Around 1840 a Mr Gibson started a brick and tile works at Scotswood on the site of a former paper mill, using local clay. In 1880 the works were taken over by the Adams twin brothers, who traded as Adams & Company, making sanitary ware with fireclay from a local clay pit. By 1890 the works had a drift mine in Denton Dene and the Enamel Works had opened. In 1904 Moses J. Adams began making 'Adamesk' art pottery garden ornaments, bird baths, plant pots, vases, cemetery urns and church baptismal fonts and smaller household items, using fireclay and decorated with leadless glazes. The glazes were invented by one of the employees, A.B. Searle, the colours obtained by adding metallic salts. The use of a muffle kiln instead of a quicker tunnel kiln, allowed a longer period of heat, and more subtle colours. The production of Adamesk pottery ceased for the duration of World War One. In 1912 Alan H. Adams joined his father's firm, becoming director in 1921. He designed many of the shapes of the sanitary ware and created Elan pottery, pressed with his private mark ‘AHA’. He also designed ornamental tiles, plaques and busts. In the 1970s the firm was taken over by American, Jim Lee, but it went into liquidation a year later. In 1977 Anderson Ceramics bought some of the equipment and moulds and the use of the name ‘Adamsez’. Adamsez (Anderson Ceramics Limited) now trade at Dukesway, Team Valley and still produce sanitary wares.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
An Enamelling and Glazing Works, which occupied the site of a former paper mill. This may also have been the site of Lister's Yard, which was leased from the Blackett-Ord family by Mr E R Lister in 1838. Around 1840 a Mr Gibson started a brick and tile works at Scotswood using local clay. In 1880 the works were taken over by the Adams twin brothers, as Adams and Company, making sanitary ware with fireclay from a local clay pit. By 1890 the works had a drift mine in Denton Dene and the Enamel Works had opened. In 1904 Moses J. Adams began making 'Adamesk' art pottery garden ornaments, bird baths, plant pots, vases, cemetery urns and church baptismal fonts and smaller household items, using fireclay and decorated with leadless glazes. The glazes were invented by one of the employees, A.B. Searle, the colours obtained by adding metallic salts. The use of a muffle kiln instead of a quicker tunnel kiln, allowed a longer period of heat, and more subtle colours. The production of Adamesk pottery stopped for WW1. In 1912 Alan H. Adams joined his father's firm and became director in 1921. He designed many of the shapes of the sanitary ware and created Elan pottery pressed with his private mark AHA. He also designed ornamental tiles, plaques and busts. In the 1970s the firm was taken over by American Jim Lee, but it went into liquidation a year later. In 1977 Anderson Ceramics bought some of the equipment and moulds and the use of the name Adamsez. Adamsez (Anderson Ceramics Limited) now trade at Dukesway, Team Valley and still produce sanitary ware. The site was leased from the Blackett-Ord family in 1838 by Mr E R Lister. He opened out a drift mine to work coal and fireclay, and manufacture fireclay goods. There appears to have been a High Yard and Low Yard. The works were taken over by Mr W Colville-Gibson in 1872 and by 1890 the firm was working a drift mine at Denton Dene and enamel works at the Low Yard (Scotswood?). Firebricks were made as well as white glazed bricks, facing bricks and ornamental garden ware; the firm’s trademark was a salmon. The Scotswood enamel works was run by the Adams family in 1903 but the name Gibson was retained up to 1920. Date: 1838 – 19??
19th/20th Century Fireclay works and enamel works
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 68 site 29(?), 84
Site Name
Enamelling and Glazing Works/Adamsez Works
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
4298
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4298 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9
T. Quinn, 1991, Bygone Scotswood
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9
R.C. Bell, 1986, Maling and other Tyneside Pottery
Tyne and Wear County Council, 1981, Maling - A Tyneside Pottery
R.C. Bell, 1971, Tyneside Pottery
R.C. Bell & M.A.V. Gill, 1973, The Potteries of Tyneside
F. Buckley, 1929, Potteries on the Tyne and Other Northern Potteries during the C188, Archaeologia Aeliana, series 4, p68-82
D.K. Gray, 1985, Introduction to Maling
S. Moore & C. Ross, 1989, Maling, The Trademark of Excellence
J.T. Shaw, 1973, The Potteries of Wearside
Benwell Community Project, 1980, Adamsez - The Story of a Factory Closure, Final Report Series, No.8
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2003
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
419490
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564100
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Montague Fire Brick Works, also known as Benson's Yard, was in operation from 1865-1925.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Montague Fire Brick Works, also known as Benson's Yard, this site was working from 1865-1925.
