Said to have been founded as a leper hospital by Henry I or possibly Edward I, but there is no documentary evidence for its existence until somewhat later. Although supposed to have been dissolved by Henry VIII, there is documentary evidence to show it survived through the 16th century. It was refounded by James I in 1611 when the chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr on Tyne Bridge was annexed to it. It seems to have functioned until at least 1786, but in 1789 the antiquarian, Brand noted that what was left of the building had been converted into dwelling houses. Richardson's etching of 1826 is the only known view, and it was demolished c.1825-1830 when St. Thomas' church was erected on or near the site. The precise site of the hospital is uncertain, but it was probably on the north side of the west end of St. Mary's Place, under St. Thomas' churchyard. Excavation in 1997 in advance of road widening of St Mary's Place failed to find any evidence of the hospital.
SITEASS
Documentary research might tidy up the later history. No other development or burials have disturbed the site though there are trees. Excavation in 1997 in advance of road widening of St Mary's Place failed to find any evidence of the hospital.
Site Type: Broad
Hospital
SITEDESC
Said to have been founded as a leper hospital by Henry I but there is no documentary evidence for its existence until temp. Pope Alexander III or IV. According to Charlton (1885) Henry I founded the hospital in Newgate for a master brethren and three sisters to receive lepers. The City Guide notes suggest it was founded in 1291 (Edward I). Henry II removed the hospital from Newgate to Barras Bridge. The hospital also dealt with other skin diseases, becoming so full that patients were also lodged outside in huts. Supposed to be dissolved 31 Henry VIII, but there is documentary evidence to show it survived through C16. After leprosy vanished from England, the hospital was used to treat plague sufferers. In 1582 Queen Elizabeth granted away the hospital, but it was refounded by James I, for a master and 3 old, poor and unmarried burgesses, in 1611 when the chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr on Tyne Bridge was annexed to it. Its last master seems to have succeeded in 1786, though in 1789 Brand noted that what was left of the building had been converted into dwelling houses. Richardson's etching of 1826 is the only known view, and it was demolished in or before 1830 when St. Thomas' church was erected on or near the site. (City Guides suggest demolished in 1825). Bourne suggests that the name Barras derives from barrows or grave mounds - it does seem likely that the area was used to bury those who had died from leprosy. Precise site of hospital is uncertain, but it was probably on the north side of the west end of St. Mary's Place, under St. Thomas' churchyard, in a field in 1732 labelled "No. 16. The Magdalens". Near the hospital was Emilden Place (1428) or Emuldon Place (1429). Dated C12th.
Site Name
Barras Bridge, Hospital of St. Mary Magdalene
Site Type: Specific
Leper Hospital
HER Number
296
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 296 >> Mary Magdalene, MSS MM etc -Tyne and Wear Archive Service.
Mary Magdalene, MSS, 1732, MM Q/1/52 (Long Box 62) (and 285.68, a second copy)- Tyne and Wear Archive Service
H. Bourne, 1736, History of Newcastle
J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, Vol. I, pp. 424-31, 648-9
E. Mackenzie, 1827, History of Newcastle
T. Oliver, 1831, A Picture of old Newcastle upon Tyne
T.M. Richardson, 1880, Memorials of old Newcastle-upon-Tyne, no. XXI
R.J. Charleton, (date unknown) History of Newcastle, pp. 364-6
R. Welford, History of Newcastle and Gateshead, Vol. III, p. 123
F.W. Dendy, 1904, An Account of Jesmond, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, I, pp. 25 and note, 151-4
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
2015
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
294
DAY1
21
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
426000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 11
Northing
560000
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Gateshead
Description
On 1st June 1814 Joseph Henderson of Gateshead Fell gave the Society of Antiquaries the upper and lower stones of a quern, or hand mill, found on Gateshead Fell. This donation was accompanied by an outline plan of an enclosure or camp, in which the mill-stones and fragments of others were found. The place was situated in a parcel of ground allotted to Mr. Henderson, at the time of the enclosure of Gateshead Fell.
