On the site of the former workshops related to the operation of Harton coal staiths and electric railway are the remains of a chimney, carrying a date stone of 1865. The surviving structure is approx 30 feet in height, and 10 feet by 10 feet in plan (internally approx. 5 feet by 5 feet). Built of brick with a fire brick lining, the chimney has a stone string course about 15 feet from the ground. There is a cement ashlar facing on the north face, to string course level. On the west and south faces are markings from former abutting buildings. The chimney has been reduced in height at some time. Flues can be seen within the walls about 7 feet and 10 feet from the ground. The lower areas of the interior are encrusted with deposits on the fire brick. The chimney is undoubtedly the sole surviving structure from the glassworks which stood on the site in the 19th century (HER ref. 2340). LOCAL LIST
Site Type: Broad
Industrial Building
SITEDESC
On the site of the former workshops related to the operation of Harton coal staiths and electric railway are the remains of a chimney, carrying a date stone of 1865. The surviving structure is approx. 30ft in height, and 10ft by 10ft in plan. Built of brick with a fire brick lining, the chimney has a stone string course at about 15ft from the ground. There is a cement ashlar facing on the north face, to string course level. On the west and south faces are markings from former abutting buildings. The chimney has been reduced in height at some time. Internally the chimney is approx. 5ft by 5ft in plan. Flues can be seen within the walls about 7 and 10ft from the ground. The lower areas of the interior are encrusted with deposits on the fire brick. The structure came to light when workshops on the site were being demolished by British Coal. The chimney, in recent times, had formed one corner of a building and had been enclosed by surrounding structures. The ashlar faced north side of the structure represents an external face of this arrangement. The chimney is undoubtedly the sole surviving structure from the Swineburne Glassworks which stood on the site in the 19th century (HER 2340) {1}. The glassworks chimney stood to its original height in 1938. It had been reduced to its present height by 1973.
Site Name
Cookson's Glassworks, chimney
Site Type: Specific
Chimney
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
4983
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4983 >> I. Ayris, Chimney Remain near Mill Dam, South Shields
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 47; North of England Civic Trust on behalf of South Tyneside Council, September 2006, Mill Dam Conservation Area; George B. Hodgson, 1996, Borough of South Shields (first published 1903); N. Pevsner, 1953, The Buildings of England: County Durham; SOUTH TYNESIDE LOCAL LIST REVIEW 2011:
REFERENCE NUMBER: LSHA/4/SS
YEAR1
2001
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
DAY2
22
District
Newcastle
Easting
423700
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Elswick
Description
Richardson's Tannery, also known as Elswick Leather Works was located between Water Street and Dunn Street. Richardson's moved from Whitby to Tyneside in 1766 and opened the Elswick works in 1863. The firm became one of the area's leading concerns and the works continued in use until 1971. It was the last leather works on the north bank of the river.
SITEASS
Tanning is the conversion of animal hides and skins into leather by soaking them in a liquid containing tannin. Tanning was carried out in tanyards - open sided buildings with many large pits in which the hides were treated. Hair and wool was cleaned by soaking the hides in milk of lime. The pelts were then soaked in tannin (a vegetable material found in the bark of birch, elm, hemlock, larch, oak , spruce and willow). The bark is ground to a powder in a bark mill, then soaked in water for six to eight weeks to extract the tannic acid (leaching). The pelts were soaked for up to ten months in 'layer pits' containing tannin of different strength, starting with the weakest solution first, with pieces of oak bark between each pelt. After soaking, the pelts, now leather were then hand scrubbed and rolled with a weighted hand roller. In C19 wood-lined tanning drums were introduced to replace hand scrubbing. At the end of the century chromium was used to produce chrome leathers. The leather could be dyed by a currier (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Leather Industry Site
SITEDESC
Richardson's Tannery, also known as Elswick Leather Works was located between Water Street and Dunn Street. Richardson's moved from Whitby to Tyneside in 1766 and opened the Elswick works in 1863. The works occupied about 3 acres. The firm became one of the area's leading concerns and the works continued in use until 1971. It was the last leather works on the north bank of the river.
