Two parapet figures from the town wall were found in Pandon, opposite the New Road (City Road), and presented to the Society of Antiquaries in 1881. Dated C14th.

In around 1705 a Presbyterian meeting house, also known as the Scottish Relief, was founded on part of the waste midden known as "The Mount" (HER 6544). The chapel almost certainly owed its location to the presence of Scottish "chapmen" and other religious minorities who were becoming numerous in the Garth. The chapel could seat 800 worshippers. Burials took place in the building and perhaps in the attached Garth. In use until 1814. As late as 1842 a tomb stone could be seen in the chapel floor to Margaret, daughter of Sir James Hall of Dunglass, Bart, who died at Newcastle in 1721. By the mid 18th century there were other associated buildings including a schoolhouse and a range of tenements owned by the Protestant Dissenter's meeting house between 1705 and 1746.

West of Parrot's Houses (HER 6543) part of the Garth served as a midden heap, known as the "motte or common dunghill" and later "The Mount". Premises enclosing it to the north and west came to be called "The Mount". Sanitary regulations appear to have been ignored. There is a comment in Welford III, 1620, p 232 that the dunghill caused the castle wall to fall over. By 1746 The Mount was completely enclosed by buildings. To the south was a lane called "Bankside" or "Low Way".

North and east of the properties on Castle Stairs (HER 6542) were "Parrot's Houses". They were brick-built, with steeply pitched pantile roofs. Illustrations and early photographs of these survive.

There was a speculative development of tenement dwellings on the east side of Castle Stairs in around 1745, by William Mills. By 1758, Mills had also acquired a block of buildings called Clogger's Row adjoining the eastern side of the Keep. Buildings were also built west of Castle Stairs, in the late C17, spilling over the curtain wall. They were extended and adapted in 18th century.

Half Moon Battery was a speculative development of semi-circular brick-built range of one-roomed tenements, with wooden galleries at the first floor encircling the whole. Nolan suggests that these were used for single men, perhaps journeymen, labourers or incomers to town. Part of the outer mantle of the Garth below the Half Moon collapsed in several places damaging or destroying a number of properties at the Bridge End and at Sandhill. The west of the Half Moon Battery was built by John Bowles and Alexander Young in the C17 and remodelled after 1750. Access to it was called Half Moon Entry. The name came from the fact that Sir John Marley used it as a battery against the Scots on Windmill Hills in Gateshead in the Civil War. Half Moon Battery was demolished c1808.

Until the reign of Elizabeth I, assizes for Northumberland were held in the Castle but the Moot or County Hall was in use for Court of Sessions for Northumberland by 1600. Described as a curious mixture of Roman, Norman, Gothic and "modern" influences, the building had an eastern wall built of thick square tessellated ashlar. At the north end there was a row of pilasters supporting circular arches. Two pointed arches supported the Westmorland slate roof. There were benches and docks at both ends of the building - the north end was used for civil cases, the south end criminal cases. It was altered between 1604 and 1625. Above the entrance at the north end of the west side of the building was a stone crest bearing the arms of England quartered within those of Scotland. By this time the building had Jacobean-style heavily mullioned windows, suggesting extensive remodelling of the medieval structure at this time. A brick jury room with sash window was added as a south extension at some time. The Moot Hall continued to be used for the regular sittings of quarterly assizes and as a place "for ordering of matters relating to the County of Northumberland". Quarter Sessions Papers 1680-1715 include regular accounts for the cleaning and repair of the building and Grand Jury Room. The Half Moon Battery (HER 6540) was possibly regarded as part of the Moot Hall at this time. Between court sessions, the Jury Room was occasionally used as a dancing school. On 4 November 1743 the Edinburgh Company of the Comedians performed a comedy called "The Conscious Lovers". 1500 people attended. By 1781-2 plays were being staged in a temporary building called the New Theatre in the Castle Garth. It went out of use when the Theatre Royal was built in 1788. After 1781, when it was no longer required for judicial functions, the Moot Hall was let to an auctioneer as a sale room. Demolition began in 1808. A new Moot Hall was begun in 1810.

Bourne records that there was a Chapel of the Garrison (or "Chapel House") in Castle Garth. By 1736 this was the site of the Three Bulls Heads Inn. When the Black Gate was occupied by John Pickles (he occupied the Black Gate until 1661), vintner, he also ran a tavern there which may have been the precursor of the later Two Bulls Heads. Between 1787 and 1789 two public houses are associated with the Black Gate, the Blue-bell and an unnamed establishment run by John Fife, bear-brewer. In 1790 the latter passed to another John Fife, staymaker, and was known as the Three Bull's Heads, Blackgate. It disappears from the directories five years later, only to re-emerge the following century as the Two Bull's Heads. By the mid 18th century much of the basement of the Keep was in use as beer cellars for the inn. Longstaffe speculated that the name had origins in the family crest of the Bolbecs, who held a house in the castle during the middle ages. The Three Bulls Heads served as a focal point for the community around it. Tradesmen in the Garth were "initiated" at a general meeting of their fellow traders at the inn. A beer cellar was dug for the tavern in 1752. In 1855 the Three Bulls Heads went to auction. It contained cellars, a bar, news room, tap rooms, parlour and quoits area with 12 half-barrel brewery attached. The pub closed in 1892. Nolan suggested that a cellar built for this inn in 1752 was located during archaeological excavations in railway arch 27, occupying the space between the sites of two Anglo Saxon chapels or churches. The Chapel-house was believed to have been the chapel for the Castle garrison.

In around 1752, when workmen were digging a cellar near the Castle Keep, they found a great number of human bones around 7 feet below ground level. It was assumed that they had been buried together in a pit during a siege of the Castle. A stone coffin was also found. Brand records the same incident, adding that the cellar was for the Three Bulls Heads Inn, which was built on the site of the medieval Chapel of the Garrison.

During an excavation in the neighbourhood of the castle, in around 1895, two stone coffins containing the bones of children were found. Could these be part of the Saxo-Norman cemetery?