English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
DAY2
31
District
Newcastle
Easting
418520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
2
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
567900
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whorlton
Description
Built in 1866 as a Chapel of Ease, administered by the curates of Newburn Parish. By 1896 Dr. Nowell the new vicar of Newburn had arranged for Whorlton to have a Curate in Charge so the Revd. ER Dawe took up residence at the parsonage with his young family. In 1897 a "temporary" church hall built of corrugated iron was built. A new hall was not in fact built until 1974. In 1900 the Reverend Arthur Lees from Dinnington became Vicar of Whorlton. Circa 1911 the east end of the church with the rounded apse had been demolished and a new taller sanctuary was built. The plan was then to knock down the rest of the original church to replace it with a much larger one. In preparation for this, doorways and a sanctuary arch were built. The opening above was "temporarily" bricked-up. Thankfully the old church was never demolished and the temporary infilling with house bricks still survives. LOCAL LIST
SITEASS
St John’s was consecrated as a chapel of ease in the parish of Newburn in 1899. The east and south elevations have projecting crenellated ground floor extensions of 1911. These elevations are a striking feature on the church. The facades have three sets of three windows and crenellations at the top which step up in the centre to support a Celtic cross. The facades also have buttresses projecting for them and steps leading up to off-centre doors. These unusual church features add character to the fine building.
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
Built in 1866 as a Chapel of Ease, administered by the curates of Newburn Parish. By 1896 Dr Nowell the new vicar of Newburn had arranged for Whorlton to have a Curate in Charge so the Revd. ER Dawe took up residence at the parsonage with his young family. In 1897 a "temporary" church hall built of corrugated iron was built. A new hall was not in fact built until 1974. In 1900 the Reverend Arthur Lees from Dinnington became Vicar of Whorlton. Circa 1911 the east end of the church with the rounded apse had been demolished and a new taller sanctuary was built. The plan was then to knock down the rest of the original church to replace it with a much larger one. In preparation for this, doorways and a sanctuary arch were built. The opening above was "temporarily" bricked-up. Thankfully the old church was never demolished and the temporary infilling with house bricks still survives.
Site Name
Church of St. John
Site Type: Specific
Chapel of Ease
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
6877
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 6877 >> St. John's Church, Whorlton - A living history of the church and its people 1866-2004
SURVIVAL
60-79%
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2007
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
304
DAY1
18
District
N Tyneside
Easting
435320
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
570710
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Early Prehistoric -1,000 000 to -4,000
Place
Marden
Description
In August 2003, a human skull was found whilst digging a flower bed adjacent to the rear outhouse extension of the property. This area was previously covered with mature bushes which had been in place for many years, possibly since the house was built in 1951. The skull was in a very good state of preservation, minus the lower jaw and front incisors. A discoid fracure on the right cheek was caused by the garden fork when the skull was unearthed. It was examined by a police pathologist who pronounced it to be of considerable antiquity at which point the County Archaeologist was informed. The site was photographed and then cleaned back by trowel. The skull was within and underlain by modern garden soil and building material. The close proximity to the Marden cropmark enclosure (HER 304) strongly suggests a late prehistoric or Romano-British date for the skull. The find-spot is 100 metres south-west of the southern boundary of the site excavated by George Jobey in 1961. As the skull lay within modern garden soil it was clearly not in-situ, but probably derived from somewhere nearby. The most probable origin is a burial site associated with the enclosure which was disturbed when the semi-detached houses were built on Ennerdale/Solway/Kirklington Road estate. The skull was probably incorporated with the top soil which was subsequently put back into the rear garden when building work was complete. Deposited with the Museum of Antiquities.
Site Type: Broad
Human Remains
SITEDESC
In August 2003, a human skull was found whilst digging a flower bed adjacent to the rear outhouse extension of the property. This area was previously covered with mature bushes which had been in place for many years, possibly since the house was built in 1951. The skull was in a very good state of preservation, minus the lower jaw and front incisors. A discoid fracure on the right cheek was caused by the garden fork when the skull was unearthed. It was examined by a police pathologist who pronounced it to be of considerable antiquity at which point the County Archaeologist was informed. The site was photographed and then cleaned back by trowel. The skull was within and underlain by modern garden soil and building material. The close proximity to the Marden cropmark enclosure (HER 304) strongly suggests a late prehistoric or Romano-British date for the skull. The find-spot is 100m south-west of the southern boundary of the site excavated by George Jobey in 1961. As the skull lay within modern garden soil it was clearly not in-situ, but probably derived from somewhere nearby. The most probable origin is a burial site associated with the enclosure which was disturbed when the semi-detached houses were built on Ennerdale/Solway/Kirklington Road estate. The skull was probably incorporated with the top soil which was subsequently put back into the rear garden when building work was complete. Deposited with the Museum of Antiquities.