Site Name
Richardson's Tannery (Elswick Leather Works)
Site Type: Specific
Tannery
HER Number
4982
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4982 >> Riverside Heritage, Lead, Leather and Gas; The Elswick Leather Works, Messrs. E and J Richardson, Proprietors, Descriptive Account of Newcastle, pp 61-2
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
431290
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
554090
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fatfield
Description
A much needed bridge was built at Fatfield in 1891, to the design of D. Balfour. It carried the main road from Washington to Houghton until it was superseded by the new Chartershaugh Bridge, a short distance upstream.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
A much needed bridge was built at Fatfield in 1891, to the design of D. Balfour. It carried the main road from Washington to Houghton until it was superseded by the new Chartershaugh Bridge a short way upstream.
Site Name
Fatfield, Bridge
Site Type: Specific
Road Bridge
HER Number
4981
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4981 >> I. Ayris, River Wear Trail Board 20;
YEAR1
2001
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
DAY1
01
DAY2
02
District
Sunderland
Easting
434990
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556800
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
South Hylton
Description
This building was listed Grade II in 1978, and removed from the National Heritage List in 2021 following a serious fire in July 2019. The listing description read:
'Public house. c1910. Bright red brick ground floor, with faience plinth and ashlar dressings; painted render first floor with painted ashlar dressings; front range roof of plain tiles, rear ranges grey tiles. U-plan with 2 rear wings.
EXTERIOR: 2 storeys, 3 windows, the left in canted corner. Central half-glazed double door in early C18 re-used bolection-moulded stone surround with side scrolls to corniced panel under scrolled pediment; initials I H D, for John and Dorothy Hilton, and date 1705; in open pediment, arms of Hilton impaling Musgrave with mask in corniced finial. Said to have come from C18 N wing of Hylton Castle (qv). First floor string. Raised stone surrounds, stone projecting sills, mullions and cornices, and renewed glazing to ground-floor windows and sashes on first floor, paired in left canted corner, flanking door and above door, and in right bay, under front gable, a ground-floor canted bay and paired windows above. Roof, hipped over left canted corner, and with ridge from front right gable, has deep bracketed eaves. Roofs of rear parallel wings have higher eaves than front range. Battered rendered ridge chimney with ashlar cornice.
INTERIOR has been refurbished.'
SITEASS
Pevsner describes it as "an ordinary early C20 pub with a doorcase removed from an earlier building on the site. Moulded architrave below a tablet flanked by scrolls and garlands, narrower cornice above, and a swan-necked pediment dated 1705 I.H.D.M (John Hilton and Dorothy Musgrave) below an escutcheon with arms of Hilton impaling Musgrave also flanked by garlands and scrolls".
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
This building was listed Grade II in 1978, and removed from the National Heritage List in 2021 following a serious fire in July 2019. The listing description read:
'Public house. c1910. Bright red brick ground floor, with faience plinth and ashlar dressings; painted render first floor with painted ashlar dressings; front range roof of plain tiles, rear ranges grey tiles. U-plan with 2 rear wings.
EXTERIOR: 2 storeys, 3 windows, the left in canted corner. Central half-glazed double door in early C18 re-used bolection-moulded stone surround with side scrolls to corniced panel under scrolled pediment; initials I H D, for John and Dorothy Hilton, and date 1705; in open pediment, arms of Hilton impaling Musgrave with mask in corniced finial. Said to have come from C18 N wing of Hylton Castle (qv). First floor string. Raised stone surrounds, stone projecting sills, mullions and cornices, and renewed glazing to ground-floor windows and sashes on first floor, paired in left canted corner, flanking door and above door, and in right bay, under front gable, a ground-floor canted bay and paired windows above. Roof, hipped over left canted corner, and with ridge from front right gable, has deep bracketed eaves. Roofs of rear parallel wings have higher eaves than front range. Battered rendered ridge chimney with ashlar cornice.
