Fawdon B Pit (Coal), the southern of the two pits with this name. It is just shown as an Old Shaft on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so probably out of use by 1895. The colliery opened in 1810. There were several pits - A Pit, Engine Pit (HER 4011), E Pit (opened in 1823) and F Pit (opened in 1836 for draining water). Fawdon Colliery was owned by Newmarch Sons & Co. On 5 September 1827, an explosion killed 2 miners and injured 3.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Fawdon B Pit (Coal), the southern of the two pits with this name. It is just shown as an Old Shaft on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so probably out of use by 1895. The colliery opened in 1810. There were several pits - A Pit, Engine Pit (HER 4011), E Pit (opened in 1823) and F Pit (opened in 1836 for draining water). Fawdon Colliery was owned by Newmarch Sons & Co. On 5 September 1827, an explosion killed 2 miners and injured 3.
Site Name
Fawdon Colliery B Pit (South)
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4010
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4010 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88; The colliery opened in 1810, B Pit in 1813. There were several pits - A Pit, Engine Pit (HER 4011), E Pit (opened in 1823) and F Pit (opened in 1836 for draining water). Fawdon Colliery was owned by Newmarch Sons & Co. On 5 September 1827, an explosion killed 2 miners and injured 3.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
05
DAY2
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
424160
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565400
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Leazes Brewery. Established in 1837 by Christian Bruce Reid, who lived in Leazes House, which stood within the grounds of the brewery alongside offices, stables and a cooperage. Water from nearby Pandon Burn was used in the production of Newcastle Mild Ales. C.B. Reid retired in 1879 and his eldest son W.B. Reid & Co took over. In 1891 a public company, W.B.. Reid & Co. Ltd was formed to acquire the wine and spirits firm once owned by the Tyne Brewery Co. and William Younger & Co. The new company went on to own 61 pubs and lease another 82. W.B. Reid had offices and cellarge on the corner of High Bridge and No. 53 Grey Street until 1923. W.B Reid & Co. were taken over by William Youngers Ltd in 1955. Much of the property is now used by Newcastle University. Leazes House (or Transport House) is listed grade 2. It was built around 1782 as a dwelling-house associated with a water-powered snuff mill which was built on the Pandon Burn around the same date to a design by John Smeaton, designer of wind and water-powered industrial machinery and buildings. There was a fire at the snuff mill, which was owned by William Smith then Matthew Harrison, in 1788. The tobacco and snuff manufactory was rebuilt by 1801. In 1837 Christian Bruce Reid established Leazes Brewery on the site and he made Leazes House his home. The brewery remained in operation until 1968 when the premises became the Jones Marine Engineering Laboratories of Newcastle University. Planning permission has been granted for a new four storey office and lab building. An archaeological desk based assessment has been produced by Northern Counties Archaeological Services and Spence and Dower. Leazes House and the former brewery buildings have been recorded. In April 2008 an archaeological excavation was undertaken by Archaeological Research Services Ltd. The fieldwork recorded the substantial sandstone remains of Smeaton’s snuff mill, the waterwheel pit and millrace. The wall was sealed with well-packed clay to make it water-tight. Walls and culverts of early brewery buildings were are recorded, along with a large brick-lined well. Corks and glass beer bottles were recovered from the in-filled millrace which had been diverted through a barrel-vaulted conduit and abundant hops seeds from the malting process. The results of the archaeological work will be published in Industrial Archaeology Review.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
Leazes Brewery. Established in 1837 by Christian Bruce Reid, who lived in Leazes House, which stood within the grounds of the brewery alongside offices, stables and a cooperage. Water from nearby Pandon Burn was used in the production of Newcastle Mild Ales. C.B. Reid retired in 1879 and his eldest son W.B. Reid & Co took over. In 1891 a public company, W.B.. Reid & Co. Ltd was formed to acquire the wine and spirits firm once owned by the Tyne Brewery Co. and William Younger & Co. The new company went on to own 61 pubs and lease another 82. W.B. Reid had offices and cellarage on the corner of High Bridge and No. 53 Grey Street until 1923. W.B Reid & Co. were taken over by William Youngers Ltd in 1955. Much of the property is now used by Newcastle University. Leazes House (or Transport House) is listed grade 2. It was built around 1782 as a dwelling-house associated with a water-powered snuff mill which was built on the Pandon Burn around the same date to a design by John Smeaton, designer of wind and water-powered industrial machinery and buildings. There was a fire at the snuff mill, which was owned by William Smith then Matthew Harrison, in 1788. The tobacco and snuff manufactory was rebuilt by 1801. In 1837 Christian Bruce Reid established Leazes Brewery on the site and he made Leazes House his home. The brewery remained in operation until 1968 when the premises became the Jones Marine Engineering Laboratories of Newcastle University. Planning permission has been granted for a new four storey office and lab building. An archaeological desk based assessment has been produced by Northern Counties Archaeological Services and Spence and Dower. Leazes House and the former brewery buildings have been recorded. In April 2008 an archaeological excavation was undertaken by Archaeological Research Services Ltd. The fieldwork recorded the substantial sandstone remains of Smeaton’s snuff mill, the waterwheel pit and millrace. The wall was sealed with well-packed clay to make it water-tight. Walls and culverts of early brewery buildings were are recorded, along with a large brick-lined well. Corks and glass beer bottles were recovered from the in-filled millrace which had been diverted through a barrel-vaulted conduit and abundant hops seeds from the malting process. The results of the archaeological work will be published in Industrial Archaeology Review.
