A semicircle of stake holes (circa 3.50m in diameter) with a core amd surround of burned mortar and extensive spreads of limestone fragments was located on the Anglo Saxon cemetery surface immediately below the clay that formed the 1080 Castle rampart. It has been suggested that this is a mortar mixer. Other Anglo Saxon examples have been found at Wearmouth and at St. Peter's Street in Northampton. The mortar mixer may have been used to create the stone buildings, most specifically the presumed stone chapel (HER 13528).
Site Type: Broad
Industrial Building
SITEDESC
A semicircle of stake holes (circa 3.50m in diameter) with a core and surround of burned mortar and extensive spreads of limestone fragments was located on the Anglo Saxon cemetery surface immediately below the clay that formed the 1080 Castle rampart. It has been suggested that this is a mortar mixer. Other Anglo Saxon examples have been found at Wearmouth and at St. Peter's Street in Northampton. The mortar mixer may have been used to create the stone buildings, most specifically the presumed stone chapel (HER 13528).
Site Name
Castle Garth, mortar mixer
Site Type: Specific
Mortar Mixer
HER Number
17253
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
John Nolan with Barbara Harbottle and Jenny Vaughan, 2010, The Early Medieval cemetery at the castle, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, Fifth Series, Vol XXXIX, pp 172-3 and 257-8; C.P. Graves and D.H. Heslop, 2013, Newcastle upon Tyne - the Eye of the North, An Archaeological Assessment, p 83; R. Cramp, 2005, Wearmouth and Jarrow Monastic Sites, Vol 1, pp 93-5; J.H. Williams, 1979, The mortar mixers in St. Peter's Street, Northampton, Excavations 1973-1976, Archaeological Monograph 2, pp 118-133
YEAR1
2015
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
29
District
Newcastle
Easting
424400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Iron
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564300
General Period
EARLY MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Early Medieval 410 to 1066
Place
Newcastle
Description
Putative early medieval iron-socketed and barbed arrowhead.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Putative early medieval iron-socketed and barbed arrowhead.
Site Name
Stowell Street, iron socketed and barbed arrowhead
Site Type: Specific
Hollow Based Arrowhead
HER Number
17252
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
S. Adams, 2005, Excavations carried out in January and June 2003 at Stowell Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol 34, pp 97; C.P. Graves and D.H. Heslop, 2013, Newcastle upon Tyne - the Eye of the North, An Archaeological Assessment, p 66
YEAR1
2015
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Claire MacRae
Crossref
17248
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
421790
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563880
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Mid 20th Century 1933 to 1966
Place
Elswick
Description
Examples of post 1945 Tyneside flats with square bay windows to lower flat and none to the upper. Red brick with no stone detail. These are situated in a wider area of traditional Tyneside flats mostly in the generic bay window style.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
Examples of post 1945 Tyneside flats with square bay windows to lower flat and none to the upper. Red brick with no stone detail. These are situated in a wider area of traditional Tyneside flats mostly in the generic bay window style.
Site Name
Armstrong Road, Tyneside flats
Site Type: Specific
Tyneside Flat
HER Number
17251
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Pearce, K, unpublished document, Newcastle Tyneside Flats 1850-1900 By - Law Housing or Cultural Phenomenon?
YEAR1
2015
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Claire MacRae
Crossref
17248
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
422120
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564480
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Benwell
Description
Examples of Tyneside flats with canopies and bay windows to the ground floor only. These streets are situated in a wider area of tyneside flats mostly in the generic bay window style.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
Examples of Tyneside flats with canopies and bay windows to the ground floor only. These streets are situated in a wider area of Tyneside flats mostly in the generic bay window style.
Site Name
Farndale Road, Tyneside flats
Site Type: Specific
Tyneside Flat
HER Number
17250
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Pearce, K, unpublished document, Newcastle Tyneside Flats 1850-1900 By - Law Housing or Cultural Phenomenon?
YEAR1
2015
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Claire MacRae
Crossref
17248
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
427120
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565500
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Heaton
Description
Examples of Tyneside flats with gabled bay windows to the ground and first floor flats. The buildings on Eighth Avenue have a light brick façade. These streets are situated in a wider area of tyneside flats mostly in the generic bay window style.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
Examples of Tyneside flats with gabled bay windows to the ground and first floor flats. The buildings on Eighth Avenue have a light brick façade. Shallow town gardens to the front but some building have lost their front walls altogether. These streets are situated in a wider area of traditional Tyneside flats mostly in the generic bay window style.
Site Name
Seventh and Eighth Avenue, Tyneside flats
Site Type: Specific
Tyneside Flat
HER Number
17249
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Pearce, K, unpublished document, Newcastle Tyneside Flats 1850-1900 By - Law Housing or Cultural Phenomenon?