INTERIOR has been refurbished.'
Site Name
High Street, The Golden Lion Public House
Site Type: Specific
Public House
SITE_STAT
Listing Building Delisted
HER Number
4980
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Department of National Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, 920-1/3/281; I. Ayris, The River Wear Trail Board Fourteen - South Hylton
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2001
YEAR2
2023
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
439620
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MATERIAL
Wrought iron
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 NE 117
Northing
557420
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Sunderland
Description
The railway bridge, built in 1879, was designed by T.E. Harrison, the Chief Engineer of the North Eastern Railway. When built it was the largest hog-back iron girder bridge in the world. Its dull design, however, has led it to be perpetually overshadowed by the neighbouring road bridge. The bridge has a single span of 300 feet (91.4 metres) at 86 feet (26.2 metres) above high water. The bridge led south to rail tunnels totalling 1,000 yards (914.4 metres) in length on the approach to Sunderland station. LISTED GRADE 2
SITEASS
Pevsner describes its "dull design relieved only by oval openwork stiffening webs. Looks good from a moving bus on the adjacent road bridge".
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The railway bridge, built in 1879, was designed by T.E. Harrison, the Chief Engineer of the North eastern Railway. When built it was the largest hog-back iron girder bridge in the world. Its dull design, however, has led it to be perpetually overshadowed by the neighbouring road bridge {1}. Wrought iron box girder bowstring bridge of two cross-braced ribs giving single span of 300ft (91.4m) at 86ft (26.2m) above high water; masonry approach viaducts. An otherwise dull bridge, relieved by oval openwork stiffening webs. Opened 1879 and led south to rail tunnels totalling 1,000 yards (914.4m) in length on approach to Sunderland station {2}.
Site Name
Wearmouth Railway Bridge
Site Type: Specific
Railway Bridge
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
4979
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4979 >> I. Ayris, The River Wear Trail Board Ten - The Bridges; I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 21; List Entry 1207051
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
439660
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MATERIAL
Steel
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 NE 166
Northing
557410
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
An iron bridge built across the Wear in 1796 was at the time the largest iron bridge in the world. It was promoted and designed by Roland Burdon, MP for County Durham, who was involved in the development of the Sunderland to Stockton turnpike road. The building of the new Wearmouth Bridge, a three pinned steel arch bridge, created a modern facility for the movement of traffic, but with the removal of the old cast iron bridge, Wearside lost not only one of its most majestic structures but also a monument to engineering ingenuity. The new bridge was designed by Mott Hay and Anderson, constructed by Sir Wm. Arrol & Co Ltd. and opened in 1929. A plaque on upstream balustrade at south approach tells how this bridge replaced the famous cast iron bridge erected 1796, vastly modified by Robert Stephenson in 1858 and finally demolished in 1929. While it survived it was the largest cast iron span at 236 feet (71.9 metres). There is an interesting flight of steps down to river level on north-east side. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
An iron bridge was built across the Wear in 1796. When it was constructed it was the largest iron bridge in the world. It was promoted and designed by Roland Burdon, MP for County Durham, who was involved in the development of the Sunderland to Stockton turnpike road. It was rebuilt by Robert Stephenson in 1859. The building of the new Wearmouth Bridge, a three pinned steel arch bridge, created a modern facility for the movement of traffic, but with the removal of the old cast iron bridge, Wearside lost not only one of its most majestic structures but also a monument to engineering ingenuity {1}. A 3-pinned steel arch bridge with two parabolic ribs. Masonry faced concrete abutments; single span of 375ft (114.3m) at c.90ft (27.5m) above high water level. Designed by Mott Hay and Anderson and constructed by Sir Wm. Arrol & Co Ltd, it was opened in 1929. Plaque on upstream balustrade at south approach tells how this bridge replaced the famous cast iron bridge by Rowland Burdon, erected 1796, vastly modified by Robert Stephenson in 1858 and finally demolished in 1929. While it survived it was the largest cast iron span at 236ft (71.9m) {2}. Interesting flight of steps down to river level on north-east side {3}.