Site Name
Leazes Brewery
Site Type: Specific
Brewery
HER Number
4009
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 4009 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97; O. Taylor, 1993, Bygone Spital Tongues; Brian Bennison, 1995, Brewers and Bottlers of Newcastle upon Tyne From 1850 to the present day, p 49-50; Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2008, The Old Brewery/Transport House, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment and Historic Buildings Recording; Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2008, Former Brewery Buildings at Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment and Historic Buildings Recording; North of England Civic Trust, February 2009, Spital Tongues, Newcastle upon Tyne - Suggested Conservation Area Scoping Study, Draft Report, p 11; Baglee, C. & Nolan, J., 2009, John Smeaton's Snuff Mill, Newcastle upon Tyne: Building Recording and Excavations on the Site of the Former Leazes Brewery in Industrial Archaeology Review, XXXI:2, 2009; Archaeological Research Services Ltd., 2008, Medical Sciences Building - Evaluation
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4009
DAY1
31
DAY2
21
District
Newcastle
Easting
424250
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569550
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
South Gosforth
Description
The Three Mile Bridge carried the Newcastle to Morpeth road over the Ouseburn. A strange monument was apparently erected next to the bridge by John Pigg, a town surveyor, inscribed with biblical texts. This "folly", drawn by Samuel Hieronymous Grimm [who made a living by accompanying the well-to-do on their travels, and recorded the journeys in pen-and-ink drawings] in the eighteenth century, was removed some time in the nineteenth century. According to Bourne and the Local Historian's Table Book, John Pigg took down "a stately cross which he called idolatry" from the north end of the Barras Bridge by the chapel of St James, and built a curious stone pillar, inscribed with texts of scripture on the Morpeth Road next to three mile bridge. John Pigg died in 1689 and was buried at St Andrew's Church, Newcastle.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
The Three Mile Bridge carried the Newcastle to Morpeth road over the Ouseburn. A strange monument was apparently erected next to the bridge by John Pigg, a town surveyor, inscribed with biblical texts. This "folly", drawn by Samuel Hieronymous Grimm [who made a living by accompanying the well-to-do on their travels, and recorded the journeys in pen-and-ink drawings] in the eighteenth century, was removed some time in the nineteenth century. According to Bourne and the Local Historian's Table Book, John Pigg took down "a stately cross which he called idolatry" from the north end of the Barras Bridge by the chapel of St James, and built a curious stone pillar, inscribed with texts of scripture on the Morpeth Road next to three mile bridge. John Pigg died in 1689 and was buried at St Andrew's Church, Newcastle.
Site Name
South Gosforth, Three Mile Bridge (and Pigg's Folly)
Site Type: Specific
Road Bridge
HER Number
4008
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4008 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88
Samuel Hieronymous Grimm, C188, The Northumberland Sketchbooks, http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/galleries/grimm; E. Mackenzie, 1825, A View of the County of Northumberland, pp 471-472; R. Welford, 1879, A History of the Parish of Gosforth, pp 23-25
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2003
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
31
District
Newcastle
Easting
422680
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569560
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fawdon
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Smithy at this location.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Smithy.
Site Name
Fawdon, Smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
4007
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4007 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M.
Crossref
4002,4010
DAY1
31
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
422030
EASTING2
2233
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MAP2
NZ26NW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
570040
NORTHING2
6915
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Fawdon
Description
The line of a possible disused wagonway, shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, is probably the Fawdon-Scotswood line which was abandoned when Fawdon Colliery was linked to the Brunton and Shields Railway in 1826/7.
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
The line of a possible disused wagonway, shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, probably the Fawdon-Scotswood line which was abandoned when Fawdon Colliery was linked to the Brunton and Shields Railway in 1826/7.
Site Name
Fawdon, Wagonway
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
4006
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4006 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M.
DAY1
31
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
422990
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570810
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
East Brunton
Description
On the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, this engine is not shown in association with a mine or wagonway, so was possibly a mine pumping engine. It is not marked on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was probably out of use by 1895. This appears to have been the site of Brunton Row Colliery and historic map evidence indicates a wagonway running south to the Fawdon wagonway. Greenwell's map of 1827 shows the wagonway following a more circuitous path, some of which may survive as tracks or field boundaries. The British Geological Survey mark this site as two immediately adjacent shafts.
Site Type: Broad
Machinery
SITEDESC
On the 1st edition OS mapping, this is not shown in association with a mine or wagonway, so was possibly a mine pumping engine. It is not marked on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895. Warn marks this as the site of Brunton Row Colliery and shows a wagonway running south to the Fawdon wagonway. These features are shown on Greenwell's map of 1827 showing the wagonway following a more circuitous path, some of which may survive as tracks or field boundaries. The British Geological Survey mark this site as two immediately adjacent shafts.
