Fenham North Pit is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was sunk after 1858. Owned by Bambridge and White in the 1880s.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Fenham North Pit is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was sunk after 1858. Owned by Bambridge and White in the 1880s.
Site Name
North Fenham Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4310
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4310 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421520
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565320
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fenham
Description
Fenham Laundry is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was probably built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Laundry
SITEDESC
Fenham Laundry is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was probably built after 1858.
Site Name
Fenham Laundry
Site Type: Specific
Laundry
HER Number
4309
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4309 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
4085
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421380
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563460
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Paradise Cement Works is marked as ‘Disused’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan and is not shown on the 1st edition, so was working between 1858 and 1895. These works replaced the earlier Paradise Color Works.
SITEASS
Cement is a calcinated mixture of lime and clay ground into a powder. When water is added it can be used for joining building materials together or for making concrete. Cement was known in Roman times. An underwater cement was devised by John Smeaton for Eddystone lighthouse in 1756. James Parker was granted a patent in 1796 for 'Roman' cement. Joseph Aspdin (1779-1855) of Leeds made the first artificial cement, called it Portland Cement and patented it in 1824. Louis Vicat of France determined the chemical formula for cement containing natural limestone in 1839. In 1844 Isaac Johnson discovered the modern method of making Portland cement and the use of concrete as a building material stems from this date. In 1854 reinforced concrete was developed to overcome the weakness of cement (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AJ Francis, 1977, The Cement Industry 1796-1914: a history, PE Halstead, 1961-2, The early history of Portland Cement, Newcomen Society Transactions 34 (1961-2), 37).
Site Type: Broad
Cement Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Paradise Cement Works, marked as Disused on the 2nd edition OS mapping and is not shown on the 1st edition, so was working between 1858 and 1895. These works replaced the earlier Paradise Color Works.
Site Name
Paradise Cement Works
Site Type: Specific
Cement Works
HER Number
4308
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4308 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421020
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563510
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Delaval Colliery is shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it opened after 1858. The colliery had a firebrick works from 1873-1906, belonging to John O Scott. In 1900 it produced 5 million firebricks.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Delaval Colliery is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858. The colliery had a firebrick works from 1873-1906. It belonged to John O Scott. In 1900 it produced 5 million firebricks.
Site Name
Delaval Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4307
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4307 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9,83
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
David Cockcroft
Crossref
4133
DAY1
12
DAY2
20
District
Newcastle
Easting
420050
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563740
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Opened in 1831, the tollhouse building for Scotswood Bridge, located on the north bank of the River Tyne, is identified on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey mapping. A photograph from the Newcastle Photo Archive dating to the 1860s looks south across the Tyne towards the bridge shows the toll house buildings. Tolling of the Scotswood Bridge ended in the late 1940s and the toll house was demolished in the late 1960s as part of the construction of the current Scotswood Bridge.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
Opened in 1831, the tollhouse building for Scotswood Bridge, located on the north bank of the River Tyne, is identified on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey mapping. A photograph from the Newcastle Photo Archive dating to the 1860s looks south across the Tyne towards the bridge shows the toll house buildings. Tolling of the Scotswood Bridge ended in the late 1940s and the toll house was demolished in the late 1960s as part of the construction of the current Scotswood Bridge.
Site Name
Scotswood Bridge, Toll House
Site Type: Specific
Toll House
HER Number
4306
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4306 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
Correspondence from I. Farrier - Newcastle Photo Archive
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2023
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
420190
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563690
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
A works was established at Scotswood by W illiam Armstrong in 1847 to produce his patented hydraulic cranes. This establishment developed into a substantial armaments works producing advanced ordnance developed by Armstrong. From 1867 the yard armed many of the warships built at the Low Walker Yard of Mitchell and Co. and in 1882, the companies amalgamated as Armstrong, Mitchell and Co. Ltd. In 1883, the newly amalgamated company established a naval yard for constructing warships next to Armstrong’s Ordnance Works and Mitchell's Low Walker Yard concentrated on the construction of merchant vessels. By 1912, the increasing size of warships necessitated the establishment of new a naval yard below the Tyne bridges at High Walker. The Scotswood works subsequently only handled uncompleted orders and a few submarines during World War One, with its final warship, the aircraft carrier Eagle, being launched in June 1918. In 1928, Armstrong, Mitchell partially merged with Vickers to form Vickers Armstrong Ltd. From this time, the High Walker Naval Yard traded under the name of this joint company, but the Low Walker Yard continued to trade under the title Armstrong Whitworth. This latter company also operated the former yards of William Dobson & Co and the Tyne Iron Shipbuilding Co Ltd. Voluntary liquidation of the yards within this Armstrong Mitchell group occurred in 1956.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
A Shipbuilding Yard, so was probably opened after 1858, as it is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping {1}. A works was established at Scotswood by William Armstrong in 1847 to produce his patented hydraulic cranes. This establishment developed into a substantial armaments works producing advanced ordnance developed by Armstrong. From 1867 the yard armed many of the warships built at the Low Walker Yard of Mitchell and Co. and in 1882, the companies amalgamated as Armstrong, Mitchell and Co. Ltd. In 1883, the newly amalgamated company established a naval yard for constructing warships next to Armstrong’s Ordnance Works and Mitchell's Low Walker Yard concentrated on the construction of merchant vessels.
By 1912, the increasing size of warships necessitated the establishment of new naval yard below Tyne bridges at High Walker. The Scotswood works subsequently only handled uncompleted orders and a few submarines during World War One, with its final warship, the aircraft carrier Eagle, being launched in June 1918.
In 1928, Armstrong, Mitchell partially merged with Vickers to form Vickers Armstrong Ltd. From this time, the High Walker Naval Yard traded under the name of this joint company, but the Low Walker Yard continued to trade under the title Armstrong Whitworth. This latter company also operated the former yards of William Dobson & Co and the Tyne Iron Shipbuilding Co Ltd. Voluntary liquidation of the yards within this Armstrong Mitchell group occurred in 1956 {2}.
Site Name
Sir W G Armstrong's Elswick Shipbuilding Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
4305
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4305 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
420730
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563650
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Scotswood, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4304
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4304 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
420070
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564570
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Benwell
Description
This Air Shaft is shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was sunk after 1858. This exact position of the shaft is diffucult to ascertain from the available historic map evidence.
Site Type: Broad
Mine Drainage and Ventilation Site
SITEDESC
An Air Shaft, which is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was sunk after 1858. This shaft is not shown clearly on the 2nd edition OS mapping, but probably lay within a 100m radius of this grid reference.
Site Name
Benwell, Air Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Air Shaft
HER Number
4303
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4303 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421360
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565790
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fenham
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Fenham, Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4301
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4301 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
421420
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565880
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fenham
Description
A 200 yard Rifle Range is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Military Training Site
SITEDESC
A 200yd Rifle Range, which is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858.
Site Name
Fenham, Rifle Range
Site Type: Specific
Firing Range
HER Number
4300
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4300 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW