher being Robson Clark. Hugh Lee Pattinson took over the bleach works to build his chemical works (HER 3056) in 1837 or 1842.
Site Name
Usworth, bleach works
Site Type: Specific
Bleach Works
HER Number
6747
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6747 >> Archaeo-Environment Ltd, 2004, Desk Top Assessment of the former Washington Chemical Works; Pigot and Co, 1834, National Commercial Directory; S. Miller and G. Nairn, 1998, The People's History Around Washington, pp 94-5
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
3056
DAY1
07
DAY2
10
District
Sunderland
Easting
432200
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
2
MONTH2
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555890
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Usworth
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition. Pattinson Town (named after the founder of Washington Chemical Works, Hugh Lee Pattinson) comprised of originally one row of terraced houses, each with a long garden. From a valuation of the works carried out in 1856, we know that these houses were workers cottages consisting of 3 rooms each, with a pantry, coal house, piggery and attached garden. There 28 cottages in all, 2 cottages occupied by cartmen. There was also a manager's house with 8 rooms and a garden, a foreman's house and a clerk's house. A footpath lead from the cottages to the works. By 1896 there was an additional row of cottages with allotments on the north side of the road for the residents. Demolished by 1964.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey first edition. Pattinson Town (named after the founder of Washington Chemical Works, Hugh Lee Pattinson) comprised of originally one row of terraced houses, each with a long garden. From a valuation of the works carried out in 1856, we know that these houses were workers cottages consisting of 3 rooms each, with a pantry, coal house, piggery and attached garden. There 28 cottages in all, 2 cottages occupied by cartmen. There was also a manager's house with 8 rooms and a garden, a foreman's house and a clerk's house. A footpath lead from the cottages to the works. By 1896 there was an additional row of cottages with allotments on the north side of the road for the residents. Demolished by 1964. The foundation course of part of a wall and some paving was revealed during an archaeological evaluation excavation in 2014.
Site Name
Usworth, Pattinson Town
Site Type: Specific
Terrace
HER Number
6746
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6746 >> Ordnance Survey first edition map 1850; Archaeo-Environment Ltd, 2004, Desk Top Assessment of the former Washington Chemical Works; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2014, Washington Chemical Works, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Evaluation
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
725
DAY1
04
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435380
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572050
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Built in 1864 by Salvin, at the expense of the Duke of Northumberland. Snecked sandstone. Three-stage tower with mask corbel table under an octagonal spire. Stained glass - west window to William died 1883, son of W.B. Wilkinson of Newcastle, who in 1854 patented a successful reinforced concrete. North aisle first window by Wailes & Strang. Third window dated 1901 by Camm & Co of Smethwick. Lychgate 1894 by W.S Hicks. The boundary wall includes a grade two listed drinking fountain. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
Built in 1864 by Salvin, at the expense of the Duke of Northumberland. Snecked sandstone. Three-stage tower with mask corbel table under an octagonal spire. Stained glass - west window to William died 1883, son of W.B. Wilkinson of Newcastle, who in 1854 patented a successful reinforced concrete. North aisle first window by Wailes & Strang. Third window dated 1901 by Camm & Co of Smethwick. Lychgate 1894 by W.S Hicks. The boundary wall includes a grade two listed drinking fountain.
Site Name
Church of St. Paul
Site Type: Specific
Church
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
6745
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, The Coliseum, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment; N. Pevsner and I. Richmond, second edition revised by G. McCombie, P. Ryder and H. Welfare, 1992, The Buildings of England: Northumberland, p 625; Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 5/181 and 5/180
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
725
DAY1
04
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435480
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572110
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Attractive shop on corner of Whitley Road and Park Avenue with huge windows, some with arched fanlights above. Curved corner window has a balcony/balustrade. Looks contemporary in date to the front of the Coliseum Theatre two doors up, which was erected in the 1930s. LOCAL LIST
Site Type: Broad
Shop
SITEDESC
Attractive shop on corner of Whitley Road and Park Avenue with huge windows, some with arched fanlights above. Curved corner window has a balcony/balustrade. 1926. Built 1926, as shown in tile work. An impressive building with good positioning on the corner in Whitley Bay town centre. Local Register status only applies to the corner block.
