English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
650, 654, 655
DAY1
01
DAY2
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
426620
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MATERIAL
Bronze
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 25 NE 8
Northing
555885
parish
Birtley
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Birtley
Description
In c. 1931-2 A. Raistrick found a bronze spearhead at the Birtley claypits; it was one of several prehistoric objects recovered by him from that general area in the early 1930s. It measured 172 mm long, with a maximum width of 38 mm and socket width of 22 mm.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
In c. 1931-2 A. Raistrick found a bronze spearhead in/at the Birtley claypits. It was one of several prehistoric objects recovered by him from that general area in the early 1930s. Miket describes it thus: "Length 172 mm, max. width 38 mm, width (socket) 22 mm. Plain, pegged spearhead with leaf-shaped blade".
Site Name
Birtley, bronze spearhead
Site Type: Specific
Socketed Spearhead
HER Number
656
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 656 >> R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 32 no. 5, p. 121 plate 3.1
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
2020
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
650, 653, 654
DAY1
01
DAY2
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
426506
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555803
parish
Birtley
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Later Prehistoric -4,000 to 43
Place
Birtley
Description
In 1931 "a portion of a perforated stone hammer" was found, apparently with a bronze axe (HER no. 654), in Blythe & Co.'s brickyard at Birtley. It was recovered from "a mass of clay involved in a slight landslip, in a thin patch of gravel overlying deep deposits of late glacial lake muds. The gravel is part of an old stream delta formed in the lake, a small patch of dry ground in a swamp".
SITEASS
Like the flints (SMR 650-653), and axe (SMR 654), this too could have been found in Co. Durham.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"A portion of a perforated stone hammer" was found with a bronze axe (SMR 654) in 1931 in Blythe & Co.'s brickyard at Birtley. It was recovered from "a mass of clay involved in a slight landslip, in a thin patch of gravel overlying deep deposits of late glacial lake muds. The gravel is part of an old stream delta formed in the lake, a small patch of dry ground in a swamp". Note that the only mention of the association of the two objects is in Source 2 below.
Site Name
Birtley, perforated hammer
Site Type: Specific
Hammer
HER Number
655
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 655 >> A. Raistrick, 1933, Exhibits, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 4, V (for 1931-32), p. 212
W. Bulmer, 1942, A Bronze Age Winged Axe from Birtley, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 4, IX (for 1939-41), 97
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
2020
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
650, 655
DAY1
01
DAY2
09
District
Gateshead
Easting
426498
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MATERIAL
Bronze
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 25 NE 3
Northing
555797
parish
Birtley
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Bronze Age -2,600 to -700
Place
Birtley
Description
In 1931 a bronze wing-flanged axe was found, apparently with a perforated stone hammer (HER no. 655), in Blythe & Co.'s brickyard at Birtley. It was recovered from "a mass of clay involved in a slight landslip, in a thin patch of gravel overlying deep deposits of late glacial lake muds. The gravel is part of an old stream delta formed in the lake, a small patch of dry ground in a swamp". The axe is 133 mm long, 52 mm wide, and has a widely splayed cutting edge and poorly developed stop ridges. It has a triangular tapering groove on each side. Raistrick's analysis: 82.73% copper, 17.2% tin, with traces of iron and nickel. It was exhibited twice to the Society of Antiquaries, but its present whereabouts are unknown.
SITEASS
Like the flints, SMR 650-653, this too could have been found in Co. Durham.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
In 1931 a bronze wing-flanged axe was found in Blythe & Co.'s brickyard at Birtley. It was recovered from "a mass of clay involved in a slight landslip, in a thin patch of gravel overlying deep deposits of late glacial lake muds. The gravel is part of an old stream delta formed in the lake, a small patch of dry ground in a swamp". Described by Bulmer as "an elegant specimen of its class", the axe is 133 mm long, 52 mmm wide, and has a widely splayed cutting edge and poorly developed stop ridges. It has a triangular tapering groove on each side. Raistrick's analysis: 82.73% copper, 17.2% tin, with traces of iron and nickel. It was exhibited twice to the Society of Antiquaries, but its present whereabouts are unknown. Miket says it is in private possession, but it is not clear whether he had actually seen it.
