A brick field is marked on early Ordnance Survey maps west of Pottery Lane, South Hylton.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Brick field, west of Pottery Lane, South Hylton.
Site Name
South Hylton, brickfield
Site Type: Specific
Brickfield
HER Number
2646
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2646 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
435420
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557120
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
South Hylton
Description
Low Ford Pottery, also known as Dawson's Pottery, worked from c.1794 to 1864. The Low Ford Pottery was acquired by John Dawson in the 1790s. In addition to pottery-making technology, the works contained a watermill and other mills for the grinding and preparation of flints and lead for use in glazing. It produced "brownware", "creamware" and tiles. In 1836 new buildings were erected in the dene leading down to the river, and using new machinery and Devon clay, the pottery gained a reputation as the finest on the Wear. However, with the death of John Dawson in 1848, at the age of 88, the management of the firm fell into disarray and both the earthenware and tile producing plants were sold and eventually closed in the 1860s. The works reopened for a short while as South Hylton Bottle Works, but were out of use, this time permanently, by 1877. Now only the name ‘Pottery Lane’ survives to mark the site of Dawson's Pottery, although recent episodes of archaeological work in the area have found deposits of discarded pottery from the works at depths of up to 3 metres.
SITEASS
A watching brief during the construction of a new interceptor sewer in 1998 at NZ 3536 5725 to NZ 3550 5728 revealed a layer of pottery fragments almost 3m below modern ground level. The pottery included glazed machine-made pottery fragments, mostly bowl bases of coarse tableware and some porcelain. There were a number of ceramic separators which supported and divided stacked pieces of pottery in kilns to prevent them fusing together. This layer was interpreted as discarded material from Low Ford Pottery which stood slightly to the east. The borehole report of this site describes a layer of tile fragments below the pottery. This appears to relate to the coarse earthenware made at the pottery before it took up the production of porcelain in the 1820s and 30s. A contractor found a 'ring' in the deposit containing the pottery fragments. It was made of dull pewter-like metal, the size of a small finger-ring. It had the motif of interlocking hearts and a central cross on it and a bulb-like projection from the inner side of the ring resembling a small handle. It is tentatively interpreted as a stamp from the Low Ford Pottery, which would have been used to apply a trademark. A watching brief along another stretch of the sewer NZ 3536 57270 to NZ 3547 5718 revealed many small pottery fragments, all glazed, of C19 date. Slim ceramic dividers were also found and clinker, decayed brick {4}.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Low Ford Pottery, also known as Dawson's Pottery, it worked from c.1794 to 1864 {2}. The Low Ford Pottery was acquired by John Dawson in the 1790s. The works contained a watermill and other mills for the grinding and preparation of flints and lead for use in the manufacture of pots, as well as pottery itself, which produced "brownware", "creamware" and tiles. In 1798 it was sold or let by Longstaff, Lightfoot & Goldsmith. In 1836 new buildings were erected in the dene leading down to the river, and using new machinery and Devon clay, the pottery gained a reputation as the finest on the Wear. However, with the death of John Dawson in 1848, at the age of 88, the management of the firm fell into disarray and both the earthenware and tile producing plants were sold and eventually closed in the 1860s. The works reopened for a short while as South Hylton Bottle Works, but were out of use, this time permanently, by 1877. The Low Ford Pottery had been of considerable local significance, both as part of an important industry and as a major Wearside employer. Now only the name "Pottery Lane" survives to mark the site of Dawson's Pottery {3}. Manufacturer from 1799-1863 was J Dawson (earthenware manufacturers)
Brickfield 1868
Source: Davison, P J, 1986. Brickworks of the North East, 153, 157 site 23
Site Name
South Hylton, Low Ford Pottery (Dawson's Pottery)
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
2645
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2645 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
N.T. Sinclair in Milburn & Miller, (eds) 1988, Sunderland, River, Town & People, Industry to 1914, p.24
I. Ayris, River Wear Trail - Pottery Lane
Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 1998, South Hylton Interceptor Sewer, Watching Brief report
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435280
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557160
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
South Hylton
Description
Saw Mills are marked on the the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The number and precise location of these mills is unclear.
