<< HER 5606 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850; J.E. Parsons, 1964, The Archaeology of the clay tobacco pipe in North-East England, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4th Series, Vol XLII, pp 231-254; Allan Peacey, 1996, The Development of the Clay Pipe Kiln in the British Isles, Internet Archaeology 1 http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue1/peacey_index.html
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
425501
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563708
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Gateshead
Description
A female skeleton was found during excavations at Oakwellgate in 1999. She was placed in a shallow north-south grave which had been cut into the road surface. She was aged between 35 and 40 at death, was around 5'1" tall and was apparently naked when buried. Dated by pottery and clay pipe in the grave fill, to the period 1645-50. She could have been a victim of the Civil War. However as the grave lay outside the boundaries of the parish churchyard and as it was not orientated east-west like a conventional Christian burial, it is also possible that she was the 'witch' whose burial in 1649 was recorded in the church warden's accounts for St. Mary. These account books contain references to events in Gateshead in the 17th century and 18th century, including references to the Gateshead witch-hunt of 1649 "Paid at Mris Watsons, when the Justices sate to examin the witches 3s. 4d, for trying the witches £1. 5s, for a grave for a witch 6d". Following their trial the Gateshead witches were carried to Durham gaol.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
A female skeleton was found during excavations at Oakwellgate in 1999. She was placed in a shallow north-south grave which had been cut into the road surface. She was aged between 35 and 40 at death, was around 5 feet 1 inch tall and was apparently naked when buried. Dated by pottery and clay pipe in the grave fill, to the period 1645-50. She could have been a victim of the Civil War. However as the grave lay outside the boundaries of the parish churchyard and as it was not orientated east-west like a conventional Christian burial, it is also possible that she was the 'witch' whose burial in 1649 was recorded in the church warden's accounts for St. Mary. These account books contain references to events in Gateshead in the C17 and 18th century, including references to the Gateshead witch-hunt of 1649 "Paid at Mris Watsons, when the Justices sate to examin the witches 3s. 4d, for trying the witches £1. 5s, for a grave for a witch 6d". Following their trial the Gateshead witches were carried to Durham gaol.
Site Name
Oakwellgate, Human burial
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
5604
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5604 >> J. Nolan & J. Vaughan/Arcus, 2002, Excavations at the site of the Regional Music Centre, Oakwellgate, Gateshead, Draft Report; 18th century, St Mary's Church - church warden's accounts;
E. MacKenzie & M. Ross, 1834, An Historical View of Durham, pp 89-90
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
425010
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563430
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gateshead
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Type: Broad
Industrial Building
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Pipewellgate, Asphalte Works
Site Type: Specific
Works
HER Number
5603
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5603 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
424850
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563260
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gateshead
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition.
Site Type: Broad
Industrial Building
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Pipewellgate, Boiler Cover Works
Site Type: Specific
Works
HER Number
5602
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5601 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1890
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
424900
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563320
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gateshead
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition.
Site Type: Broad
Glassmaking Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Pipewellgate, Bottle Works
Site Type: Specific
Bottle Works
HER Number
5601
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5601 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1890
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
425580
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Brick; Sandstone
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563720
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Gateshead
Description
Found in excavation 1999. The remains of a brick and sandstone rubble structure were found, surviving to 42cm wide and 53cm high. It could have measured 4 x 6 metres across. The external wall was sandstone, the internal skin or lining brick. Inside were three rows of unmortared bricks (flues for heat distribution) set on edge 6cm apart. They were covered by fine-grained sooty black and reddish-brown clayey soil containing fragments of brick which had been subject to intense heat. The association of clay tobacco pipemaking waste (HER 2045) suggests a dual function for the kiln. The kiln was out of use by the early 18th century, although Bourne's reference to the 'Brick Kiln Field' in 1736 suggests that this activity continued elsewhere in the area. During the watching brief after the excavation of 1999, possible traces of other brick kilns were found east of the Rectory.
SITEASS
This kiln represents a technological advance on the clamp kiln - with permanent walls, brick flues and a stokehole to the south. Comparable with brick kilns of similar date excavated elsewhere (eg. Runsell Green, Essex, Flintham Hall, Nottinghamshire and Atherstone, Warwickshire).
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Found in excavation 1999. The remains of a brick and sandstone rubble structure were found, surviving to 42cm wide and 53cm high. It could have measured 4 x 6m across. The external wall was sandstone, the internal skin or lining brick. Inside were three rows of unmortared bricks (flues for heat distribution) set on edge 6cm apart. They were covered by fine-grained sooty black and reddish-brown clayey soil containing fragments of brick which had been subject to intense heat. The association of clay tobacco pipemaking waste (HER 2045) suggests a dual function for the kiln. The kiln was out of use by the early 18th century, although Bourne's reference to the 'Brick Kiln Field' in 1736 suggests that this activity continued elsewhere in the area. During the watching brief after the excavation of 1999, possible traces of other brick kilns were found east of the Rectory.
Site Name
Oakwellgate, brick kiln
Site Type: Specific
Brick Kiln
HER Number
5600
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5600 >> H. Bourne, 1736, History of Newcastle,
P.J. Drury, 1975, Post Medieval Brick and Tile Kilns at Runsell Green, Danbury, Essex, Post Medieval Archaeology, 9, pp 203-11
R.C. Alvey, 1980, A Post Medieval Brick Kiln at Flintham Hall, Nottinghamshire, Transactions of the Thoroton Society, 86, pp 118-22
K. Scott, 1975, Brick making in North Warwickshire, Transactions of Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society, 89, p 138-144
J. Nolan & J. Vaughan/Arcus, 2002, Excavations at the site of the Regional Music Centre, Oakwellgate, Gateshead, Draft Report
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
427220
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563160
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Felling
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. 1879
(Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 133, site 8)
Site Name
Friar's Goose, brickfield
Site Type: Specific
Brickfield
HER Number
5599
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5599 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
3537
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
427510
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563220
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Felling
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition. Built as part of the expansion of Anthony Clapham's soap factory (HER 3515) in the 1830s. The chimney was 263 foot tall, then thought to be the tallest building on Tyneside. The works closed before WW1.
Site Type: Broad
Industrial Building
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map. Built as part of the expansion of Anthony Clapham's soap factory (HER 3515) in the 1830s. The chimney was 263 feet tall, then thought to be the tallest building on Tyneside. The works closed before WW1.
Site Name
Clapham's Chimney, Friar's Goose
Site Type: Specific
Chimney
HER Number
5598
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5598 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1890
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
427390
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563160
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Felling
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Friar's Goose, clay pit
Site Type: Specific
Clay Pit
HER Number
5597
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5597 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2004
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
3489
DAY1
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
424800
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563210
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gateshead
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Pipewellgate, Colour Works
Site Type: Specific
Colour House
HER Number
5596
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5596 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850