Site Name
Middle Brunton Engine
Site Type: Specific
Engine
HER Number
4005
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4005 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M.
DAY1
31
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
423740
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571440
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Brunton
Description
This quarry is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan. The 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan shows an expansion of the quarry, but the 3rd edition map of 1921 shows it as disused. The British Geological Survey marks the rock as a yellow-grey quartzoze sandstone.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
The 2nd edition OS mapping shows an expansion of the quarry. The 3rd edition of 1921 shows it as disused. The British Geological Survey marks the rock as a yellow-grey quartzoze sandstone.
Site Name
Brunton Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4004
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4004 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M.
DAY1
31
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
423720
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571930
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Brunton
Description
Gosforth Tileworks is marked as ‘Disused’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895. The British Geological Survey marks two small old clay pits in weathered boulder clay in the immediate vicinity of the tileworks.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Gosforth Tileworks. Marked as Disused on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. The British Geological Survey marks two small old clay pits in weathered boulder clay within the immediate vicinity of the tileworks.
Site Name
Gosforth Tileworks
Site Type: Specific
Tile Works
HER Number
4003
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4003 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1078
DAY1
31
DAY2
30
District
Newcastle
Easting
422010
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570060
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Fawdon
Description
Fawdon B Pit (Coal). Marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. Part of Fawdon Colliery and Fawdon West Pit - both marked on Bell's map of 1847. Called " Burn Pit " by the British Geological Survey. The colliery opened in 1810, B Pit in 1813. There were several pits - A Pit, Engine Pit (HER 4011), E Pit (opened in 1823) and F Pit (opened in 1836 for draining water). Fawdon Colliery was owned by Newmarch Sons & Co. On 5 September 1827, an explosion killed 2 miners and injured 3. An inclined plane linked the colliery to Kenton Bankfoot by fixed engine (see HER 1078). Thomas Hair drew a picture of the colliery in 1844.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Fawdon B Pit (Coal). Marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. Part of Fawdon Colliery and Fawdon West Pit - both marked on Bell's map of 1847. Called " Burn Pit " by the British Geological Survey. The colliery opened in 1810, B Pit in 1813. There were several pits - A Pit, Engine Pit (HER 4011), E Pit (opened in 1823) and F Pit (opened in 1836 for draining water). Fawdon Colliery was owned by Newmarch Sons & Co. On 5 September 1827, an explosion killed 2 miners and injured 3. An inclined plane linked the colliery to Kenton Bankfoot by fixed engine (see HER 1078). Thomas Hair drew a picture of the colliery in 1844.
Site Name
Fawdon Colliery B Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4002
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4002 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; Thomas Hair, 1844, Views of the collieries in the counties of Northumberland and Durham; R. Welford, 1879, A History of the Parish of Gosforth
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1078
DAY1
31
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
422140
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
571050
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
West Brunton
Description
The Brunton and Shields Railway, forerunner of the more well-known and extensive Seaton Burn Wagonway was built in 1826 to a design by Benjamin Thompson. It was built to transport coals from Brunton colliery to the River Tyne at Whitehill Point, and used inclines, the first of which was at West Brunton to carry the coals over undulating countryside. The engine house at West Brunton was demolished circa 1892 when the Fawdon Railway was built and the line became a standard gauge track operated by locomotives. By the 1920s a separate spur ran over the site of the former engine house. The Brunton incline has been established as a public footpath. The remains of a "kip" on to which wagons would have run at the top of the incline survived into the modern era as a raised platform to the south of the engine house site. The structure is thought to have been used in the 20th century as a loading platform related to the short spur which ran over the site of the house, used for bringing in supplies needed by the local community and for taking out agricultural produce.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
West Brunton Engine, on the Fawdon Wagonway. Not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping. Site marked as Brunton Colliery on Bell's map of 1847 - but Greenwell's map of 1827 shows Brunton and Shields Railway extending further to the south to the "Old Engine " {1}. West Brunton Engine on the Brunton and Shields Railway. This line was the forerunner of the more well known and extensive Seaton Burn Wagonway. The Brunton and Shields Railway was built in 1826 and designed by Benjamin Thompson. It was built to transport coals from Brunton colliery to the River Tyne at Whitehill Point. It used inclines to carry the coals over undulating countryside, and the first of these inclines was at West Brunton. The engine house at West Brunton was demolished circa 1892 when the Fawdon Railway was built and the line became a standard gauge locomotive worked way. By the 1920s a separate spur ran over the site of the former engine house. The Brunton incline has been established as a public footpath. A raised platform to the south of the engine house site is the remains of a "kip" on to which wagons would have run at the top of the incline. The structure is thought to have been used in the 20th century as a loading platform related to the short spur which ran over the site of the house, used for bringing in supplies needed by the local community and for taking out agricultural produce {2}.
Site Name
West Brunton, Engine House
Site Type: Specific
Engine House
HER Number
4001
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4001 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88
I. Ayris, 1988, Old Engine House at West Brunton