SITEASS
"The querns from this site were not definitely located in the large collection of querns..." held by the Society of Antiquaries.(2)
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
On 1 June 1814 Joseph Henderson of Gateshead Fell gave the Society of Antiquaries "the upper and lower Stones of an ancient Quern, or Hand Mill, found on Gateshead Fell. This donation was accompanied by a Drawing of the Lines of a certain Enclosure or Camp, in which these and several fragments of mill-stones were found. The place was situated in a parcel of ground allotted to Mr. Henderson, at the time of the enclosure of Gateshead Fell".
Site Name
Gateshead Fell, querns
Site Type: Specific
Quern
HER Number
295
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 295 >> J. Henderson, 1822, Appendix: Donations, Archaeologia Aeliana, 1, I, p. 4
Ordnance Survey Archaeological Record Cards, JHO, 1952, U earthwork, NZ26SE11
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
295
DAY1
21
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
426000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 11
Northing
560000
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Gateshead
Description
An earthwork was recorded on Gateshead Fell in the early 19th century. Joseph Henderson, the landowner, gave the Society of Antiquaries a quern from the site, together with an outline plan of the earthworks. A contemporary description of the site is as follows: "The west side of the entrenched ground measured 220 yards, the north end 66 yards, and the breadth of the area from east to west at the south end, and from the north-east to the south-east corner 33 yards. An oblong entrenched area, 30 yards long and 14 broad, was also formed on the east side of it; at the south end there was a circular enclosure, 14 feet in diameter, formed with stones, each 3 feet long, and set on edge; and at 21 yards from the west side an entrenched line led to a spring opposite the north-west corner". This description suggests a native settlement of the late Iron Age or Roman periods.
SITEASS
Enclosure or tithe award maps might help to locate the site. It seems likely to be IA or RB.
Site Type: Broad
Enclosure
SITEDESC
An earthwork, which produced querns, was recorded on Gateshead Fell. "The place was situated in a parcel of ground allotted to Mr. Henderson, at the time of the enclosure of Gateshead Fell. The west side of the entrenched ground measured 220 yards, the north end 66 yards, and the breadth of the area from east to west at the south end, and from the N.E. to the S.E. corner 33 yards. An oblong entrenched area, 30 yards long and 14 broad, was also formed on the east side of it; at the south end there was a circular enclosure, 14 feet in diamtere, formed with stones, each 3 feet long, and set on edge; and at 21 yards from the west side an entrenched line led to a spring opposite the north-west corner". Longstaffe wrote, "No evidence defines the date...of some irregular intrenchments in the Camp Field on Gateshead Low Fell, which is north-west of the old engine...". It was said more recently that the description suggested "a native settlement of Ewe Close type (Romano-British)".
Site Name
Gateshead Fell, earthwork
Site Type: Specific
Ditched Enclosure
HER Number
294
Form of Evidence
Levelled Earthwork
Sources
<< HER 294 >> J. Henderson, 1822, Appendix: Donations, Archaeologia Aeliana, 1, I, p. 4
W.H.D. Longstaffe, 1858, Durham before the Conquest, Proceedings of the Archaeological Institute Newcastle, Vol I, p. 63
Ordnance Survey Archaeological Record Cards, RPM, 1977, U earthwork, NZ26SE11
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
Crossref
273, 284
DAY1
18
DAY2
05
District
Gateshead
Easting
425000
Grid ref figure
8
HEIGHT_OD
91
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 102
Northing
563000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
There are possible documentary references to Gateshead in 653 A.D. and 1080, but there was certainly a settlement there when Bishop Puiset granted Gateshead a charter in the 1180s. By that time the borough had mills, fisheries and bakehouses. The east part of the township was the bishop's park, the south was the Fell or waste; the forest in much of the rest was cleared for cultivation, with parts already sold off to create private estates. The inhabited part was small in the medieval period - Pipewellgate and Hillgate along the river on either side of the bridge, Oakwellgate on the east edge of the town, and Bottle Bank/Fore Street (site of the market) running south along the old Roman road. The medieval burgage pattern survived into the 19th century at least, except in Oakwellgate which may never have had it.