Site Name
Birtley, bronze axe
Site Type: Specific
Wing Flanged Axehead
HER Number
654
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 654 >> A. Raistrick, 1933, Exhibits, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 4, V (for 1931-32), p. 212
A. Raistrick, 1933, Proceedings University of Durham Philosophical Society, -Vol. IX, pp. 47-54
W. Bulmer, 1942, A Bronze Age Winged Axe from Birtley, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 4, IX (for 1939-41), 97, 107-8
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, pp. 32-33, fig. 8, no. 1
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
2020
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
651, 652, 653
DAY1
01
DAY2
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
426500
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 25 NE 10
Northing
555800
parish
Birtley
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Mesolithic -10,000 to -4,000
Place
Birtley
Description
In 1932-33 a number of prehistoric artifacts were found at Birtley Brickworks from "a large area of glacial varve clay making a late glacial lake". The objects included a flint knife, "a few cores of true Lyne Hill type", flakes with secondary chipping, scrapers, "and a fair number of coarsely worked bulky flakes".
SITEASS
This group is not published by Wymer or Young. Miket's 6 fig grid ref is a bit optimistic, and on present knowledge all the finds from the clay pits could have come from Co. Durham. OS gives a museum accession number; Miket doesn't.
Site Type: Broad
Artefact Scatter
SITEDESC
In 1932-33 a number of prehistoric artifacts were found at Birtley Brickworks from "a large area of glacial varve clay making a late glacial lake". The objects included a flint knife, "a few cores of true Lyne Hill type", flakes with secondary chipping, scrapers, "and a fair number of coarsely worked bulky flakes".
Site Name
Birtley, flints
Site Type: Specific
Lithic Scatter
HER Number
650
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 650 >> A. Raistrick, 1933, Mesolithic Sites of the North-East Coast of England, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia,Vol. VII, Part II, pp. 196-7, fig. 5.1-6
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 32 no. 4
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
17
DAY2
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
423780
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559360
parish
Lamesley
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Ravensworth
Description
In Hatfield's Survey of the late 14th century, under Kibblesworth, it was recorded that Robert de Lomeley held a watermill, near Ravensworth, and paid an annual rent of 6d. A possible site is Cowclose Mill, north-east of Ravensworth Castle. The Trench (a burn) ran south-east to a mill pond just west of the mill, and then continued east to the Team. The pond, and an unnamed building, are still shown on the modern Ordnance Survey map.
SITEASS
Visit the site and see what is there.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
In Hatfield's Survey, under Kibblesworth, it was recorded that Robert de Lomeley held a watermill, near Ravensworth, and paid an annual rent of 6d. A possible site (the above grid reference) shown on the 1st ed. 6" map, is Cowclose Mill, north-east of Ravensworth Castle. Dated C14th.
Site Name
Ravensworth, mill
Site Type: Specific
Watermill
HER Number
649
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 649 >> W. Greenwell, ed. 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, p. 108
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
16
DAY2
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
424700
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556800
parish
Lamesley
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Kibblesworth
Description
In 1180 a Roger de Kibblesworth witnessed a charter of Bishop Puiset alienating half the manor. This is the earliest reference to the name, since it is not in Boldon Buke (a survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset). In 1368 Alex de Kibblesworth died in possession of the upper hall and half the vill, and his 4 heirs divided the property, so giving rise to some, but not all, the freehold properties listed in Hatfield's Survey, a number of which were outside the township. The other half was held by the Scruteville family. It has been classed as an "irregular two-row plan with green", and this shape is still apparent in spite of many later alterations.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
In 1180 a Roger de Kibblesworth witnessed a charter of Bishop Puiset alienating half the manor. This is the earliest reference to the name: note it is not in Boldon Buke (1183 survey of land belonging to the Bishop of Durham, Hugh du Puiset). In 1340s Alex de Kibblesworth was seised of the vill, and had sublet half of it. In 1368 he died in possession of the upper hall and half the vill, and his 4 heirs divided the property, so giving rise to some, but not all, the freehold properties listed in Hatfield's Survey, a number of which were outside the township. The other half was held by the Scruteville family. The village does not really emerge in the Survey, though there are more convincing references in the Ravensworth Deeds. Roberts and Austin class it as "irregular two-row plan with green", and this shape is still apparent in spite of many later alterations. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Kibblesworth village
Site Type: Specific
Village
HER Number
648
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 648 >> W. Greenwell, ed. 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, pp. 107-8, 262
W. Hutchinson, 1787, History of...Durham, II, 491-2, 528-31
R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, II, 216-17
H.E. Bell, 1939, Calendar of Deeds given to the Society by Lord Ravensworth, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XVI, pp. 43-70, nos. 4, 66, 77, 80-82
J. Fryer, 1782, Kibblesworth, BP.3.103
1806, Blackburn Fell Enclosure, (Kibblesworth Common), BP.3.