Site Name
256 Whitley Road, Belvedere shop
Site Type: Specific
Shop
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
6744
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, The Coliseum, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment; North Tyneside Council, November 2008, Register of Buildings and Parks of Special Local Architectural and Historic Interest SDP (Local Development Document 9)
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Civil
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
725
DAY1
04
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435560
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572160
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
The Northumberland Constabulary fire station opened in 1909. It is shown on the Ordnance Survey third edition map of 1919. Still there. "Council Cottage" was demolished to make way for it.
Site Type: Broad
Fire Station
SITEDESC
The Northumberland Constabulary fire station opened in 1909. It is shown on the 3rd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1919. Still there. "Council Cottage" was demolished to make way for it.
Site Name
Whitley Bay, fire station
Site Type: Specific
Fire Station
HER Number
6743
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, The Coliseum, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
725
DAY1
04
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435540
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572170
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
A long north-south building is shown at this location on the Ordnance Survey second edition map of 1898. It may be Mr Wilkin's Cottage. Still in existence.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
A long north-south building is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1898. It may be Mr Wilkin's Cottage. Still in existence. Brick with slate roof.
Site Name
The Barracks, former pitman's cottage
Site Type: Specific
Detached House
HER Number
6742
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, The Coliseum, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
725
DAY1
04
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435540
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572130
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
The Whitley Park Inn is shown at this location on the Ordnance Survey first edition map of 1860. Outbuildings are shown to the rear, which may be the mains of the 17th century malt kiln and byre of John Dove (see HER 5479). By the second edition map of 1898 it is shown as a hotel. By c.1900 it was known as the Victoria Hotel. There is surviving stone masonry abutting the rear of Whitley House. These could relate to the 17th century buildings of John Dove (his malt kiln was still visible behind Whitley House in 1893) or they could potentially be even earlier in date. They could be the oldest surviving substantial structural remains in Whitley Bay. Whitley House is now occupied by Tindle and Williamson. Inside it retains a stairway with wide handrail and barley sugar balustrade, which look 17th century in style, but could be a Victorian reproduction. Even if the building does not contain earlier fabric, it is still a well-preserved example of an early 19th century grand residence, which still retains much of its original decorative detail such as plasterwork, coving, windows etc. Recommendation - suggest for listing.
SITEASS
There is surviving stone masonry abutting the rear of the Victoria Inn. These could relate to the C17 buildings of John Dove (his malt kiln was still visible behind Whitley House in 1893) or they could potentially be even earlier in date. They could be the oldest surviving substantial structural remains in Whitley Bay.
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
The Whitley Park Inn is shown at this location on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map of 1860. Outbuildings are shown to the rear, which may be the remains of the C17 malt kiln and byre of John Dove (see HER 5479). By the second edition map of 1898 it is shown as a hotel. By c.1900 it was known as the Victoria Hotel.