Site Name
Marden, Kirklington Road, human skull
Site Type: Specific
Human Remains
HER Number
6876
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 6876 >> D. Heslop, County Archaeologist, 2003, Site Visit to Kirklington Road, Marden, North Tyneside, 3rd September 2003
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
18
DAY2
11
District
Newcastle
Easting
424220
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
MONTH2
1
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564500
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition. William Cole was licensee in the late C19. The Newcastle Harriers running club was formed here in 1887. They no longer survive. The Lord Hill (previously the Hound Inn) closed in 1966 to be replaced by the Magpie and Blue Star Club. The Lord Hill was the first changing room for St James' Park, as the licensee was a member of the football club's board. Site now car park.
Site Type: Broad
Inn
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition. William Cole was licensee in the late C19. The Newcastle Harriers running club was formed here in 1887. They no longer survive. The Lord Hill (previously the Hound Inn) closed in 1966 to be replaced by the Magpie and Blue Star Club. The Lord Hill was the first changing room for St James' Park, as the licensee was a member of the football club's board. Site now car park.
Site Name
Pitt Street, Lord Hill Inn (Hound Inn)
Site Type: Specific
Inn
HER Number
6875
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6875 >> Ordnance Survey second edition map, 1890; Brian Bennison, 1995, Brewers and Bottlers of Newcastle upon Tyne from 1850 to the present day, p 24; Pearson, Lynn, 2010, Played in Tyne and Wear - Charting the heritage of people at play, p 15; Bennison, B, 1998, Lost Weekends, A History of Newcastle's Public Houses, Vol 3, The West
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2016
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424200
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564430
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Gallowgate, Confectionary Works
Site Type: Specific
Confectionery Works
HER Number
6874
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6874 >> Ordnance Survey first edition map, 1850
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424240
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564430
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Gallowgate Flour Mill
Site Type: Specific
Flour Mill
HER Number
6873
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6873 >> Ordnance Survey first edition map, 1850
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424260
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564430
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition. Owned by Vaux. Its landlord for a while was Mr JP Watt, the son of Newcastle United's secretary Frank Watt. In 1903 the Northern Gossip invited football fans to take refreshments here before or after matches. The pub lost its licence in 1929.
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition. Owned by Vaux. Its landlord for a while was Mr JP Watt, the son of Newcastle United's secretary Frank Watt. In 1903 the Northern Gossip invited football fans to take refreshments here before or after matches. The pub lost its licence in 1929.
Site Name
Gallowgate, Bay Horse Inn
Site Type: Specific
Public House
HER Number
6872
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey second edition map, 1890; Brian Bennison, 1996, Heady Days - A History of Newcastle's Public Houses, Vol 1, The Central Area, p 9
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424240
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564410
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition.
Site Name
Gallowgate, smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
6871
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6871 >> Ordnance Survey second edition map, 1890; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2018, Heber St - Archaeological Assessment;
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1486
DAY1
18
DAY2
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424190
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564370
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. There were four parish Poor Law Houses in Newcastle. In 1839 the Newcastle Board of Governors started buying land on Westgate Road to accommodate a new workhouse for the City, which would replace them - this became Newcastle General Hospital. St. Andrew's poor House was enlarged and altered in 1810 and 1817. In 1831, according to Thomas Oliver, it housed 56 inmates. They cost 4s each per week to feed. Children were sent to school. Girls were employed in the house and taught writing and accounts by a master in the evenings. In exchange for work done, the sick were given medicine, and beer, wine and spirits were allowed.
Site Type: Broad
Workhouse
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. There were four parish Poor Law Houses in Newcastle. In 1839 the Newcastle Board of Governors started buying land on Westgate Road to accommodate a new workhouse for the City, which would replace them - this became Newcastle General Hospital. St. Andrew's poor House was enlarged and altered in 1810 and 1817. In 1831, according to Thomas Oliver, it housed 56 inmates. They cost 4s each per week to feed. Children were sent to school. Girls were employed in the house and taught writing and accounts by a master in the evenings. In exchange for work done, the sick were given medicine, and beer, wine and spirits were allowed.

An archaeological trench was placed over St. Andrew's Poor House in 2018. Back Lane is now called Heber Street. No remains of the poor house survived. Natural subsoil directly underlay the present ground surface.
Site Name
Gallowgate, St Andrew's Poor House
Site Type: Specific
Workhouse
HER Number
6870
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6870 >> Ordnance Survey first edition map, 1850; The Workhouse, The story of an institution, www.workhouses.org.uk/NewcastleUponTyne/; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2018, Heber St - Archaeological Assessment; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2018, Land at Heber Street, Newcastle - Archaeological Evaluation
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
424270
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564350
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on Ordnance Survey second edition.
Site Name
Gallowgate, smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
6869
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 6869 >> Ordnance Survey second edition map, 1890
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
18
DAY2
16
District
Newcastle
Easting
424230
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
2
MONTH2
5
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564360
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
This was the first public lunatic asylum. It was designed in 1765-7 by William Newton (who rebuilt the north front of the Guildhall with David Stephenson in 1796).