SITEASS
The medieval town was not walled, although there is a possibility that an early core settlement around St Mary's Church (HER 5636) was enclosed within some form of semi-defensible curvilinear boundary. The town expanded southwards, possibly in the C12, in what may have been an attempt to create a planned settlement with back lanes to the east and west, cross-streets (chares) and properties fronting onto the central High Street. As part of this the High Street may have been realigned westwards to serve the Tyne Bridge, leaving a section of an earlier north-south approach to a river crossing fossilised as Oakwellgate. An excavation in 1990 on the Swan National Car Hire Depot on Church Street recorded stratified deposits to a depth of 1.9m, much of which produced medieval pottery. Evaluation at Oakwellgate in 1990 found two pits containing late medieval material. A further evaluation in 1991 recorded a medieval pit which had been backfilled and sealed by a stone wall. Overlying this was soil containing C15 pottery and refuse. A large-scale excavation at Oakwellgate in 1999 recorded medieval metalled surfaces, a retaining wall between Oakwellgate and Lawes Close, pits containing C14-C15 pottery, plough marks and medieval parts of the rectory. Evaluation at Bottle Bank in 1994 recorded deeply-stratified medieval backland deposits containing finds of C13-C14 date. The larger-scale excavation of 2000 found stone boundary walls of medieval burgage plots and cut features dating from C12 onwards. Finds included three medieval wooden bowling balls. The low water mark of the Tyne formed the northern boundary for the tenements in Pipewellgate. Evidence of burgage plot divisions can be traced in part of the extant river wall (Ayris and Jubb 1995).
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
Earliest reference might be 653, or even 1080 (when Walcher, Bishop of Durham, was murdered outside the church at Gateshead), but there was certainly a settlement here when Gateshead achieved limited borough status when Bishop Hugh du Puiset granted a charter in ?1184 (Beresford dates it to 1153). The charter was confirmed by Bishop Philip de Poitou in 1195. By that time the borough had mills, fisheries and bakehouses (see HER 5639-5641). The east part of the township was the bishop's park (HER 290), the south was the Fell or waste; the forest in much of the rest was cleared for cultivation, and part were disposed of even in C12, so starting the private estates typical of Gateshead. The inhabited part was small in the medieval period, - High Street/Fore Street/Via Regia (from 1295) (site of the market HER 5638), Pipewellgate (from 1295) and Hillgate/St Mary Gate (C14) along the river on either side of the bridge, Oakwellgate on the east edge of the town, and Bottle Bank (C14) running south along the old Roman road. The burgage pattern survived into the 19th century at least except in Oakwellgate which is odd, and may never have had it. According to Longstaffe the medieval road from Durham did not follow the Roman route, but passed between the old and the new Durham roads entering Gateshead by West Street. Gateshead was in Diocese of Durham until 1882. Gateshead was a municipal borough in 1835 and a county borough in 1888. A medieval charter allowed Gateshead people to take reeds for thatch {McCombie, 2009, 12}. Dated C11th.