YEAR1
2015
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
28
District
Tyneside
LANDUSE
Building
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Description
Tyneside flats can be found across the whole of North and South Tyneside. They were widely constructed from the 1860-70s in an attempt to solve the housing problems caused by a rising population in urban areas. For example, in Newcastle there was a five fold increase in population between 1831 and 1911 particularly due to the presence of industrial works such as Armstrong's in Elswick. Overcrowding was a problem with families living in one or two rooms. Tyneside flats were seen as an economical solution to the problem. Their external appearance gave the impression of terraced streets similar to middle class housing. The middle-class decoration (stone quoin stones, stone lintels, stone mounted door bells etc) became more prevalant later in the 19th century masking any shortcomings the flats had in terms of their interiors. Increasingly the Tyneside flat was built to accommodate the 'aristocracy' of the working-class and even lower-middle class famillies. There are two basic varieties; the earlier style of a two roomed ground floor with three roomed flat above and a later style from the 1870s onwards of a three roomed ground floor and four roomed upper. This latter style became the prevalant type from the 1880s onwards. The architectural style of the flats varies. Many have a front bay window on both storeys, others have gabled bays or canopies. Almost all have two front doors side by side the left for the ground floor and right for upper. Later flats had an added scullery at the back. The backyards to the flats were to be a minimum of one quarter of the whole building plot and contained toilets and coal facilities divided from other flats by high walls.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
Tyneside flats can be found across the whole of North and South Tyneside. They were widely constructed from the 1860-70s in an attempt to solve the housing problems caused by a rising population in urban areas. For example, in Newcastle there was a five fold increase in population between 1831 and 1911 particularly due to the presence of industrial works such as Armstrong's in Elswick. Overcrowding was a problem with families living in one or two rooms. Tyneside flats were seen as an economical solution to the problem. Their external appearance gave the impression of terraced streets similar to middle class housing. The middle-class decoration (stone quoin stones, stone lintels, stone mounted door bells etc) became more prevalent later in the 19th century masking any shortcomings the flats had in terms of their interiors. Increasingly the Tyneside flat was built to accommodate the 'aristocracy' of the working-class and even lower-middle class families. There are two basic varieties; the earlier style of a two roomed ground floor with three roomed flat above and a later style from the 1870s onwards of a three roomed ground floor and four roomed upper. This latter style became the prevalent type from the 1880s onwards. The architectural style of the flats varies. Many have a front bay window on both storeys, others have gabled bays (e.g. HER 17249) or canopies (egg HER 17250). Some have no bay windows at all such as those on Hotspur Street, Heaton. Almost all have two front doors side by side the left for the ground floor and right for upper. Later flats had an added scullery at the back. The backyards to the flats were to be a minimum of one quarter of the whole building plot and contained toilets and coal facilities divided from other flats by high walls.
Site Name
Tyneside flats
Site Type: Specific
Tyneside Flat
HER Number
17248
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Pearce, K, unpublished document, Newcastle Tyneside Flats 1850-1900 By - Law Housing or Cultural Phenomenon?
YEAR1
2015
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Claire MacRae
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
DAY2
20
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436220
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Built Over
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567150
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
South Shields
Description
A large chapel with galleries, built in 1808 for £3,800 and several times extended. Last used in the late 19th century and demolished between 1938 and 1955.
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
A large chapel with galleries, built in 1808 for £3,800 and several times extended. Last used in the late 19th century and demolished between 1938 and 1955.
Site Name
Chapter Row, Wesleyan Methodist Chapel
Site Type: Specific
Wesleyan Methodist Chapel
HER Number
17247
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
Prospect Archaeology, 2015, South Shields Masterplan - Archaeological Assessment; Peter Ryder, 2017, Nonconformist Chapels of South Shields
YEAR1
2015
YEAR2
2018
English, British
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Claire MacRae
DAY1
28
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435700
EASTING2
3557
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Recreational Usage
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MATERIAL
Concrete; brick
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
572460
NORTHING2
7264
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
The Central Lower Promenade at Whitley Bay opened June 6th 1914 to the design of Mr A J Ronsell. This was due to the increased numbers of people taking day trips and holidays to the coast. In 1910 a new railway station was erected as well as an expansion in the number of hotels, tearooms and other recreational facilities such as Spanish City. Works were carried out by Mr Davidson of Newcastle for £3750 with labour from shipyard and engineering workers unemployed during the Depression. The promenade was built to offer protection and improvement to the Links. It was originally 2953m long and contained a central shelter to accommodate 600 people with a terrace on its roof. The complex was intended to be the first installment of what was planned to be an extensive promenade. The Lower Promenade suffered more severe tidal damage in 1925. Between 1960 and 1990 most of the original shop fronts were replaced and a brick frontage was added as a replacement in a number of bays. The business units of the promenade gradually fell out of use and into disrepair in line with the decline of British Seaside Resorts. The last business moved out c.2005. Soon after the concrete sea wall at beach level was deemed unsound and was replaced in brick. However, the decision has since been taken to demolish the promenade. A record of the structure was made by NAA in 2015. Features of particular interest internally included the original public toilets, a large safe and surviving original windows.
