During the 18th century and first half of the 19th century, Cox Green was an important focus for the transhipment of locally mined coal from land to river. A number of wagonways ran through the settlement and terminated at drops or staiths on the riverside. Shipbuilding yards developed on this point of the river Wear also. A shipyard with associated timber yard is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map to the north of active sandstone quarries. Nichol's Sands run along the full length of the shipyard. The shipyard site is now entirely covered by Edgewood Stables, but it is likely that some of its remains survive below ground.
SITEASS
The shipyard site is now entirely covered by Edgewood Stables. There is probably considerable potential for the survival of subsurface remains {2}.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
During the 18th century and first half of C19, Cox Green was an important focus for the transhipment of locally mined coal from land to river. A number of wagonways ran through the settlement and terminated at drops or staiths on the riverside. Shipbuilding yards developed on this point of the river Wear also. A shipyard is shown on the first edition OS map to the north of active sandstone quarries. Nichol's Sands run along the full length of the shipyard. The shipyards included a timber yard.
Site Name
Cox Green, Nichol's Sands, Shipbuilding Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
3069
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3069 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Penshaw: Not just a monument - Historic Village Atlas
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
434820
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556190
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Offerton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Smithy at this location.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Smithy.
Site Name
Offerton, Smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
3068
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3068 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
434590
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556140
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Tar Distillery, with a Reservoir and two Tar Vats at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Tar Distillery, with a Reservoir and two Tar Vats.
Site Name
North Hylton, Tar Distillery
Site Type: Specific
Tar Works
HER Number
3067
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3067 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13; Mounsey, K.and Thompson, S. 2018. Site 8, Nab End, Sunderland's Forgotten Stones Project, North Hylton, Sunderland: Archaeological Community Excavation report, Wardell Armstrong, HER4840
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
434460
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556010
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Offerton
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1858. The precise location of the site is unclear.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1858. The location of the site is unclear but it probably lay within a 100m radius of this grid reference.
Site Name
Offerton, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3066
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3066 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
433490
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555990
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Barmston
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Crane at this location on the north bank of the Wear. This may have been associated with the nearby Barmston Forge.
Site Type: Broad
Lifting and Winding Structure
SITEDESC
Crane, on the north bank of the Wear. This may have been associated with the nearby Barmston Forge, but this is not clear from the OS mapping.
Site Name
Barmston, Crane
Site Type: Specific
Crane
HER Number
3065
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3065 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
432500
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555210
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Washington
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Firebrick Works at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Firebrick Works.
Site Name
Washington, firebrick works
Site Type: Specific
Fire Clay Works
HER Number
3064
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3064 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
432120
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
554880
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Washington
Description
The precise location of this Tunnel is unclear from the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Tunnel
SITEDESC
A Tunnel. The location is unclear from the 1st edition OS mapping, so probably lay within a 100m radius of this grid reference.
Site Name
Wood Side, Tunnel
Site Type: Specific
Tunnel
HER Number
3063
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3063 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
432150
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
554950
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Washington
Description
This Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so probably out of use by 1858.
Site Name
Wood Side, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
3062
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3062 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
3077
DAY1
26
DAY2
24
District
Sunderland
Easting
432320
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
554950
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Low Lambton
Description
Not depicted on 1737 plan by Burleigh & Thompson but shown on Rennie's map of 1819 as Black Fell or Mount Moor Staith. The name Blackfell Staith is ambiguously positioned on the First Edition Ordnance Survey 1862, but evidently refers to a timber yard with slipways on the north bank on the northern edge of North Biddick not at the end of Lambton Railway (HER3077) as previously thought.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
Not depicted on 1737 plan by Burleigh & Thompson but shown on Rennie's map of 1819 as Black Fell or Mount Moor Staith. The name Blackfell Staith is ambiguously positioned on the First Edition Ordnance Survey 1862, but evidently refers to a timber yard with slipways on the north bank on the northern edge of North Biddick not at the end of Lambton Railway (HER3077) as previously thought.
Site Name
Washington, Wood Side, Black Fell Staiths
Site Type: Specific
Staith
HER Number
3061
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3061 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2014, Penshaw: Not just a monument - Historic Village Atlas; Rennie, 1819-1822, Plan of The River Wear, DRO D/XP 66
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
26
District
Sunderland
Easting
432340
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
554950
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Washington
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows a Timber Yard at this location.
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Timber Yard.
Site Name
Barmston, timber yard
Site Type: Specific
Timber Yard
HER Number
3060
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 3060 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 13