Site Name
Montague Fire Brick Works/Bensons Yard
Site Type: Specific
Fire Clay Works
HER Number
4297
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4297 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
4046
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
419230
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564370
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lemington
Description
A Brickworks is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, possibly replacing the smaller Brickfield shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
A Brickworks, possibly replacing the brickfield shown on the 1st edition OS mapping which occupied part of the site. Located just west of Mr Carr’s yard. It made firebricks, flue bricks, quarls, and sold fireclay. The yard had closed by 1873.
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 140
*(possibly the same as SMR4296)
Site Name
Bell's Close, brickworks
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
4296
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4296 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
419360
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564350
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
Scotswood Colliery is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Scotswood Colliery. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858.
Site Name
Scotswood Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4295
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4295 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
31
District
Newcastle
Easting
419050
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SE 62
Northing
564590
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Lemington
Description
West Denton Colliery, Yarmouth Pit opened in 1792. There were two other associated pits - Kew Pit and North or Gin Pit. It was owned by Edward Montagu MP in the 1700s, and later by West Denton Colliery Company. Nothing is shown here on Ordnance Survey first edition, an air shaft is shown on second edition, but by third edition (1919) West Denton Colliery, Yarmouth Pit is shown. The colliery closed in 1924.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
West Denton Colliery, Yarmouth Pit opened in 1792. There were two other associated pits - Kew Pit and North or Gin Pit. It was owned by Edward Montagu MP in the 1700s, and later by West Denton Colliery Company. Nothing is shown here on Ordnance Survey first edition, an air shaft is shown on second edition, but by third edition (1919) West Denton Colliery, Yarmouth Pit is shown. The colliery closed in 1924. An aerial photograph of 1946 shows the shaft and 20m of upcast spoil.
Site Name
West Denton Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4294
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4294 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW; 3rd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1919; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
4292
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
418730
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 16 SE 56
Northing
564590
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lemington
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows the location of this Station on the North Eastern Railway Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway (HER ref. 4292).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
A Station on the North Eastern Railway Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway, (HER 4292). The railway line opened in the 1870s to serve the riverside industries. There were never many passengers using this line, particularly after 1913 when a tram line was opened to Throckley. Lemington Station had timber buildings {Rippeth 1993}.
Site Name
Lemington, Railway Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
4293
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 4293 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
4293, 4299, 1032
DAY1
12
DAY2
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
420370
EASTING2
1475
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MAP2
NZ16SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
NMRNUMBER
LINEAR 1540
Northing
563790
NORTHING2
6551
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
In the late 1860s when the Tyne Ironworks, Spencer's steel works, Lemington Glass Works and other industries in Newburn were in full production, and collieries were working at Walbottle, Heddon and Throckley, the prospects of building a railway from Scotswood to North Wylam linking with the existing Newcastle - Carlisle Railway at each end, were examined. Industrialists needed an improved system of transport and joined forces to promote the scheme for the development of a public railway designed to serve their interests as well as possible new housing development in the Tyne Valley west of Newcastle. The original scheme, authorised by the Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway and Dock Act of 1871 also included the construction of a new dock due of the old Scotswood Suspension Bridge, but this part of the scheme was abandoned mainly due to problems of dredging. Construction of the line between Scotswood and Newburn was started in 1872 and completed in July 1875, with the extension to Wylam being opened as a single line in 1876. A second track was laid later that year. The western part of the line reused the line of the Wylam Wagonway. This route had become largely redundant by the late 1960s and the line into Newcastle on the east was closed in 1982. Since then lines and trackside buildings have all been removed. Surviving features were recorded in 2008 including the bridges of the approach to Scotswood Station and walled-up tunnel portals on the North Wylam Line. {5}
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