Site Type: Broad
Walk
SITEDESC
The Central Lower Promenade at Whitley Bay opened June 6th 1914 to the design of Mr A J Ronsell. This was due to the increased numbers of people taking day trips and holidays to the coast. In 1910 a new railway station was erected as well as an expansion in the number of hotels, tearooms and other recreational facilities such as Spanish City. Works were carried out by Mr Davidson of Newcastle for £3750 with labour from shipyard and engineering workers unemployed during the Depression. The promenade was built to offer protection and improvement to the Links. It was originally 2953m long and contained a central shelter to accommodate 600 people with a terrace on its roof. The complex was intended to be the first instalment of what was planned to be an extensive promenade. The Lower Promenade suffered more severe tidal damage in 1925. Between 1960 and 1990 most of the original shop fronts were replaced and a brick frontage was added as a replacement in a number of bays. The business units of the promenade gradually fell out of use and into disrepair in line with the decline of British Seaside Resorts. The last business moved out c.2005. Soon after the concrete sea wall at beach level was deemed unsound and was replaced in brick. However, the decision has since been taken to demolish the promenade. A record of the structure was made by NAA in 2015. Features of particular interest internally included the original public toilets, a large safe and surviving original windows.
Site Name
Central Lower Promenade
Site Type: Specific
Promenade
HER Number
17246
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Northern Archaeological Associates, 2015, Central Lower Promenade Whitley Bay - Historic Building Recording
YEAR1
2015
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Claire MacRae
Crossref
4886, 17244, 17243
DAY1
21
District
Newcastle
Easting
424600
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Brick; stone
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563520
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
The southern two warehouses of the Pottery Lane/Forth Banks corner. Assessed in 2015 and described as in a delapidated condition. Both warehouses are believed to have once been utilised by the Henzell Northern Oil Company, having formerly been part of the Skinnerburn Iron Foundry (HER 4886). The eastern warehouse is of three storeys brick built facing Forth Banks and stone built to the rear facing Cookson's Lane. The westerm warehouse appears similar in construction but the whole roof structure has collapsed inwards.
Site Type: Broad
Warehouse
SITEDESC
The southern two warehouses of the Pottery Lane/Forth Banks corner. Assessed in 2015 and described as in a dilapidated condition. Both warehouses are believed to have once been utilised by the Henzell Northern Oil Company, having formerly been part of the Skinnerburn Iron Foundry (HER 4886). The eastern warehouse is of three storeys brick built facing Forth Banks and stone built to the rear facing Cookson's Lane. The western warehouse appears similar in construction but the whole roof structure has collapsed inwards.
Warehouse comprising part of the former premises of the Henzell Oil Company which functioned as a storage, blending and distribution facility. The building appears to have been absorbed parts of the Skinnerburn Iron Works when the company expanded (HER 4886). The NE elevation is principal and fronts onto Forth Banks. The ground floor formally communicated with neighbouring buildings via two double width door openings (now blocked). These were probably associated with the Skinnerburn Iron Works rather than the Oil Company. Flooing on the ground floor is of poured concrete. Some modern partitions are present. On the first floor there are timber floorboards and other features such as fireplaces, skirting boards and a ceiling rose. There is a second floor space at the rear of the warehouse this contains timber floorboards, blocked window openings and a modern clad roof.
Site Type: Broad
Warehouse
SITEDESC
Warehouse comprising part of the former premises of the Henzell Oil Company which functioned as a storage, blending and distribution facility. The building appears to have been absorbed parts of the Skinnerburn Iron Works when the company expanded (HER 4886). The NE elevation is principal and fronts onto Forth Banks. The ground floor formally communicated with neighbouring buildings via two double width door openings (now blocked). These were probably associated with the Skinnerburn Iron Works rather than the Oil Company. Flooring on the ground floor is of poured concrete. Some modern partitions are present. On the first floor there are timber floorboards and other features such as fireplaces, skirting boards and a ceiling rose. There is a second floor space at the rear of the warehouse this contains timber floorboards, blocked window openings and a modern clad roof.