Site Name
Wearmouth Bridge
Site Type: Specific
Road Bridge
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
4978
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4978 >> I. Ayris, The River Wear Trail Board Ten - The Bridges; I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 21; Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area;
G. Lancaster Groves, 1929, The New Wearmouth Bridge, Sunderland, Minutes of Proceedings of Institite of Civil Engineers, Session 1929; Sunderland City Council, 2019, The Wearmouth Bridge Heritage Statement
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4800
DAY1
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
441600
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MATERIAL
Aberdeen Granite
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558700
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Sunderland
Description
Work began on the construction of the roundhead for the lighthouse in 1902 (the pier was begun in 1885). The first stone was laid by GR Booth, R Thompson and RM Hudson of the River Wear Commission. The foundations for the lighthouse used the same method as the pier - concrete bags. Once these were positioned and levelled, a huge cast iron caisson was floated out and sunk in position. The caisson was filled with 10,000 tons of concrete. The superstructure above this comprised 43 granite face blocks like those used in the main pier. The total weight of the roundhead was around 23,000 tons. The lighthouse was built of alternating red and grey Aberdeen granite (lighthouses are commonly painted red and white to make them highly visible). The granite has weathered so is not as vibrant as it would have been originally. The lantern, by Messrs Chance Brothers of Birmingham, was gas powered and had eight sides forming an octagonal prism around the lamp. The lens and reflectors moved by clockwork. The mechanism for this was carried by a float placed in a vat of mercury. The illumination was visible for 15 miles. A complete set of oil lamps was installed in the event of failure of the gas supply. The lighthouse and pier were completed in 1903. The final stone was set above the lighthouse door: 'THE FOUNDATION BLOCK OF THIS PIER WAS LAID ON THE 14TH OF SEPTEMBER 1885 BY JAMES LAING, ESQUIRE, CHAIRMAN OF THE RIVER WEAR COMMISSION. TO RECORD ITS COMPLETION THIS STONE WAS PLACED IN POSITION ON THE 23RD SEPTEMBER 1903 BY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF DURHAM, LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY; JENNESON TAYLOR, CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMISSIONERS; HENRY HAY WAKE, MEM. INST. C. E. ENGINNER'. In May 1904 the gas burners were replaced by cheaper vapourised petroleum which gave a brighter light. The gas burners were retained as a backup. In 1986 the original cut and polished prismatic lens was replaced by a gearless pedestal with a range of 23 miles. In 2007 the new pedestal was replaced with a more energy efficient PRL400 system, by Pelangi International Ltd {info taken from NAA 2012}.
SITEASS
The pier and lighthouse are considered to be of exceptional significance as a prime example of late Victorian engineering, and testimony to the ingenuity of Wake's design and adaptability. The site also fosters a greater understanding of the growth of the Sunderland docks and wider economic development of the region. This is only 1 of 14 recorded lighthouses in the North East, and is one of an even smaller sub-group of private lighthouses erected as part of harbour or pier developments. The nearest comparable example is Seaham, also designed by Wake, but much smaller in size. What sets Roker apart from other lighthouses is its size, quality of design, extent of preservation and degree of investment represented in its construction. This is reflected in the interior fittings, design of the railings and lamp standards, quality of stonework. Aesthetically the pier is considered to be of exceptional significance as a well known and loved local landmark. The lighthouse is in need of restoration. Corrosion has weakened some of the main structural elements and the interior needs refurbishing {NAA 2012}.