SITEASS
Saw mills replaced saw pits, and were water powered at first. Mechanised sawing was by frame saws which imitated the action of the old sawpit using straight rip saws. Later circular saws came into use (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Saw Mills marked on the 1st edition OS 6" map. The number and precise location of these mills is unclear.
Site Name
South Hylton, Saw Mills
Site Type: Specific
Saw Mill
HER Number
2644
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2644 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
435450
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557290
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
South Hylton
Description
A tidal dock is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of 1855 on the southern bank of the River wear to the north of South Hylton. The dock was at the northern end of Pottery Lane (the Low Ford Pottery lay a little way down the lane) and appears to have been walled. A saw pit and two cranes sat on the dockside and two groups of buildings, a row to the south and a more substantial block to the east, flanked the facility. There is no evidence to suggest that the dock was used for repairing or constructing ships. It is possible that in part it served the requirements of the Low Ford Pottery to the south and also transhipped and cut timber. The presence of the Humane Society’s House at the eastern end of the southern row of structures shown on the 1855 survey may suggest that livestock were passed through the dock. The dock was still in use at the end of the 19th century but had gone out of use by 1921.
Site Type: Broad
Dock and Harbour Installation
SITEDESC
Low Ford Dock, with crane and saw pit {1}. A tidal dock is shown on the First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1855 on the southern bank of the River wear to the north of the settlement of South Hylton. The dock lies at the northern end of Pottery Lane (the Low Ford Pottery lay a little way down the lane). By this time the dock appears to have been walled; the plan of the dock includes a sharp inturn. A saw pit and two cranes lie on the dockside and two groups of buildings; a row to the south and a more substantial block to the east, flank the facility. Despite the presence of the saw pit and the cranes, there is no evidence to suggest that the dock was in use for either repairing or constructing ships. It is possible that in part it served the requirements of the Low Ford Pottery to the south and also transhipped and cut timber. The presence of the Humane Society’s House at the eastern end of the southern row of structures shown on the 1855 survey may suggest that livestock were passed through the dock. The dock was still in use at the end of the nineteenth century but had gone out of use by the time of the Third Edition Survey in 1921. Map Evidence: On the First Edition Twenty Five Inches to One Mile Ordnance Survey 1857, Sheet VII.16, the dock forms a discrete area of land at the northern end of Pottery Lane. It would appear to be walled (whether in stone or timber), given the right-angled inturn in the riverside towards the north of the facility. A row of buildings flanks the south eastern edge of the dock (including a house belonging to the Humane Society) and a more substantial block of structures lies to the west. On the dock, itself, are a sawpit and two fixed cranes. On the Second Edition Twenty Five Inches to One Mile Ordnance Survey 1896, the dock is still in use, although Low Ford Pottery, which lay to the south along Pottery Lane, has now closed. The plan of the dock has altered slightly and now includes a projecting central area. The buildings to the south-east of the facility remain, although those to the west have by this time been demolished. The sawpit has also gone. Two cranes remain on the dockside, although in different positions to the cranes shown on the First Edition Survey. On the Third Edition Ordnance Survey 1921, Sheet VII.SE although the layout of the dock remains the same as on the Second Edition Survey, it is now described as disused {3}.
Site Name
Low Ford Dock
Site Type: Specific
Dock
HER Number
2643
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2643 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1896
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.
3rd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1921, third edition sheet, VII.SE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
435490
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557550
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
This Sandstone Quarry is marked as ‘Old’ on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, so was out of use by 1857.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Sandstone Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1857.