Dept. Pal. & Dip. Durham, Tithe Awards, 1840, Lamesley
Dept. Pal. & Dip. Durham, 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1:2,500 scale, Durham VI.16; ASUD, 2008, Meadow View Care Home, Kibblesworth - Archaeological Assessment
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
16
DAY2
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
422350
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 25 NW 3
Northing
556060
parish
Lamesley
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Hedley Hall
Description
This site is traditionally known as Fox Park, Beamish, but the name Fox Park is not shown on modern 1:10,000 maps. The mound was first recorded in the Victoria County History's list of barrows, but is now thought probably a natural feature.
Site Type: Broad
Mound
SITEDESC
This site is traditionally known as Fox Park, Beamish, but the name Fox Park is not shown on modern 1:10,000 maps, and it is difficult to see why Beamish should come into it at all. The mound was first recorded in the VCH's list of barrows. It was dismissed by the OS in 1954 as "a non-descript mound, ploughed out on the north west side, with no trace of ditch...probably a natural feature", and this interpretation was confirmed by Young. A mound is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. Could this be upcast from a coal shaft?
Site Name
Hedley Hall, mound
Site Type: Specific
Mound
HER Number
647
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 647 >> W. Page ed. 1905, Ancient Earthworks Victoria County History, Durham, Vol. I, p. 363
Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, JHO, 1954, U mound (prob. natural) - Not an antiquity
R. Young, 1980, An Inventory of Barrows in County Durham, Transactions Architectectural & Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, New series, Vol. 5, p. 9 no. 40
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area, Inventory of Ancient Woodland
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Good
Crossref
106, 314, 339
DAY1
01
DAY2
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
423300
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 25 NW 5
Northing
559000
parish
Lamesley
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Ravensworth
Description
Ravensworth Park appears to have been enclosed by licence granted to Sir Henry Fitzhugh c. 1391, but was earlier mentioned in a deed of 1356 when John Lumley granted Robert Umfravill "the site, demesne, park, meadows and pasture of the manor of Raueneshelme" for a term, and with the right to work a coal pit. The Ordnance Survey notes that the limits of the park, which is surprisingly intact, are made up of modern fences and other features. An early 18th century garden plan shows an avenue with two further avenues branching to the side, and Sir Henry Liddell suggested plantations and a canal and pond for the park in 1723, but whether they were ever installed is unclear. The 19th century house stood on a substantial terrace with ornamental gardens to the north west. These are still discernable, but there is little sign today of the fine arboretum shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1898. Existing planting basically follows the 1857 Ordnance Survey. A lodge and gateway remain at the former principal entrance to the east, and the park has an attractive home farm and other vernacular buildings of interest. LOCAL LIST
SITEASS
Further research required, - maps in DRO etc. Listed on English Heritage's Heritage At Risk Register 2009. Heritage At Risk 2013: Condition: Poor, Vulnerability: medium, Trend: deteriorating Heritage At Risk 2015: Condition: Poor, Vulnerability: medium, Trend: deteriorating
Site Type: Broad
Park
SITEDESC
"Ravensworth Park appears to have been enclosed by licence granted to Sir Henry Fitzhugh 14 Richard II (c. 1391). The approximate limits as shown on OS 6" 1861 probably date from the castle built 1808". The OS then cite as their source E.P. Shirley, English Deer Parks (1867), 228. It has not yet been possible to obtain this and discover the original source. The OS then continue, "The limits of the park are mainly modern features (i.e. hedges, walls, roads etc.) and nothing was seen that could be identified with the C14 park". Note that the park was mentioned in a deed of 1356 when John Lumley granted Robert Umfravill "the site, demesne, park, meadows and pasture of the manor of Raueneshelme" for a term, and with the right to work a coal pit {1 and 2}. An early 18th century garden plan shows an avenue with two further avenues branching to the side. Sir Henry Liddell sent his son patterns for seats and railings for the garden in 1723. He suggested plantations and a canal and pond for the park, but whether they were ever installed is unclear. the 19th century house stood on a substantial terrace with ornamental gardens to the north west. These are still discernible. There is little sign today of the fine arboretum shown on the OS map of 1898. An article in Gardener's Magazine in 1834 describes the garden - its conservatory, terrace, lawns, flower beds, serpentine paths, fish pond and glasshouses. Existing planting basically follows the 1857 OS map. A lodge and gateway remain at the former principal entrance to the east and the drive is traceable. The park has an attractive home farm and other vernacular buildings of interest. Although edged by the A1, housing and Team Valley Trading Estate, the park is surprisingly intact {3 and 4}. Designated as a Conservation Area on 6th July 1990. Dated C14-19th.