Site Type: Broad
Navigation Aid
SITEDESC
Work began on the construction of the roundhead for the lighthouse in 1902 (the pier was begun in 1885). The first stone was laid by GR Booth, R Thompson and RM Hudson of the River Wear Commission. The foundations for the lighthouse used the same method as the pier - concrete bags. Once these were positioned and levelled, a huge cast iron caisson was floated out and sunk in position. The caisson was filled with 10,000 tons of concrete. The superstructure above this comprised 43 granite face blocks like those used in the main pier. The total weight of the roundhead was around 23,000 tons. The lighthouse was built of alternating red and grey Aberdeen granite (lighthouses are commonly painted red and white to make them highly visible). The granite has weathered so is not as vibrant as it would have been originally. The lantern, by Messrs Chance Brothers of Birmingham, was gas powered and had eight sides forming an octagonal prism around the lamp. The lens and reflectors moved by clockwork. The mechanism for this was carried by a float placed in a vat of mercury. The illumination was visible for 15 miles. A complete set of oil lamps was installed in the event of failure of the gas supply. The lighthouse and pier were completed in 1903. The final stone was set above the lighthouse door: 'THE FOUNDATION BLOCK OF THIS PIER WAS LAID ON THE 14TH OF SEPTEMBER 1885 BY JAMES LAING, ESQUIRE, CHAIRMAN OF THE RIVER WEAR COMMISSION. TO RECORD ITS COMPLETION THIS STONE WAS PLACED IN POSITION ON THE 23RD SEPTEMBER 1903 BY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF DURHAM, LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY; JENNESON TAYLOR, CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMISSIONERS; HENRY HAY WAKE, MEM. INST. C. E. ENGINNER'. In May 1904 the gas burners were replaced by cheaper vapourised petroleum which gave a brighter light. The gas burners were retained as a backup. In 1986 the original cut and polished prismatic lens was replaced by a gearless pedestal with a range of 23 miles. In 2007 the new pedestal was replaced with a more energy efficient PRL400 system, by Pelangi International Ltd {info taken from NAA 2012}.
Site Name
Roker, Roker Pier Lighthouse
Site Type: Specific
Lighthouse
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
4975
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4975 >> I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 23
Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special ... Interest, 920-1/5/182
G.E. Milburn & S.T. Miller, 1988, Sunderland River, Town and People, p 19; Penny Middleton, Northern Archaeological Associates, 2012, Roker Lighthouse and Pier, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Building Recording and Statement of Significance; D Bell, 1904, The Sunderland Year Book; W Cranmer, 1919, The History of Sunderland; P O'Brien and P Gibson, 1997, Seaburn and Roker; LF Pearson, 1998, Lighthouses; River Wear Commissions Archive (ICW) held by Tyne and Wear Archives; plans by the River Wear Commission held by Sunderland Port Authority Archive; Northern Archaeological Associates, 2014, Roker Lighthouse and Pier, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear - Conservation Management and Maintenance Plan
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
441120
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558420
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
The River Wear Commissioners positioned a splendid lighthouse at To grace the seaward end of the old North Pier. Built of stone and designed by Jonathan Pickernell, it stood in this position from 1802 until the 1840s when it was moved bodily and erected at the end of the newly extended North Pier. This remarkable task was performed under the supervision of the Chief Engineer to the Commission, John Murray.
Site Type: Broad
Navigation Aid
SITEDESC
To grace the old North Pier the River Wear Commissioners positioned a splendid lighthouse at its seaward end. Built of stone and designed by Jonathan Pickernell, it stood in this position from 1802 until the 1840s when it was moved bodily and erected at the end of the newly extended North Pier. This remarkable task was performed under the supervision of the Chief Engineer to the Commission, John Murray. {1}
Site Name
Old North Pier Lighthouse
Site Type: Specific
Lighthouse
HER Number
4974
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4974 >> I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 22
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
441520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 45 NW 253
Northing
558120
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Sunderland
Description
Work on the New South Pier began in 1893. It was built of smaller blocks than Roker Pier (HER 4800) and included a high parapet wall and arched shelter recesses but was otherwise the same in design. Work stopped when war was declared in 1914. When work recommenced it was found that there was increased damage to the pier by wave action because of the narrow opening into the outer harbour. The south pier was therefore shortened in 1922 to 2,700 feet (822.96m). The sister lighthouse to Roker was never built. Instead the New South Pier is set with an unmanned column and fixed light.
