Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows the location of North Shields Station, on the N.E.R. Tynemouth Branch (HER ref. 1186).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
North Shields Station. Was on the NER Tynemouth Branch (SMR 1186).
Site Name
North Shields Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
2058
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2058 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
2129, 4556, 4557
DAY1
05
DAY2
19
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436260
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Ashlar
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 36 NE 51
Northing
568410
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
North Shields
Description
The Low Light along with the High Light (HER 2129) provided guidance for ships entering the mouth of the Tyne. Built between 1805 and 1808 to replace the earlier Old Low Light (HER 4557) which, due to changes in the river channels, no longer functioned properly. It was first lit in 1810. {2} Lighthouse and house attached. Now fish processing unit. Lighthouse by John Stokoe, dated 1807, house dated 1816 on door lintel. Lighthouse painted ashlar, lead roof. House English garden wall bond brick with ashlar plinth, quoins and dressings. Welsh slate roof. Lighthouse 6 storeys and lantern. Sash window under first floor cornice. Tapered tower with canted corners. Round-headed windows. Curved railings to lantern stage. Central chimney. House three storeys. 6-panelled door, inserted loading door. On first floor sashes and large round-headed window with stone arch.
Site Type: Broad
Navigation Aid
SITEDESC
The Low Light along with the High Light (HER 2129) provided guidance for ships entering the mouth of the Tyne. Built between 1805 and 1808 to replace the earlier Old Low Light (HER 4557) which, due to changes in the river channels, no longer functioned properly. It was first lit in 1810. {2} Lighthouse and house attached. Now fish processing unit. Lighthouse by John Stokoe, dated 1807, house dated 1816 on door lintel. Lighthouse painted ashlar, lead roof. House English garden wall bond brick with ashlar plinth, quoins and dressings. Welsh slate roof. Lighthouse 6 storeys and lantern. Sash window under first floor cornice. Tapered tower with canted corners. Round-headed windows. Curved railings to lantern stage. Central chimney. House three storeys. 6-panelled door, inserted loading door. On first floor sashes and large round-headed window with stone arch.
Site Name
New Low Light
Site Type: Specific
Lighthouse
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
2057
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 2057 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
Dodds, M H, 1928, The North Shields Lighthouses; Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest 15/137;
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2001
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436280
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568530
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Borough of Tynemouth Gas Works shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
SITEASS
Gasholders or gasometers are large vertical cylindrical storage vessels for holding town gas at constant pressure prior to distribution to consumers. The oldest design of gasholder, made from wrought-iron plates dates from an 1824 patent. It telescoped vertically by means of grooved wheels on vertical guide rails. Later design by W. Gadd in 1890. Small gasholders were used in factories and mills which had their own gas manufacturing plant for providing lighting. By the 1870s a typical gas manufacturing works comprised of: a retort house containing rows of retorts where the gas was made, a hydraulic main to provide a water seal to prevent explosive gas blowbacks when a retort was opened, a condensor to cool the gas and allow liquid tar to drain out, an exhauster to draw out the gas from the retorts, a scrubber in which water removed ammonia from the gas, purifiers to remove contaminants, a meter to measure the volume of gas, one or more gasholders, a governor to control the pressure at which gas was distributed to customers, covered storage for coal and coke, a boiler and steam engine to drive the exhauster and a water pump for the scrubber (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, EG Stewart, 1958, History of the gas, light and coke co. 1812-1949, T. Williams, 1981, History of the British Gas Industry).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Borough of Tynemouth Gas Works shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Borough of Tynemouth Gas Works
Site Type: Specific
Gas Works
HER Number
2056
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2056 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436350
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568610
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Salt works shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Salt Production Site
SITEDESC
Salt works shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Tynemouth, Salt Works
Site Type: Specific
Salt Works
HER Number
2055
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2055 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
H.H.E. Craster 1907 History of Northumberland Vol. VIII, p 308
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436340
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568690
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Iron foundry shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Iron foundry shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Tynemouth, Iron Foundry
Site Type: Specific
Iron Foundry
HER Number
2054
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2054 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
05
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436350
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568760
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Timber yard shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan.
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Timber yard shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Tynemouth, Timber Yard
Site Type: Specific
Timber Yard
HER Number
2053
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2053 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1049
DAY1
05
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436200
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569400
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey Map evidence shows the location of Spital Dean Bridge which carried the Blyth & Tyne Railway, Avenue Branch (HER ref. 1049).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Spital Dean Bridge, carries the Blyth & Tyne Railway, Avenue Branch (SMR 1049).
Site Name
Spital Dean Bridge
Site Type: Specific
Railway Bridge
HER Number
2052
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2052 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
YEAR1
1994
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
05
DAY2
29
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436270
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568790
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Tynemouth
Description
Richardson's Tannery, at the foot of Tanner's bank, by the side of the Pow Burn, was founded in 1766. The tannery is first shown on Fryer's 1772 map and then in a more developed form on Woods 1826 map and Rook's 1827 map. There is a reconstruction drawing of the tannery at this time by Bertram (NSLLS). On a plan of 1806 (NRO 1147/B1) the easternmost building is subdivided between 'Mr Walkers Tannery' and 'Mr Fenwicks'. It is not clear if Mr Walker's Tannery was part of the works founded by John Richardson in 1766, or a separate concern. Richardson died in 1800 but his youngest son Henry continued to run the business at Low Lights while other family members developed the Newgate Tannery in Newcastle. When Henry Proctor died in 1834, the Low Lights Tannery passed to a cousin, John Richardson Proctor, who acquired the business in 1843. In the 1851 Census, he is listed as a master tanner employing 10 men. By 1872 the tannery was managed by John R Proctor and Henry Richardson Proctor. The tannery appears on a detailed manuscript plan of 1872 which shows a 'Bark House' (the mill where oak bark was prepared for the tanning pits) and an engine house. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey map shows the open-air tan pits surrounded by long buildings containing the drying lofts. The large oblong pits were used for soaking and liming the hides and for initial tanning. The square pits were used for the principal tanning process. A row of small pits on the east side of the yard were probably used for tanning sheep or seal skins. The central part of the north range was rebuilt 18th century82 to provide storage space for bark and valonia (acorns of a Levantine oak). The yard may have been covered in. In 1888 the tannery was sold, and became Dene Saw Mill (HER 2128) and in 1901 an Electricity Works.