Site Name
Gateshead Borough
Site Type: Specific
Town
HER Number
293
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 293 >> W. Greenwell, ed. 1852, Boldon Buke, Surtees Society, 25, pp. 44, xxv, xxxvii
W. Greenwell, ed. 1856, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, pp. 88-89
W. Greenwell, ed. 1871, Feodarium Prioratus Dunelmensis, Surtees Society, 58, pp. 7, 196-7, 307
W. Hutchinson, 1787, History of...Durham, II, pp. 570-90
D.A. Kirby, ed. 1972, Parliamentary Surveys of the Bishopric of Durham, Surtees Society, II 185, pp. 111-19
R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, II, pp. 105-135
TW.H. Knowles & J.R. Boyle, 1890, Vestiges of Old Newcastle and Gateshead, pp. 218-49
M.H. Dodds, 1915, The Bishops' Boroughs, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XII, pp. 81-185
F.W.D. Manders, 1973, A History of Gateshead
C. Hutton, 1770, Newcastle upon Tyne
E. MacKenzie, 1827, A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Town and Country of Newcastle, p 745
M. Beresford, 1967, New Towns of the Middle Ages, p 431
M. Beresford & H.P.R. Finberg, 1973, English Medieval Boroughs: A Handlist, p 106
Excavation report,J. Nolan & J. Vaughan/Arcus 2002, Excavations at the site of the Regional Music Centre, Oakwellgate, Gateshead, Draft Report
Excavation report,Oxford Archaeology North, 2003, Bottle Bank, Gateshead, Archaeological Excavation Report - Draft
P. Bidwell, 1990, Tyne and Wear Museums, Oakwellgate, Archaeological Evaluation
B. Harbottle, 1990, Church Street, Archaeological Evaluation
P. Jubb & I. Ayris, 1995, Survey and history of stone river wall
J. Nolan, 1994, Bottle Bank, Archaeological Evaluation; Grace McCombie, 2009, Newcastle and Gateshead - Pevsner Architectural Guides; Ian Nairn, 1964, A Townscape Gazetteer - County Durham, Architectural Review, Vol. 135 (1964) p 120; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2009, West Central Gateshead - Archaeological Assessment
SURVIVAL
1-19%
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
2004
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
288
DAY1
19
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
425690
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563140
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
A stone cross stood in front of the chapel of St. Edmund, Bishop and Confessor. It is mentioned in 1430 as 'standing in the King's highway at the head of the town of Gateshead'. Its base remained in 1783, and is shown in Grose's engraving of St. Edmund's Chapel. It marked the site known in former times as Gateshead- Head. In the year 1594 it was the scene of the martyrdom of John Ingram,'a seminary priest'.
Site Type: Broad
Cross
SITEDESC
"In front of the chapel of St. Edmund, Bishop and Confessor, stood formerly a stone cross. It is mentioned in an inquisition held in 1430 as 'a certain cross standing in the King's highway at the head of the town of Gateshead' (ad caput villae de Gateshed). It is again mentioned in a survey of the boundaries of Gateshead Fell, taken in 1647, as 'a blew stone near Sr Thomas Riddell, Knt. his house, which is fixed in the ground or earth near to the high street leading to the Southwards, close by the East side of the causeway'. Its base remained in 1783, and is shown in Grose's engraving of St. Edmund's Chapel. It marked the site known in former times as Gateshead- Head. In the year 1594 , it was the scene of a martyrdom. The martyr was John Ingram, 'a seminary priest'." Dated C15th.
Site Name
Gateshead Head, boundary cross
Site Type: Specific
Boundary Cross
HER Number
292
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 292 >> TW.H. Knowles & J.R. Boyle, 1890, Vestiges of Old Newcastle and Gateshead, pp. 237-8
Illustration, F. Grose, 1783, Antiquities of England and Wales, IV
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
288
DAY1
19
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
425750
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563150
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Tudor 1485 to 1603
Place
Gateshead
Description
At the time of the Dissolution in the mid-16th century the Hospital of St. Edmund Bishop and Confessor was acquired by William Lawson of Newcastle, whose daughter and heir, Anne, married William Riddell, sheriff and 3 times mayor of Newcastle. He built the mansion, to be called Gateshead House, behind and east of the hospital. The Riddells continued to live there until 1711 when it passed to the Claverings. As Royalists during the Civil War, the Riddells' property was damaged by the Scots who "…spoiled many Acres of his ground by making their Trenches in it", and because the Claverings were Roman Catholics, with a chapel in their mansion, the house was burnt by a mob in 1746 when Cumberland came north to deal with Bonnie Prince Charlie. It was never reoccupied and the only fragment to survive is an Elizabethan gateway, not on its original site, south-west of Holy Trinity church. LISTED GRADE 1
SITEASS
Doubtful if there is information to be gained by excavation. An interpretative plaque for this and the hospital might be helpful.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
At the Dissolution the Hospital of St. Edmund Bishop and Confessor was acquired by William Lawson of Newcastle, whose daughter and heir, Anne, married William Riddell, sheriff and 3 times mayor of Newcastle in the late C16. He built the mansion, to be called Gateshead House, behind and east of the hospital. The Riddells continued to live there into 18th century when, in 1711, it passed to the Claverings. As Royalists temp. Civil War, the Riddells' property was damaged by the Scots who "...spoiled many Acres of his ground by making their Trenches in it", and because the Claverings were Roman Catholics, with a chapel in their mansion, the house was burnt by a mob in 1746 when Cumberland came north to see off Bonnie Prince Charlie. It was never reoccupied. Surtees described it as "the ruins of a building in the high style of Elizabeth or James, with large bay windows, divided by stone mullions and transoms...". Only frag. to survive is an Elizabethan gateway, not on its original site, south-west of Holy Trinity.
