This Clay Pit is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, but not on the 2nd edition, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Clay Pit. This was probably out of use by 1895, as it is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping.
Site Name
Byker, Clay Pit
Site Type: Specific
Clay Pit
HER Number
4155
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4155 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
426600
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564360
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ouseburn
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Ballast Hill at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Ballast Hill
SITEDESC
A Ballast Hill created by ballast brought into the Ouseburn by empty boats, and off-loaded when they collected their cargo. William Gray describes the ballast hills in his "Chorographia" of Newcastle in 1649. The material was burnt for lime. Many ships coming to the Tyne to load coal entered the river 'light' or 'in ballast'. This means that no cargo was being carried. In the absence of cargo, the ballast gives the vessel stability. Ships returning from London coal voyages often carried shingle or chalk as ballast. Sand and other materials were also used. Over the centuries, great hills of ballast grew along both banks of the Tyne. There were substantial ballast hills near Bill Point Walker, Willington Quay, Hebburn, Jarrow and North and South Shields. Ships were charged fees to unload their ballast. By the early 1820s this was about 20p per ton. To avoid the fee some masters resorted to the dangerous act of discharging ballast before entering harbour. One estimate suggests that some 20% of all imported ballast ended up in the river, risking the Tyne silting up.
Site Name
Ouseburn, Ballast Hill
Site Type: Specific
Ballast Hill
HER Number
4154
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4154 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97; Dick Keys and Ken Smith, 2005, Tall Ships on the Tyne, p 6
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
DAY2
24
District
Newcastle
Easting
426090
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564190
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ouseburn
Description
The name Ropery Banks indicates the site of the former St Anne's Ropery of Joseph Crawhill, which is shown on Corbridge's 1772 map of Newcastle. Joseph Crawhall, born in 1793, came to Newcastle in 1809 as apprentice rope maker to Alderman Smith of St Peters. He eventually purchased St Ann's Ropery and by the 1820s had become part of the local elite. He built a rope-shaped tower at his ropeworks … "a curious chimney, in form like a gigantic rope's end turned into stone… It was well known by sailors all over the world". Crawhill was elected Sheriff in 1846 and Mayor in 1849. He died in 1853. In the 1820s and ‘30s the Crawhill family lived in St Ann's House next to the rope works. The house and garden are shown on a painting of 1827 by J W Carmichael. The house later became Ouseburn Police Station and then an engineering works. No ropery is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Rope Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Ropery Bank. No ropery is shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, The name Ropery Banks indicates the site of the former St Anne's Ropery of Joseph Crawhill, which is shown as a ropewalk on Corbridge's 1725 map of Newcastle. It was referred to as "Sandgate Ropery" in a lease of 1 July 1725. The ropery was leased to John Pembroke in July 1731. It included a tarrhouse, storehouse and washhouse. By 1764 one or more cottages had been erected at the east end of the ropeworks. In 1765 William Cramlington leased the site for 21 years. The lease in 1811 of a house on the West Ballast Hills, on which the ropery was built, to a "wire worker" may indicate that the works had moved into the production of wire ropes. The lease of the ropery was acquired by Joseph Crawhall in July 1825. Crawhall, born in 1793, came to Newcastle in 1809 as apprentice rope maker to Alderman Smith of St Peters. By the 1820s he had become part of the local elite. In the 1820s the Crawhall family moved from West House in Walker to St Ann's House next to the rope works. The house and garden are shown on a painting of 1827 by J W Carmichael. Crawhall built a rope shaped tower at his ropeworks … "a curious chimney, in form like a gigantic rope's end turned into stone… It was well known by sailors all over the world". The chimney was dismantled stone by stone in 1961 because it was in dangerous condition. Crawhall was elected Sheriff in 1846 and Mayor in 1849. He died in 1853. The ropeworks remained in the family until the late C19. 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1898 shows St Ann's Wire Rope and Brattice Cloth Works and the Tyne Wire Works on the site. The house later became Ouseburn Police Station and then an engineering works. Crawhall's son, also called Joseph became a famous engraver and artist. The Crawhall family lived in St. Ann's House on the New Road next to the ropery. The entrance from the ropery to the house was a whale's jawbone. In 1835 JW Carmichael painted a watercolour from the garden of the house towards Newcastle. The house later became Ouseburn Police Station, then an engineering works. It was demolished in 1992.
Site Name
St Anne's Ropery
Site Type: Specific
Ropery
HER Number
4153
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4153 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
I.M. Ayris, & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p.54
I. Ayris, Ouseburn Heritage, p20-21
I. Ayris, 1995, Horatio Street and the Ropery Banks, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment; A. Morgan, 2004, Beyond the Grave - Exploring Newcastle's Burial Grounds, pages 126-8
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2003
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
DAY2
31
District
Newcastle
Easting
427470
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566130
NORTHING2
0
parish
4149
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Heaton
Description
Middle Pit and spoil heap are shown on the 1st edition OS. It is marked as Disused on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895. This is presumably Heaton Colliery C Pit which was opened in 1805.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Middle Pit and spoil heap are shown on the 1st edition OS. It is marked as Disused on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895. This is presumably Heaton Colliery C Pit which was opened in 1805. Twelve properties existed around the Middle Pit but the 1841 census only recorded 5 properties as used by colliers.