SITEASS
Tanning is the conversion of animal hides and skins into leather by soaking them in a liquid containing tannin. Tanning was carried out in tanyards - open sided buildings with many large pits in which the hides were treated. Hair and wool was cleaned by soaking the hides in milk of lime. The pelts were then soaked in tannin (a vegetable material found in the bark of birch, elm, hemlock, larch, oak , spruce and willow). The bark is ground to a powder in a bark mill, then soaked in water for six to eight weeks to extract the tannic acid (leaching). The pelts were soaked for up to ten months in 'layer pits' containing tannin of different strength, starting with the weakest solution first, with pieces of oak bark between each pelt. After soaking, the pelts, now leather were then hand scrubbed and rolled with a weighted hand roller. In C19 wood-lined tanning drums were introduced to replace hand scrubbing. At the end of the century chromium was used to produce chrome leathers. The leather could be dyed by a currier (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Leather Industry Site
SITEDESC
Richardson's Tannery, at the foot of Tanner's bank, by the side of the Pow Burn, was founded in 1766. The tannery is first shown on Fryer's 1772 map and then in a more developed form on Woods 1826 map and Rook's 1827 map. There is a reconstruction drawing of the tannery at this time by Bertram (NSLLS). On a plan of 1806 (NRO 1147/B1) the easternmost building is subdivided between 'Mr Walkers Tannery' and 'Mr Fenwicks'. It is not clear if Mr Walker's Tannery was part of the works founded by John Richardson in 1766, or a separate concern. Richardson died in 1800 but his youngest son Henry continued to run the business at Low Lights while other family members developed the Newgate Tannery in Newcastle. When Henry Proctor died in 1834, the Low Lights Tannery passed to a cousin, John Richardson Proctor, who acquired the business in 1843. In the 1851 Census, he is listed as a master tanner employing 10 men. By 1872 the tannery was managed by John R Proctor and Henry Richardson Proctor. The tannery appears on a detailed manuscript plan of 1872 which shows a 'Bark House' (the mill where oak bark was prepared for the tanning pits) and an engine house. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey map shows the open-air tan pits surrounded by long buildings containing the drying lofts. The large oblong pits were used for soaking and liming the hides and for initial tanning. The square pits were used for the principal tanning process. A row of small pits on the east side of the yard were probably used for tanning sheep or seal skins. The central part of the north range was rebuilt 18th century82 to provide storage space for bark and valonia (acorns of a Levantine oak). The yard may have been covered in. In 1888 the tannery was sold, and became Dene Saw Mill (HER 2128) and in 1901 an Electricity Works.
Site Name
Richardson's Tannery
Site Type: Specific
Tannery
HER Number
2051
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2051 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
J. Woods, 1826, Plan of the Towns of North Shields and Tynemouth
J. Fryer, 1772, A Plan of the Low Part of the River Tyne
E. Hollerton, 1997, The Archive Photography Series, North Shields, p 7
W.S. Garson, 1926, The Origin of North Shields, p 24
Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2003, Fish Park, North Shields, Archaeological Assessment
J Jackson, Henry Richardson, Proctor, his early life 1848-1891, Journal Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, Vol 77
Lease 1797, Northumberland Records Office, 1147/B9/1 and Northumberland Records Office 1147/B3
HHE Craster, 1907, The Parish of Tynemouth, A History of Northumberland, Vol VIII, p 310
1806, Northumberland Records Office, 1147/B1
Tyne and Wear Archive Service, 1872, manuscript plan CB/Ty/15/17 and CB/Ty/15/26
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2003
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
1049
DAY1
05
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436340
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569110
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
North Shields Terminus, one of two termini to the Blyth & Tyne Railway (HER ref. 1049), the other being at Tynemouth (HER ref. 2046). This station was built around 1860-1, but was succeeded in 1864 by the station to the north-east (HER ref. 2084).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
North Shields Terminus, one of two termini to the Blyth & Tyne Railway (SMR 1049), the other being at Tynemouth (SMR 2046). This station was built around 1860-1. It was succeeded in 1864 by the station to the north east (SMR 2084).
Site Name
North Shields Terminus
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
2050
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2050 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
I.M. Ayris, & S.M. Linsley,1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p.11
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
2048,2065
DAY1
05
DAY2
28
District
N Tyneside
Easting
437430
EASTING2
3719
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
569280
NORTHING2
6921
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Tynemouth
Description
A coal railway along Tynemouth North Pier, possibly associated with the adjacent Cement Works (HER ref. 2048).
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Railway along Tynemouth North Pier. Maybe associated with the Cement Works (SMR 2048). Full extents not shown on 1st edn OS mapping {1}. The railway carried coal {2}.
Site Name
North Pier Railway
Site Type: Specific
Railway
HER Number
2049
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 2049 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1865, 6 inch scale, Northumberland 89
J. Alexander, 1999, Images of England - Tynemouth & Cullercoats, p 64