Site Name
Gateshead House
Site Type: Specific
Town House
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade I
HER Number
291
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 291 >> R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, II, p. 127 & opp.
TW.H. Knowles & J.R. Boyle, 1890, Vestiges of Old Newcastle and Gateshead, pp. 234-7
N. Pevsner, revised by E. Williamson, 1983, Buildings of England: County Durham, p. 284
SURVIVAL
1-19%
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
19
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
426800
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 39
Northing
563000
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
In the late 12th century Bishop Puiset gave certain rights in the forest of Gateshead to the burgesses of Gateshead, the bishops having hunted there in the 12th and 13th centuries. The bishop's park covered the whole of the east half of Gateshead, roughly within the area bounded by High Street, Sunderland Road and Felling, and was enclosed by a bank and ditch. As time passed it was used less, and decreased in size. Around the late 13th century Claxton's and Friar's Goose Estates were carved out of the park to provide a rental for the Hospital of St. Edmund King and Martyr; and in 1554 the Saltmeadows estate was leased to Newcastle Corporation. What remained became the demesne land of the manor of Gateshead.
Site Type: Broad
Hunting Site
SITEDESC
In the late C12 Bishop Puiset gave certain rights in the forest of Gateshead to the burgesses of Gateshead, the bishops hunting there in C12-C13. The bishop's park covered the whole of the east half of Gateshead, and was enclosed by a bank and ditch. According to (3) it was bounded by High Street, Sunderland Road and Felling, but it might be more accurate to say by the rear of the properties on the east side of Oakwellgate and High Street, ?Split Crow Road rather than Sunderland Road, and River Tyne. As time passed it was used less, and decreased in size. In probably the late C13 Claxton's and Friar's Goose Estates were carved out of the park to provide a rental for the Hospital of St. Edmund King and Martyr; and in 1554 the Saltmeadows estate was leased to Newcastle Corporation. What remained became the demesne land of the manor of Gateshead. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Bishop's Park
Site Type: Specific
Deer Park
HER Number
290
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 290 >> W. Hutchinson, 1787, History of...Durham, II, pp. 454, 461
W. Greenwell, ed. 1857, Bishop Hatfield's Survey, Surtees Society, 32, p. 88
F.W.D. Manders, 1973, A History of Gateshead, pp. 2, 6-7, 129-130
R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, II, pp. 107-8
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Transport
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
17
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
426160
EASTING2
2800
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ25NE
MAP2
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
561670
NORTHING2
5919
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Gateshead
Description
In 1858 Longstaff described "...an ancient paved road from Newcastle to Usworth, (forming) the eastern boundary of the parish of Gateshead, ...now supplanted by hedges and walls". He also mentions that it appears as 'The Great Roman Way' on the Heworth Common Act and is also called 'Fell Dyke'. The enclosure award maps for Gateshead Fell show a continuous 'public foot road', usually entitled 'Roman Causeway', from the Old Durham Road southwards to the Wrekendyke, with a bend in the middle just north of Windy Nook Road. It functioned as a boundary between Gateshead and Heworth until 1974 south of the bend, and is still a public route of one sort or another in its south part.
