James & Co's white lead manufactory for paints and varnishes, was operating as early as 1801. The factory used primitive production methods. A headline in the London Daily Chronicle in December 1892 reported on Tyneside's white lead trade and the plight of their workers: "White Cemeteries - How Women Are Poisoned". The writer described the Old Dutch Stacking or "blue bed" process by which thin sheets of lead were placed upon small earthware pots containing acetic acid, stacked up to twelve layers high. In another article "The Human Dredger", the writer reported that "women stand on rough staging one above the other, and hand the dishes of wet lead up and up till the top shelves are full. Then the lower ones are packed, and when the stoves are "set", gas or fire is applied, and the batch is left to dry for a fortnight. The sight of these pale women, with the red hankerchiefs bound tightly over their hair, enveloped in the sack-like overall, going on quietly and incessantly with this drill, passing up the wet poison like a live dredging machine into the dark recesses of the stove, is a sort of nightmare to carry away with you". The acid fermented in the jars and turned the sheet lead into a carbonate lead paste. The "white bed" process involved drying the paste in large ovens to form powdered carbonate of lead. The fine white lead was then mixed with oil to form paint. Some of the powdered lead would have been sold to other oil and paint works, shipped out on wherries to the Tyne or by horse and cart. In 1900 the Factory Act enforced the provision of dust extractors, abolished the old drying stoves and stopped the practice of workers entering the stoves to empty the stacks. Female labour was banned from the white lead trade. In 1900 the statistics of lead poisoning had showed that the three chief offenders were Tyneside firms. Of 66 workers at James & Co., 32 had had cases of poisoning. The old works of James & Co. fell into disuse by 1914. The site is now covered by landfill {3}.

A Brickfield. This is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was probably out of use by 1895. Manufacturer in 1860 was J Amos.
(Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 63.)

A mill shown on 2nd edition OS mapping with long head and tail races (HER 5757). Only the southern part of the tail race is marked on 1st edition mapping. This was Jesmond Vale Mill. It was originally a flint mill, although in the 1880s it was used by Stephen Renoldson and his two sons to grind flour {1}. The "Washing Tubs" were a series of wooden troughs used to carry water from the burn to the dam connected with the Flint Mill. The first standing engine made by George Stephenson after he commenced business for himself, was erected in this old flint mill {3}.

Sandyford Brewery. This is named Sandyford Stone Brewery on the 2nd edition OS mapping {1}. A brewery was in existence here in the eighteenth century, ran by a Mr Joseph Naiters. The family lived at Sandyford House. By the end of the century his sons, Nicholas and Ralph took over. Ralph was also in partnership with Henry Weatherley, with wine and spirit cellars on The Side. In 1812 quantities of worked stone chippings were found beneath the banks of the stream near Lambert's Leap. This may have been the site of the quarry for the original brewery, hence the name Sandyford Stone. Nicholas Naiters died in 1822 and Ralph Naiters carried on the business until his death in 1863. In 1863 the business passed to J.S. Arnison, Naiters' son-in-law. From the late 1880s Robert Deuchar leased it and bought it on Arnison's death in 1892. The brewery bonded warehouse of sandstone ashlar is listed grade 2. Pediment has 'OFFICE 1904 Robert Deuchar Ltd' in panels. The brewery boiler house is also listed grade 2. Both buildings date to circa 1840 {2 and 3}.

A Windmill, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1858. Probably built in early 18th century. This may be the one recorded on a View Of Newcastle in 1743. Used for grinding corn for flour and meal for animal feed. An advertisement in the Newcastle Courant in July 1760 gives the tenant as one Jonathon Hutchinson and advertises it to be let. In 1800 the ownership is shown as Matthew White Ridley but by 1844 is was in ruins. The tower of the former windmill stands to a height of circa 6m on a prominent position in Heaton Park. The base was once cement rendered and the entrance blocked by stone or brick under the render. Doorway at ground floor level, with modern steel security gate. There are three small windows at a higher level. Ruins upgraded in 1992. The remaining cylindrical stone tower and interior wall was recorded in 2009 by ASUD. The tower appeared to be in a stable condition but with a prominent settlement crack beside the north-east door.

Benton Bridge over the Ouse Burn. A contract dated June 8th 1623, for the repair of Benton Bridge at Jesmond, stated that it was to be carried out with "good hewne ashler stones". The bridge was also to be provided with a coping 2 feet in height.

A Mill Race. Its entire course is unclear on the 1st edition OS mapping. It is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping so it may have been out of use by 1895.

Busy Cottage Mill (Corn). This was a Corn mill with a forge, converted from former ironworks buildings (see HER 5680) by 1855. There is a Directory entry in 1855 for "R. Davidson, corn miller, Busy Cottage" and he was followed by J. Davidson in 1858 and J. James in 1861 after which entries cease. In 1858 two workers' cottages were built, which are probably the Busy Cottages we see today. The mill was shown as a flint mill on OS maps up to 1878. When Lord Armstrong made Jesmond Dene into a park, the mill ceased to work. Not named as a corn mill on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was probably out of use by 1895.

Three Clay Pits at Garth Heads. Drawn but not labelled on the 1st edition OS 6" mapping but labelled on 25" mapping. Evidence for clay extraction was found during archaeological excavation in 1994 which revealed the foundations of Hadrian's Wall. 19th century pottery and kiln furniture was also found. The clay pits were out of use by 1869 when Garth Heads Improved Housing was built on the site.

Newbridge Terminus, on the Blyth and Tyne Railway. New Bridge Street Station was designed by John Dobson and opened in 1864. It closed to passengers in 1909 but remained in use as a coal depot. It is now demolished.