Site Name
Whitley Road, Victoria Inn
Site Type: Specific
Public House
HER Number
6741
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, The Coliseum, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment and Photographic Record; W.W. Tomlinson, 1893, Historical Notes on Cullercoats, Whitley and Monkseaton
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
725
DAY1
04
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572120
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Whitley House, with its "picturesque iron porch", was erected in 1803 on ground formally owned by John Dove (see HER 5479). Thomas Stevens built the house incorporated part of Dove's 1670s malt-kiln and byre in its constructed. Stevens died soon after and the house was advertised to be let in the Newcastle Courant of December 17th 1803. It was described as a "new-built pleasant and commodious mansion-house, consisting of an entrance hall 10 feet wide, a dining room and drawing room on the ground floor each 23 foot by 17ft, a breakfast room 22 foot by 17ft, with lodging rooms and other conveniences suitable for a genteel family, with coach house, stables and other outbuildings, and a large garden and hothouse behind the same". In 1803 the tenancy was taken by Zepheniah Shipley the elder, in trust for Thomas Stevens (the younger?) but this was a short-lived arrangement, as in 1806 he occupied a farm adjoining Whitley Link. In 1811 the occupier was A Ilderton, in 1817 Sanderson Ilderton and in 1818 Samuel Walker Parker. In 1840 it was sold to Henry Mitcalf JP (MP for Tynemouth in 1841). He made additions to the west side of the house. In 1855 it was rented by Mrs Lydia Green and in 1862 by Henry Bell. In 1869 it was sold to Lawrence W. Anderson, who left in 1894. The building was then occupied by a Mr Peterson for 18 months. It was then empty until conversion as the Unionist Club in 1902. LOCAL LIST
SITEASS
There is surviving stone masonry abutting the rear of Whitley House. These could relate to the C17 buildings of John Dove (his malt kiln was still visible behind Whitley House in 1893) or they could potentially be even earlier in date. They could be the oldest surviving substantial structural remains in Whitley Bay. Whitley House is now occupied by Tindle and Williamson. Inside it retains a stairway with wide handrail and barley sugar balustrade, which look C17 in style, but could be a Victorian reproduction. Even if the building does not contain earlier fabric, it is still a well-preserved example of an early C19 grand residence, which still retains much of its original decorative detail such as plasterwork, coving, windows etc. Recommendation - suggest for listing.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Whitley House, with its "picturesque iron porch", was erected in 1803 on ground formally owned by John Dove (see HER 5479). Thomas Stevens built the house incorporated part of Dove's 1670s malt-kiln and byre in its constructed. Stevens died soon after and the house was advertised to be let in the Newcastle Courant of December 17th 1803. It was described as a "new-built pleasant and commodious mansion-house, consisting of an entrance hall 10 feet wide, a dining room and drawing room on the ground floor each 23ft by 17ft, a breakfast room 22ft by 17ft, with lodging rooms and other conveniences suitable for a genteel family, with coach house, stables and other outbuildings, and a large garden and hothouse behind the same". In 1803 the tenancy was taken by Zepheniah Shipley the elder, in trust for Thomas Stevens (the younger?) but this was a short-lived arrangement, as in 1806 he occupied a farm adjoining Whitley Link. In 1811 the occupier was A Ilderton, in 1817 Sanderson Ilderton and in 1818 Samuel Walker Parker. In 1840 it was sold to Henry Mitcalf JP (MP for Tynemouth in 1841). He made additions to the west side of the house. In 1855 it was rented by Mrs Lydia Green and in 1862 by Henry Bell. In 1869 it was sold to Lawrence W. Anderson, who left in 1894. The building was then occupied by a Mr Peterson for 18 months. It was then empty until conversion as the Unionist Club in 1902.
Site Name
246-248 Whitley Road, Whitley House
Site Type: Specific
Town House
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
6740
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, The Coliseum, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment and Photographic Record; W.W. Tomlinson, 1893, Historical Notes on Cullercoats, Whitley and Monkseaton; North Tyneside Council, November 2008, Register of Buildings and Parks of Special Local Architectural and Historic Interest SDP (Local Development Document 9)
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
725
DAY1
04
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572150
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
The Coliseum, advertised as a new theatre and variety hall, was built in the garden of Whitley House, then the Unionist Club, by Mr William Smelt and opened on Whit Saturday in 1910. The Whitley Seaside Chronicle described it thus: "the interior is spacious, and the roof, pannelled and ornamental, is lofty, and well provided with ventilators. At either side of the stage a couple of boxes, roomy enough each to accommodate ten persons, are provided, and in common with the proscenium and the front of the side balconies, are finely ornamented with embossed Olsina and coloured in pink and cream. Altogether the effect of the interior is very pleasing". Plans to extend the Coliseum Theatre to take in the former Whitley House were proposed in 1919, and in 1930 the new entrance from the main street replaced the side entrance from The Arcade. In later years (from the 1970s?) the Coliseum served as a bingo hall. LOCAL LIST
SITEASS
The auditoreum interior contained [2004] some decorative features, stage, scene changing and lighting equipment, overhead gantries, projection room, seating etc. Recorded in 2004 prior to demolition.