SITEASS
Any opportunity to examine the structure of this route and to determine its date should be taken, and further documentary research might be useful.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
"...an ancient paved road from Newcastle to Usworth, having neither the commanding situation nor other appearances of a Roman road, forms the eastern boundary of the parish of Gateshead, and in the Heworth Common Act it is termed 'The Great Roman Way'. It is also called 'Fell Dyke', but the boundary itself is now supplanted by hedges and walls". So wrote Longstaffe in 1858. The enclosure award maps for Gateshead Fell show a continuous 'public foot road', usually entitled 'Roman Causeway', between the above grid refs, i.e. from the Old Durham Road at the N to the Wrekendyke at the S, with a bend in the middle just N of Windy Nook Road. It functioned as a boundary between Gateshead and Heworth until 1974 S of the bend, i.e. S of 2693 6080. It is still a public route of one sort or another, a metalled or tarmac footpath in its S part
Site Name
Fell Dyke
Site Type: Specific
Road
HER Number
289
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 289 >> Bell Papers, 19th century, Gateshead High Fell, BP2 17, 20, 22a, d -Gateshead Library Local Studies
W.H.D. Longstaffe, 1858, Durham before the Conquest, Proceedings of the Archaeological Institute Newcastle, Vol. I, pp. 62-3
F.W.D. Manders, 1973, A History of Gateshead, p. 5
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
CONDITION
Fair
DAY1
17
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
425710
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 425
Northing
563140
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
A chapel and hospital of the Holy Trinity existed in Gateshead before the end of the 12th century. In 1244/49 Bishop Nicholas de Farnham of Durham founded the Hospital of St. Edmund Bishop and Confessor for 4 resident chaplains, and amalgamated it with Holy Trinity. In 1325 it consisted of a chapel, buttery, hall, kitchen, brewhouse, bakehouse, granary, byre, pigsty and court. In 1448 Bishop Neville gave it to St. Bartholomew's nunnery, and when that was dissolved in 1540 the hospital and chapel ceased to be used and fell into decay. In 1836 Cuthbert Ellison of Hebburn gave the chapel to the rector of Gateshead, and in 1837 it was restored by John Dobson and reopened as Holy Trinity. In 1894-6 its north wall was demolished and the church became the south aisle of the new Holy Trinity. In 1969 the latter was declared redundant, but St. Edmund's continued in use, and in 1982 became the parish church of Gateshead. LISTED GRADE 1
Site Type: Broad
Hospital
SITEDESC
A chapel and hospital of the Holy Trinity existed in Gateshead before the end of C12. 1244/49 Bishop Nicholas de Farnham of Durham founded the Hospital of St. Edmund Bishop and Confessor for 4 resident chaplains, and amalgamated it with Holy Trinity. In 1325 it consisted of a chapel, buttery, hall, kitchen, brewhouse, bakehouse, granary, byre, pigsty and court. In 1448 Bishop Neville appropriated it to St. Bartholomew's nunnery, and when that was dissolved in 1540 the hospital and chapel ceased to be used and fell into decay. In 1836 Cuthbert Ellison of Hebburn gave the chapel to the rector of Gateshead, and in 1837 it was restored by John Dobson and reopened as Holy Trinity. Its principal features in 1890: central W door, triplet of lancets in E wall, 5 lancets in each side wall, 2 blocked doors in N wall: brass indent in yard. In 1894-6 N wall demolished, and church became S aisle of new Holy Trinity. In 1969 latter declared redundant, but St. Edmund's continued in use, and in 1982 - after fire at St. Mary's - became the parish church of Gateshead. Excavations on the north side of the chapel in 1992 recorded several walls, possibly of 19th century date and an undated burial in a wooden coffin. The hospital became a house after the Reformation. There is a Renaissance door on the side elevation. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Hospital of St. Edmund Bishop and Confessor
Site Type: Specific
Hospital
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade I
HER Number
288
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 288 >> R. Surtees, 1820, History of...Durham, Vol. II, pp. 125-7
R.W. Billings, 1846, ...Architectural Antiquities of the County of Durham, p. 42
TW.H. Knowles & J.R. Boyle, 1890, Vestiges of Old Newcastle and Gateshead, pp. 298-304
J.R. Boyle, 1892, The County of Durham, p. 576
W. Page, ed. 1907, The Hospital of St. Edmund, Bishop and Confessor, Gateshead, Victoria County History, Durham Vol. II, p. 117