Site Name
Ravensworth Park
Site Type: Specific
Landscape Park
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
646
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 646 >> Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, ISS. 1978, Medieval deer park
H.E. Bell,1939, Calendar of Deeds given to the Society by Lord Ravensworth, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XVI, p. 56 no. 38
F. Green, 1995, A Guide to the Historic Parks and Gardens of Tyne and Wear, p 18-19
F. Green, 1995, Historic Parks & Gardens in Tyne and Wear, Stage 2, Research
1834, Gardeners Magazine, Vol 10, p363-4
Surtees, 1824, The Antiquities of the County of Durham; Northern Archaeological Associates, 2006, Ravensworth Castle, Gateshead; North of England Civic Trust, 2008, Ravensworth Castle, Gateshead, Conservation Plan; Gateshead Local List X20/LLG/11
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Fair
Crossref
644
DAY1
12
DAY2
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
422070
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557950
parish
Lamesley
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Tinkler Row
Description
In 1979 Selkirk photographed from the air a horseshoe-shaped feature, apparently outlined by an outer ditch which enclosed part of a bank and second (inner) ditch. He interpreted this as a 'Possible Roman Reservoir'. From the photographs alone, however, it bears a distinct resemblance to the Stephen's Hall mine shaft (HER no. 638).
SITEASS
Visit the site. How did this escape opencasting in this area?
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
In 1979 R. Selkirk photographed from the air a horseshoe-shaped feature, apparently outlined by an outer ditch which enclosed part of a bank and second (inner) ditch. He interpreted this as a "Possible Roman Reservoir", - a "pond" surrounded by large stones, and with a central stone inscribed PD etc. From the photographs alone, however, it bears a distinct resemblance to the Stephen's Hall mine shaft (SMR 638).
Site Name
Tinkler Row Quarry, circular earthwork
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
645
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 645 >> Aerial Photograph, R. Selkirk, 1979, Old Ravensworth -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, Gateshead Planning Dept, 1974, 27 Aug. Run 15.8, 9: 6 930 931
Aerial Photograph, Gateshead Planning Dept, 1981, 2 May, Run 10.34
Aerial Photograph, Gateshead Planning Dept, 1991, 12 Sept, Run 11.14 (137 91 185)
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
645
DAY1
12
DAY2
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
421950
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NW
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557550
parish
Lamesley
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Tinkler Row
Description
In 1979 Selkirk photographed from the air a possible rectilinear enclosure straddling the road from Birkhead Lane to Sunniside, south-east of the former Tinkler Row Quarry. An apparent boundary bank outlined its sides south of the road, and a full rectangle seems to show in the 1:10,000 vertical aerial photographs. The site is not apparent on the ground and may since have been opencasted.
SITEASS
A visit is necessary. Has this patch escaped opencasting in this area ? What are the dark blobs on it in the APs? Gorsebushes !
Site Type: Broad
Archaeological Feature
SITEDESC
In 1979 R. Selkirk photographed from the air a possible rectilinear enclosure straddling the road from Birkhead Lane to Sunniside, south-east of the erstwhile Tinkler Row Quarry. An apparent boundary bank outlined its sides south of the road in his APs: a full rectangle seems to show in the 1:10,000 verticals. On the Durham prints he described it, inevitably, as "Possible Roman Military site...". It must, however, be said that from a cursory examination this site is not apparent on the ground.
Site Name
Tinkler Row Quarry, rectilinear enclosure
Site Type: Specific
Site
HER Number
644
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 644 >> Aerial Photograph, R. Selkirk, 1979, Old Ravensworth, 30 Sept, 16 Oct., NZ 2157 A-G -Museum of Antiquities
Aerial Photograph, Tinkler Row Quarry Lamesley, 167/7-8 -Dept Archaeology Durham
Aerial Photograph, Gateshead Planning Dept, 1974, 27 Aug. Run 15/7, 8 (929 930)
Aerial Photograph, Gateshead Planning Dept, 1981, 2 May, Run 11/31, 32
Aerial Photograph, Gateshead Planning Dept, 1991, 12 Sept, Run 11/14 (137 91 185)
R. Selkirk, 1980, Possible Roman and Romano-British sites in Northern England, Archaeological Newsbulletin for CBA Regional Group 3, Series 2, No. 12, December 1980, p. 17
YEAR1
1992
YEAR2
1996