Hodgson called the asylum a "retired and quiet situation, suitable to persons afflicted with this terrible calamity" whilst Mackenzie describes it as a forbidding place where "little attention was paid to free ventilation and cleanliness. The chains, iron bars and dungeon-like cells" [were like a prison,] "highly injurious to their health and lives. Many of the cells were close, dark, cold holes less comfortable than cow-houses".
Patients were under the care of Drs Hall, Wood and Glenton, later Noel Thomas Smith.
Enlisted by Dr Noel Thomas, John Dobson added to Newton's Lunatic Asylum in 1824. The improvements provided ventilated cells with enclosed walkways. Class 1 males were provided with an airing-ground (1000 square yard) and the corresponding wing for class 1 females was also improved and enlarged. The class 2 males were in the main body of the building with an exercise yard (650 square yards) and class 3 males were on the chamber floor. Class 2 females were contained in the upper rooms of the projecting wings and class 3 females had apartments in the front of the building. Each class was provided with a day-room, warmed gallery, water-closet, warm, cold, and shower baths. The doors contained proper ventilation with lowered windows to enable outward views and double boarded floors for sound proofing. On the ground-floor was a kitchen, bake-house, wash-house, a yard, offices, matron's room and physician's room. Thomas Oliver says that the hospital housed 37 men and 38 women. In 1810 the 61 patients were split into 50 in first class, 8 in second class and 3 third class. Wealthy patients could pay for an individual bedroom and sitting room.
The asylum closed in 1867 due to overcrowding (Mackenzie says 1856). In the late C19 the buildings were modified for other (industrial) uses.
Upstanding stone walls of the asylum survive in the boundary walls of the People's Kitchen on Bath Lane, behind the tyre garage on St. James Boulevard and in the plot south of Heber Street. All of these walls have been archaeologically recorded.
Evaluation trenching in 2017 and 2018 recorded buried sandstone walls and mortar floors of the asylum. Further excavation in 2023 found that the site had been landscaped when the asylum was built.
Site Type: Broad
Hospital
SITEDESC
This was the first public lunatic asylum. It was designed in 1765-7 by William Newton (who rebuilt the north front of the Guildhall with David Stephenson in 1796).
Hodgson called the asylum a "retired and quiet situation, suitable to persons afflicted with this terrible calamity" whilst Mackenzie describes it as a forbidding place where "little attention was paid to free ventilation and cleanliness. The chains, iron bars and dungeon-like cells" [were like a prison,] "highly injurious to their health and lives. Many of the cells were close, dark, cold holes less comfortable than cow-houses".
Patients were under the care of Drs Hall, Wood and Glenton, later Noel Thomas Smith.
Enlisted by Dr Noel Thomas, John Dobson added to Newton's Lunatic Asylum in 1824. The improvements provided ventilated cells with enclosed walkways. Class 1 males were provided with an airing-ground (1000 square yard) and the corresponding wing for class 1 females was also improved and enlarged. The class 2 males were in the main body of the building with an exercise yard (650 square yards) and class 3 males were on the chamber floor. Class 2 females were contained in the upper rooms of the projecting wings and class 3 females had apartments in the front of the building. Each class was provided with a day-room, warmed gallery, water-closet, warm, cold, and shower baths. The doors contained proper ventilation with lowered windows to enable outward views and double boarded floors for sound proofing. On the ground-floor was a kitchen, bake-house, wash-house, a yard, offices, matron's room and physician's room. Thomas Oliver says that the hospital housed 37 men and 38 women. In 1810 the 61 patients were split into 50 in first class, 8 in second class and 3 third class. Wealthy patients could pay for an individual bedroom and sitting room.
The asylum closed in 1867 due to overcrowding (Mackenzie says 1856). In the late C19 the buildings were modified for other (industrial) uses.
Upstanding stone walls of the asylum survive in the boundary walls of the People's Kitchen on Bath Lane, behind the tyre garage on St. James Boulevard and in the plot south of Heber Street. All of these walls have been archaeologically recorded.
Evaluation trenching in 2017 and 2018 recorded buried sandstone walls and mortar floors of the asylum. Further excavation in 2023 found that the site had been landscaped when the asylum was built.
Site Name
Gallowgate, lunatic asylum
Site Type: Specific
Psychiatric Hospital
HER Number
6868
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
John Wood's Map of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1827; E. Mackenzie, 1827, The Descriptive and Historical Account of the Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne; Ordnance Survey first edition map, 1850; L. Wilkes and G. Dodds, 1964, Tyneside Classical - The Newcastle of Grainger, Dobson and Clayton; Archaeological Services Durham Univeristy, February 2007, Gallowgate Lunatic Asylum (SMR 6868); Mike Griffiths Associates, 2015, 2 St James Boulevard, Newcastle - Archaeological Assessment; Mayfield CA Ltd, May 2017, 2 St James Boulevard, Newcastle upon Tyne - Mitigation Recording of Stone Wall; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2018, Heber St - Archaeological Assessment; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2018, Land at Heber Street, Newcastle - Archaeological Evaluation; Mike Griffiths Associates, 2017, 2 St James Boulevard, Newcastle - Heritage Statement;
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2018