F.W.D. Manders, 1973, A History of Gateshead, pp. 29, 128, 138, 214
M. Martin, 1983, St. Edmund's Chapel Gateshead
F. Grose, 1783, Antiquities of England and Wales, Vol. IV, p.
J. Bell, 1844, Appendix: Donations, Archaeologia Aeliana, 1, III, pp. 4-5
N. Pevsner, revised by E. Williamson, 1983, The Buildings of England: County Durham, pp. 283-4
W. Fordyce, 1857, History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, II
G.T. Goodrick, 1993, University of Newcastle, Site Investigations at St Edmund's Chapel
P. Ryder, 1997, St Edmund's Chapel, an Archaeological Assessment
W. Fordyce, 1857, History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, II
G.T. Goodrick, 1993, University of Newcastle, Site Investigations at St Edmund's Chapel
P. Ryder, 1997, St Edmund's Chapel, an Archaeological Assessment
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
12
DAY2
26
District
Gateshead
Easting
425900
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
02
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 5
Northing
562350
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
The earliest reference is 1315, but it was probably founded by a bishop of Durham in the 13th century or before. In 1535 it owned 80 acres of land, and a close at Shotley Bridge. Since it was not dependent on a religious house it survived the Dissolution, and was refounded in 1611 as the Hospital of St. James. In 1810 a new chapel (in 1865 to become St. Edmund's Church) was built to the south of the old one, and in 1811 3 cottages were built for the brethren and the old chapel was demolished. St. Edmund's Church was demolished in the 1960s, and today the only evidence for the onetime existence of the hospital is a plaque in the wall of a house on the old site, on the east side of Old Durham Road between Cemetery Road and the cemetery.
SITEASS
Not much possibility of useful work here.
Site Type: Broad
Hospital
SITEDESC
Earliest reference is 1315, but illustrations of the medieval buildings suggest it had been in existence from at least the C13. Founded by a bishop of Durham for brothers, sisters and the poor, who were required to pray for the founders. Consisted of a chapel, of chancel and nave with western bellcote, and other buildings. In 1535 it owned 80 acres of land, and a close at Shotley Bridge. Not dependent on a religious house it survived the Dissolution, and was refounded in 1611 as the Hospital of St. James. In 1810 a new chapel (in 1865 to become St. Edmund's Church) was built to the south of the old one, and in 1811 3 cottages were built for the brethren and the old chapel was demolished. St. Edmund's Church (HER16521) was in its turn demolished in the 1960s, and today the only evidence for the onetime existence of the hospital is a plaque in the wall of a house on the old site, on the east side of Old Durham Road between Cemetery Road and the cemetery. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Hospital of St. Edmund King and Martyr
Site Type: Specific
Hospital
HER Number
287
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 287 >> E. Mackenzie, 1827, Newcastle upon Tyne, Vol. II, pp. 754-5
T. Oliver, 1830, Newcastle upon Tyne
TW.H. Knowles & J.R. Boyle, 1890, Vestiges of Old Newcastle and Gateshead, pp. 304-11
F.W.D. Manders, 1974, A History of King James's Hospital Gateshead
19th century, St. Edmund's Church, - Gateshead Library Local Studies Photographic Collection