Site Type: Broad
Landing Point
SITEDESC
Work on the New South Pier began in 1893. It was built of smaller blocks than Roker Pier (HER 4800) and included a high parapet wall and arched shelter recesses but was otherwise the same in design. Work stopped when war was declared in 1914. When work recommenced it was found that there was increased damage to the pier by wave action because of the narrow opening into the outer harbour. The south pier was therefore shortened in 1922 to 2,700 feet (822.96m). The sister lighthouse to Roker was never built. Instead the New South Pier is set with an unmanned column and fixed light.
Site Name
New South Pier
Site Type: Specific
Pier
HER Number
4973
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4973 >> I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 23; Penny Middleton, Northern Archaeological Associates, 2012, Roker Lighthouse and Pier, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Building Recording and Statement of Significance
YEAR1
2001
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4970
DAY1
07
District
Sunderland
Easting
434640
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556810
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
An old railway incline runs from Wood House (HER ref. 4970) to the River Wear. There is an engine winding house and a sequence of cells for loading waggons. The railway incline proceeds south-east, firstly as a cutting in the earth, then under a surviving masonry arch bridge, and then in a rock-cutting with some retaining walls down to the Wearside quayside level. Alongside the railway there is an old quarry site, now grown over with trees, and at the foot of the incline there are other structures including a chimney. There is also evidence of a tunnel. The incline is the most striking surviving feature of the area. The steep gully was probably constructed initially to convey sandstone from the mid 19th century quarry along a narrow gauge railway to the River Wear for use in the local building industry. As it became inceasingly harder to haul the stone over the lip of the quarry a tunnel was dug (c. 1.6 metres wide and 1.8 metres high) to transport the stone under the quarry face and down to the riverside. The tunnel has now been filled in for safety reasons. Later the gully was extended and the quarry line was replaced by a standard gauge line from Wood House to the Wear. The coal fired steam winding engine hauled materials up the incline and deposited them in the cells below.
SITEASS
In 2003 the stretch of the incline through a rock cutting has been subject to a rock fall.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
An old railway incline runs from Wood House (SMR 4970) to the River Wear. There is an engine winding house and a sequence of cells for loading waggons. The railway incline proceeds south-east, firstly as a cutting in the earth, then under a surviving masonry arch bridge, and then in a rock-cutting with some retaining walls down to the Wearside quayside level. Alongside the railway there is an old quarry site, now grown over with trees, and at the foot of the incline there are other structures including a chimney. There is also evidence of a tunnel. The incline is the most striking surviving feature of the area. The steep gully was probably constructed initially to convey sandstone from the mid 19th century quarry along a narrow gauge railway to the River Wear for use in the local building industry. As it became increasingly harder to haul the stone over the lip of the quarry a tunnel was dug (c. 1.6m wide and 1.8m high) to transport the stone under the quarry face and down to the riverside. The tunnel has now been filled in for safety reasons. Later the gully was extended and the quarry line was replaced by a standard gauge line from Wood House to the Wear. The coal fired steam winding engine hauled materials up the incline and deposited them in the cells below. {1} The railway incline proceeds firstly as a cutting in the earth, then under a surviving masonry arch bridge and then in a rock cutting with some retaining walls to the quayside level. At the foot of the incline are a number of walls and a chimney. The incline was probably constructed to carry sandstone from the adjacent quarry but was extended to Wood House later in the 19th century {2}.
Site Name
Wood House railway incline
Site Type: Specific
Railway Inclined Plane
HER Number
4971
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 4971 >> I.M. Ayris, 1987, High Woods - History and Industrial Development
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 81