Site Type: Broad
Music Speech and Dance Venue
SITEDESC
The Coliseum, advertised as a new theatre and variety hall, was built in the garden of Whitley House, then the Unionist Club, by Mr William Smelt and opened on Whit Saturday in 1910. The Whitley Seaside Chronicle described it thus: "the interior is spacious, and the roof, pannelled and ornamental, is lofty, and well provided with ventilators. At either side of the stage a couple of boxes, roomy enough each to accommodate ten persons, are provided, and in common with the proscenium and the front of the side balconies, are finely ornamented with embossed Olsina and coloured in pink and cream. Altogether the effect of the interior is very pleasing". Plans to extend the Coliseum Theatre to take in the former Whitley House were proposed in 1919, and in 1930 the new entrance from the main street replaced the side entrance from The Arcade. In later years (from the 1970s?) the Coliseum served as a bingo hall. An evaluation on site in 2008 revealed medieval or post medieval walls and a culvert beneath the former theatre site.
Site Name
246-248 Whitley Road, Coliseum Theatre
Site Type: Specific
Theatre
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
6739
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, The Coliseum, Whitley Bay, Archaeological Assessment and Photographic Record; North Tyneside Council, November 2008, Register of Buildings and Parks of Special Local Architectural and Historic Interest SDP (Local Development Document 9); AOC Archaeology, 2008, The Coliseum, York Road, Whitley Bay - Archaeological Evaluation
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
5577
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
426220
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564470
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Ouseburn
Description
This former garage first appears on the 3rd edition (1916) Ordnance Survey, although other structures appear on the site prior to this map and parts of their fabric are likely to have been incorporated into the late 19th century/early 20th century structure. The building is of interest because of its mixture of dressed sandstone blockwork, sandstone rubble and brick, suggesting various stages of development and alterations. The earliest phases are the large blocks of sandstone which sit directly on top of the quay wall. Above this is mixed dressed and rubble sandstone. These blocks appear to form a 1-2 metres deep platform for the building. Above this is late 19th century/early 20th century brick. The south elevation is of mixed sandstone rubble which continues to the height of the large garage door. This stonework also acts as a retaining wall for the slipway. To the north a wall has been removed and a modern extension built. Two small rectangular openings are visible on the western elevation - perhaps ventilation or drainage channels. There is no information available regarding the original function of the building, however its location adjacent to the slipway (HER 5577) suggests that a function that required the slipway and associated with the Ouseburn.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
This former garage first appears on the 3rd edition (1916) Ordnance Survey, although other structures appear on the site prior to this map and parts of their fabric are likely to have been incorporated into the late C19/early 20th century structure. The building is of interest because of its mixture of dressed sandstone blockwork, sandstone rubble and brick, suggesting various stages of development and alterations. The earliest phases are the large blocks of sandstone which sit directly on top of the quay wall. Above this is mixed dressed and rubble sandstone. These blocks appear to form a 1-2m deep platform for the building. Above this is late C19/early 20th century brick. The south elevation is of mixed sandstone rubble which continues to the height of the large garage door. This stonework also acts as a retaining wall for the slipway. To the north a wall has been removed and a modern extension built. Two small rectangular openings are visible on the western elevation - perhaps ventilation or drainage channels. There is no information available regarding the original function of the building, however its location adjacent to the slipway (HER 5577) suggests that a function that required the slipway and associated with the Ouseburn.
Site Name
26 Lime Street
Site Type: Specific
Garage
HER Number
6738
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 2004, 26 Lime Street Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment [HER report 2004/66]
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
2005