Site Name
North Hylton, Sandstone Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Sandstone Quarry
HER Number
2642
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2642 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
435180
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557240
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
Shipyards with cranes and saw pits are shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan. There were probably three yards in a line along the northern bank of the River Wear on the northern edge of North Hylton. The yards show few internal features other than the saw pits and cranes. By 1896 the yards had closed. Today the site is a broad expanse of open ground consisting largely of intertidal grass and mud flats. The area is interspersed with patterns of eroded and rotted upright timbers, so there may be some potential for the survival of deposits associated with the timber shipbuilding yards.
SITEASS
The site, a broad expanse of open ground to the south of a steep wooded valley side, consists largely of intertidal grass and mud flats. The area is interspersed with patterns of eroded and rotted upright timbers. There would seem to be some potential for the survival of deposits associated with the timber shipbuilding yards {3}.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
Shipyards shown on the 1st edition OS mapping with cranes and saw pits within these yards {1}. Probably three yards in a line along the northern bank of the River Wear on the northern edge of the settlement of North Hylton. The yards show few internal features other than the saw pits and cranes. No smithies are marked. By 1896 the yards have closed {3}.
Site Name
North Hylton, Shipyard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
2641
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2641 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1896 map
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
434920
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556880
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
The site is of this Boat Yard is very indistinct on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
Boat Yard. The site is very indistinct on the 1st edition OS mapping - as such the limits could not be defined.
Site Name
North Hylton, Boat Yard
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
2640
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2640 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
434690
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556740
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
A Sandstone Quarry with a crane.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Sandstone Quarry, with Crane.
Site Name
North Hylton, Sandstone Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Sandstone Quarry
HER Number
2639
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2639 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
434720
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556510
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
Five timber shipbuilding yards are shown on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map on the west bank of the River Wear at Nab End opposite South Hylton. When the yards were founded is uncertain, but they were typical of timber shipyards on the Wear, containing few facilities other than saw pits and cranes along with a few scattered structures, probably smithies and stores. A waggonway also ran along the edge of the steep heugh at the rear of the yards and may well have supplied some raw materials. The Nab End yards had ceased to function by the time of the Second Edition Ordnance Survey map (1898) and the riverside is shown as empty save for a few scattered structures and rows of buildings at the northern edge of the site. The site remains largely undeveloped.
SITEASS
Today, the site of the yards lies immediately to the west of and is overlooked by the modern road bridge taking the A19 trunk road across the River Wear. The site appears largely undeveloped, although no detailed study of the area has been conducted to isolate any surviving features associated with the historic shipyards {3}.
Site Type: Broad
Marine Construction Site
SITEDESC
Shipbuilding Yards, with a wagonway, four cranes and three saw pits {1}. Five timber shipbuilding yards are shown on the First Edition Survey on the west bank of the River Wear at Nab End opposite South Hylton. When the yards were founded is uncertain. As can be seen on the survey, the yards were typical of timber shipyards on the Wear, containing few facilities other than saw pits and cranes along with a few scattered structures, probably smithies and stores. A waggonway also ran along the edge of the steep heugh at the rear of the yards and may well have supplied some raw materials required by the yards. The Nab End yards had ceased to function by the time that the Second Edition Survey had been produced in 1898. By then the shipyards have gone. The area at the bottom of the heugh along the riverside is empty other than for a few scattered structures and rows of buildings at the northern edge of the site {3}.
Site Name
North Hylton, Nab End Shipbuilding Yards
Site Type: Specific
Shipyard
HER Number
2638
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2638 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1896
The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
18
District
Sunderland
Easting
434710
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556270
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Hylton
Description
This brickworks on The Heugh, North Hylton is possibly associated with the adjacent shipyard (HER ref. 2638) since a wagonway from the shipyard appears to have run up to the brickfield.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Brickworks, on The Heugh, North Hylton. This is possibly associated with the adjacent shipyard, (SMR 2638) as it's wagonway seemed to run up to the brickfield.
Site Name
North Hylton, brickfield
Site Type: Specific
Brickfield
HER Number
2637
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2637 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 7