The northern terminus of this line was at the Low Lambton and Blackfell Staiths (HER ref. numbers 3076 and 3061, respectively) from where it ran southwards into County Durham (the border between the two counties being regarded as its southern terminus for the purposes of the Historic Environment Record). In 1812 John Nesham invested in a new line with iron rails from his Newbottle pits to Sunderland where the wagons could be unloaded directly into the colliery ships. The line through Penshaw was remained in use until the final closure of the Lambton Railway, along with New Herrington Colliery (the 'New Pit') in 1985, which marked the end of coal mining in the vicinity of Penshaw.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The southern terminus of this line as recorded here is where it left the county. Its northern terminus was at the Low Lambton and Blackfell Staiths, (HER numbers 3076 and 3061 respectively). In 1812 John Nesham invested in a new line with iron rails from his Newbottle pits to Sunderland where the wagons could be unloaded directly into the colliery ships. Prior to this a wooden waggonway was in use by 1704 between the Earl of Scarborough's pits at Lumley and staiths at Penshaw. When Nesham's business ran into difficulty the railway was sold to John George Lambton in 1822. The Lambton Railway evolved into one of the great private industrial railways of the 19th and 20th centuries. It passed to the NCB along with the former Lambton collieries in the 1940s. The line through Penshaw was remained in use until the final closure of the Lambton Railway, along with New Herrington Colliery (the 'New Pit') in 1985, which marked the end of coal mining in the vicinity of Penshaw.
Site Name
Lambton Railway (Earl of Scarborough's waggonway)
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
3077
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3077 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Penshaw: Not just a monument - Historic Village Atlas; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2013, Waggonways to the South Bank of the River Tyne and to the River Wear; Turnbull, L, 2012, Railways Before George Stephenson (entry 84) p 63 and 172; Bell's Map of 1829 (TWAS Bell 2/421); NEIMME: Watson 31/9
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
3077
DAY1
26
DAY2
24
District
Sunderland
Easting
3219
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
07
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5478
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Low Lambton
Description
The Low Lambton Staiths form the northern terminus (with Blackfell Staiths) of the Lambton Railway (HER ref. 3077). Some signs of these structures are visible along the river front and the adjoining wagonway track has now become a footpath.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
Low Lambton Staiths. The northern terminus (with Blackfell Staiths) of the Lambton Railway (HER 3077). Recorded on Burleigh & Thompson's 1737 plan. Still functioning in the 1860s. Labelled disused by the late 19th century. Some signs are visible along the river front and the wagonway track has now become a footpath.
Site Name
Low Lambton, Staiths
Site Type: Specific
Staith
HER Number
3076
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3076 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in the River Wear plan area; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Penshaw: Not just a monument - Historic Village Atlas; Burleigh & Thompson, 1737, Plan of the River Wear, DRO D/XP 64
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
2659
DAY1
26
DAY2
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
3306
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
07
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 SW 31
Northing
5490
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
Cox Green Station was constructed on the North Eastern Railway, Painshaw Branch (HER ref. 2659). The railway is now disused and the tracks lifted, but the level crossing gates and platforms remain and the station building converted to use as a house.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Cox Green Station, on the North Eastern Railway, Painshaw Branch (SMR 2659) {1}. Disused railway tracks lifted, although level crossing gates and platforms remain. Station building in use as house {2}.
Site Name
Cox Green Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
3075
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 3075 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in River Wear plan area
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
3264
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5482
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was out of use by 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1858.
Site Name
Cox Green, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3074
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3074 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
3231
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5481
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Low Lambton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows Low Lambton Quarries at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Low Lambton Quarries.
Site Name
Low Lambton, Quarries
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3073
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3073 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
DAY2
31
District
Sunderland
Easting
3238
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
07
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5488
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
This stone-lined tunnel formerly linked Low Lambton Quarries to staithes on the river bank, where the stone was transferred to be transported downriver.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Sandstone worked from glassworks-owned Low Lambton Quarries was taken to Coxgreen and Penshaw staiths. At Coxgreen the wagonways were tunnelled through the hillside to emerge at the riverside staiths. Today three stone-lined tunnel entrances are still visible, although obscured by undergrowth.
Site Name
Cox Green, Tunnel
Site Type: Specific
Railway Tunnel
HER Number
3072
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 3072 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, 1978, Sites of interest in the River Wear plan area
Tyne and Wear County Council, 1985, Penshaw Monument and the River Wear leaflet
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
3248
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5506
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was out of use by 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1858.
Site Name
Cox Green, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3071
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3071 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
3280
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5520
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows Coxgreen Quarries at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Coxgreen Quarries.
Site Name
Cox Green, Quarries
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3070
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3070 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
26
DAY2
07
District
Sunderland
Easting
3281
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5529
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
During the 18th century and first half of the 19th century, Cox Green was an important focus for the transhipment of locally mined coal from land to river. A number of wagonways ran through the settlement and terminated at drops or staiths on the riverside. Shipbuilding yards developed on this point of the river Wear also. A shipyard with associated timber yard is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map to the north of active sandstone quarries. Nichol's Sands run along the full length of the shipyard. The shipyard site is now entirely covered by Edgewood Stables, but it is likely that some of its remains survive below ground.
SITEASS
The shipyard site is now entirely covered by Edgewood Stables. There is probably considerable potential for the survival of subsurface remains {2}.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
During the 18th century and first half of C19, Cox Green was an important focus for the transhipment of locally mined coal from land to river. A number of wagonways ran through the settlement and terminated at drops or staiths on the riverside. Shipbuilding yards developed on this point of the river Wear also. A shipyard is shown on the first edition OS map to the north of active sandstone quarries. Nichol's Sands run along the full length of the shipyard. The shipyards included a timber yard.
Site Name
Nichol's Sands, Shipbuilding Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
3069
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3069 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Penshaw: Not just a monument - Historic Village Atlas
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
3482
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
07
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5619
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Offerton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Smithy at this location.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Smithy.
Site Name
Offerton, Smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
3068
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3068 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13