Site Name
Heaton Colliery, Middle Pit (C Pit)
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4151
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4151 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
426800
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565550
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Heaton
Description
A Sand Pit is shown at this location on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, but not on the 2nd edition, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Sand Pit. This is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Heaton, Sand Pit
Site Type: Specific
Sand Pit
HER Number
4150
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4150 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
5005, 4151, 4031, 1763, 1764, 1765
DAY1
05
DAY2
30
District
Newcastle
Easting
426470
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565450
NORTHING2
0
parish
Newcastle
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Heaton
Description
Heaton Banks Colliery opened in 1736 and closed 1745. Heaton Main Colliery opened 1792. It was at the cutting edge of technical development and dominated the economy of the area. There were many associated pits to do with both collieries. C (HER 4151), D & E Pit (HER 4031) were opened in the early 19th century. At least two tragic accidents are recorded in 1812-5. On 3rd May 1815 old abandoned workings at Heaton Banks flooded and broke through into Heaton Pit. Whilst 30 men escaped, 75 men and boys were trapped in a blocked off tunnel. Three boys were aged seven or under. It took nine months to drain the mine and by the time they were reached in January 1816 they had starved to death or succumbed to the "foul air". They had, for a time lived off one of the two horses who had been trapped with them. The remains of 59 men and boys were laid to rest at St. Peter's Churchyard, Wallsend. At a later date the nearby spinney (former High Pit or E Pit) was planted in commemoration of the disaster, a tree for each life lost (see HER 4031). In 1868 Louis Simonin drew an etching called 'The Heaton flooding of 1815'. Closed 1852.
SITEASS
Circular area of coal shaft visible in park as area of long grass.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Heaton Banks Colliery opened in 1736 and closed 1745. Heaton Main Colliery opened 1792. It was at the cutting edge of technical development and dominated the economy of the area. There were many associated pits to do with both collieries. C (HER 4151), D & E Pit (HER 4031) were opened in the early 19th century. In March 1802 a detailed examination of the colliery revealed that the largest proportion (90.5%) of Heaton's producation was for the lucrative seacole trade. The average was 30,000 chaldrons. The principal viewer in 1807 was John Buddle. At least two tragic accidents are recorded in 1812-5. On 3rd May 1815 old abandoned workings at Heaton Banks flooded and broke through into Heaton Pit. Whilst 30 men escaped, 75 men and boys were trapped in a blocked off tunnel. Three boys were aged seven or under. It took nine months to drain the mine and by the time they were reached in January 1816 they had starved to death or succumbed to the "foul air". They had, for a time lived off one of the two horses who had been trapped with them. The remains of 59 men and boys were laid to rest at St. Peter's Churchyard, Wallsend. At a later date the nearby spinney (former High Pit or E Pit) was planted in commemoration of the disaster, a tree for each life lost (see HER 4031). In 1868 Louis Simonin drew an etching called 'The Heaton flooding of 1815'. The Heaton Colliery workshorce in 1842 was 315 underground and 176 surface. 1841 census shows only 45 miners were reisdent in Heaton. Closed 1852 marking the end of Heaton as a major centre of mining.
Site Name
Heaton Colliery (Heaton Banks)
Site Type: Specific
Coal Workings
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II
HER Number
4149
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4149 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; W. Richardson, History of Wallsend, p 235; Newcastle City Library Local Studies Section, newspaper cuttings in "Heaton" file; Roy Thompson, 2004, Thunder Underground - Northumberland Mine Disasters 1815-65, pp 50 and 64-65; Louis Simonin, 1868, Of Mines and Miners; Whellan's Directory, 1855; Turnbull, L. 2015, A Celebration of our Mining Heritage
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
426730
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565340
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Heaton
Description
This Clay Pit is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, but not on the 2nd edition, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Clay Pit. This is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Heaton, Clay Pit
Site Type: Specific
Clay Pit
HER Number
4148
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4148 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
426120
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Heaton
Description
The precise location of this level is unclear on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, and it is not shown on the 2nd edition, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
A Level, the location of which is unclear on the 1st edition OS mapping, but probably lay within a 100m radius of this grid reference. It is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Heaton, Level
Site Type: Specific
Coal Workings
HER Number
4147
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4147 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
426060
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MAP2
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565000
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Heaton
Description
The site of Filtering Beds is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, but not on the 2nd edition, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Water Disposal Site
SITEDESC
Filtering Beds. These are not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so were out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Heaton, Filtering Beds
Site Type: Specific
Filter Bed
HER Number
4146
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4146 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
425970
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565040
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Heaton
Description
Ouseburn Cement Works are shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, but not on the 2nd edition, indicating that they were probably out of use by 1895.
SITEASS
Cement is a calcinated mixture of lime and clay ground into a powder. When water is added it can be used for joining building materials together or for making concrete. Cement was known in Roman times. An underwater cement was devised by John Smeaton for Eddystone lighthouse in 1756. James Parker was granted a patent in 1796 for 'Roman' cement. Joseph Aspdin (1779-1855) of Leeds made the first artificial cement, called it Portland Cement and patented it in 1824. Louis Vicat of France determined the chemical formula for cement containing natural limestone in 1839. In 1844 Isaac Johnson discovered the modern method of making Portland cement and the use of concrete as a building material stems from this date. In 1854 reinforced concrete was developed to overcome the weakness of cement (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AJ Francis, 1977, The Cement Industry 1796-1914: a history, PE Halstead, 1961-2, The early history of Portland Cement, Newcomen Society Transactions 34 (1961-2), 37).
Site Type: Broad
Cement Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Ouseburn Cement Works. This was probably out of use by 1895, as it is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping.
Site Name
Ouseburn Cement Works
Site Type: Specific
Cement Works
HER Number
4145
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4145 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97