North Eastern Railway Newburn and Wylam Branch. The construction of this line was authorised by the Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway and Dock Act of 1871. The line joined the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway at both ends. It was opened between Scotswood and Newburn in 1875 and as a single line to Wylam in 1876, which was subsequently widened. The western part of the line reused the line of the Wylam Wagonway. It was operated from the start by the North Eastern Railway {1 and 2}. The Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway opened in 1876. The idea of building a railway along the northern bank of the river was investigated at the time that routes for the Newcastle-Carlisle railway were being examined. The eventual route chosen lay to the south of the Tyne. In the late 1860s when the Tyne Ironworks, Spencer's steel works, Lemington Glass Works and other industries in Newburn were in full production, and collieries were working at Walbottle, Heddon and Throckley, the prospects of building a railway from Scotswood to North Wylam linking with the existing Newcastle - Carlisle Railway at each end, were again examined. Among the sponsors of the project which was subsequently put forward were members of the Spencer family who owned the large steel works in Newburn, William Stephenson, one of the owners of Throckley Fireclay Brick and Tile Works and one of the collieries at Throckley, and Thomas Bates who owned Heddon Colliery and Brickworks. These industrialists needed an improved system of transport and joined forces to promote the scheme for the development of a public railway designed to serve their interests as well as possible new housing development in the Tyne Valley west of Newcastle extending out to Heddon and North Wylam. The original scheme, authorised by the Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway and Dock Act of 1871 also included the construction of a new dock due east of the old Scotswood Suspension Bridge, but this part of the scheme was abandoned mainly due to problems of dredging. Construction of the line between Scotswood and Newburn was started in 1872 and completed in July 1875 with the extension to Wylam being opened as a single line in 1876. A second track was laid later that year {3}. This route had become largely redundant by the late 1960s and the line into Newcastle on the east was closed in 1982. Since then lines and trackside buildings have all been removed. Surviving features were recorded in 2008 including the bridges of the approach to Scotswood Station and walled-up tunnel portals on the North Wylam Line. {5}
Site Name
NER Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
4292
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4292 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
Hoole, K. 1986, A Regional History of the Railways of Gt Britain, The North East, Vol 4, pp 197-9
Tyne & Wear HER, Newcastle District File, The Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway, pp 40-41
Pers. Comm, I. Ayris; The Archaeological Practice Ltd.,2008, Scotswood Housing Expo, Newcastle upon Tyne, Historic Buildings Recording
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
419200
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565800
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Denton
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area, indicating that it was out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
West Denton, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4291
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4291 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
420050
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565430
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Denton
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area, indicating that it was out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Denton, Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4290
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4290 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
Crossref
4051, 6959
DAY1
12
DAY2
14
District
Newcastle
Easting
420320
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565950
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
East Denton
Description
Montague Colliery was opened in 1750 by William Benson, closed 1959. The Mickley Coal Company utilised part of Kitty's Drift (underground railway, HER 6959) in the 1930s to take coal from Caroline Pit to the screens at the closed View Pit. The colliery was run by the National Coal Board from 1947.
SITEASS
MPP Site Assessment - Up until recently [1990s?] the remains of a powder house survived on this otherwise cleared site. This building has now been demolished and only the landscaped tips survive. Montague Colliery was opened by William Benson in 1750. It was subsequently owned by William Benson & Sons, and then from 1947 The National Coal Board. "Caroline Cottages" still survive.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Montague Colliery was opened in 1750 by William Benson, closed 1959. The Mickley Coal Company utilised part of Kitty's Drift (underground railway, HER 6959) in the 1930s to take coal from Caroline Pit to the screens at the closed View Pit. The colliery was run by the National Coal Board from 1947.
Site Name
Montague Main Colliery (Caroline Pit)
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4289
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4289 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97, NW; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; James T. Tuck, 1997, The Collieries of Northumberland; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2012, Waggonways North of the River Tyne: Tyne and Wear HER Enhancement Project 2011-12; Gibson 1787: Plan of the Collieries of the Rivers Tyne and Wear;
Casson 1801: Map of the Rivers Tyne and Wear