By the 19th century there was a need to extend burial arrangements beyond the churchyard of St. Michael's (SMR 161). The earliest extension took place in 1806. The Corder Manuscripts give the following information: " the grounds on each side of the burn in Low Row. That on the east side extended to the National School and when this was rebuilt as a parish hall many remains turned up… the west side I am told was largely used for cholera cased buried in trenches and hence the lack of tombstones. Vaults were constructed and offered by auction in 1813, 13 in number and in 1815 12 large vaults under the National School and 2 more beyond… With the rapid increase of the Parish the above were only a mere stop-gap. In 1837 the Hon, Rev Dr Wellesly offered part of the Gill, being 2 acres and one rood, the ground to be tunnelled to let off a collection of water and soil used from Hartley's glassworks (SMR 2817) excavation to fill up and level the ground and Mr. Moore, architect, to prepare plans for chapel and wall… in 1838 a tender was given Johnson Oats for the tunnel £742 and for the road £120". The cemetery continued in use until 1854. Corder reports "a notice in Council that a new burial ground is to be opened within two miles of the Borough boundary and burials to be discontinued in the vaults of the Parish Church, National School ground and vaults, Bethel Chapel.. And after May 1st 1856 in the Jews Burial ground at Ayres Quay. In December 1854 the new burial ground was commenced". Corder, writing probably in the immediate post-war period adds: "it only remains to add that a recent scheme turned Gill Bridge into a temporary playground for children and a sewer driven across it with pagan indifference to the burials, children playing football with skulls so I was told and the tomb stones scattered and all record lost. A very indecent and callous business even if they were dead for years". The state of the towns graveyard was a cause for concern as the Appendix to the Second Report of Commissioners of Inquiry to the General Board of Health on.. The Sanitary Condition of the Borough of Sunderland reported: "The attention of the Committee has been called to the state of the churchyards… They are all crowded with the remains of the dead and scarcely a day passes over but that in preparing a place of sepulture all decency and propriety are outraged by the exposure to the public gaze of the mouldering remains of some fellow mortal… under a large free school in the Low Row, Bishopwearmouth there are a series of vaults in which already upwards of 60 or 70 bodies are deposited, and where it is intended to deposit more. Your Committee are informed, that on these vaults being opened, the effluvium which escapes is most offensive and dangerous…". The Rector's Gill Cemetery, with vaults and Episcopal Chapel are marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map of 1854. When the Galley Gill area was landscaped in 1972 a number of tombstones were stood against the perimeter wall of the site. Most are now illegible, but the earliest dates from 1816/7 and the latest possibly 1871. It is not known whether the bodies were removed from the graveyard or whether the ground was deconsecrated. The cemetery was opened after the largest of the town's cholera outbreaks which took place in 1831. There were other outbreaks during the cemetery's use, notably in 1848 {1}.

Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and an 1855 print of the Hartley Glassworks (SMR 2817) {1}.

Leazes Park is located on the northern limits of Newcastle city centre and provides a contrast with the wide open space of the Town Moor close by. Organising the first purpose built municipal park in the city was a taxing task for the councillors. In 1863 the architect and cartographer Thomas Oliver drew up plans for a formal park which included land across to Brandling village. The suggestions were not acceptable to the committee and John Hancock, brother of the naturalist Albany Hancock, was then commissioned to produce plans in 1871. Hancock's plan was inspired by 18th century landscape park design, disregarding requirements for recreational facilities which was a huge priority at the time. John Laing, who worked previously for Lord Armstrong as a steward, was asked to submit a design for the Castle Leazes, eventually the only area which was developed into a park. Having won the commission he made provision for skating, bowls and croquet. The existing boat lake, built in 1872 is the centrepiece of the design. A path leading from the west lodge approaches a stone terrace from which views across the park are framed by a stone balustrade {1}. The existing boat lake, built in 1872 is the centrepiece of the design. A path leading from the west lodge approaches a stone terrace from which views across the park are framed by a stone balustrade. There are several minor and three major entrances to the park. The main north gate consists of inward curving railings leading to a set of monumental stone gate posts which once held ornamental iron gates installed in 1897 to celebrate Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee. The West Gate was the other main entrance; its gate posts also survive. The Barrack Road gates were built to mirror the Jubilee Gate circa 1899, together with a road leading to the main west gate. Inside the park, the earliest recognised archaeological features are ridge and furrow earthworks of probable medieval date. These form part of the same system as that on Castle Leazes, and are the closest surviving traces of medieval cultivation to the city centre. On the south side of the lake are a cluster of structures and features, including a bandstand constructed in 1875, now visible as a circular earthwork mound, a fountain built in 1882, the outline of which remains visible, and a shelter built circa 1885, the foundations of which survive. There are a number of sports grounds within the park, including bowling greens at the north- and north-east corners of the park, the latter of which (originally a pair – the lower one perhaps a croquet lawn), probably dates from the 1870s or earlier. Various pavilions have been associated with the bowling greens at different periods. Grass tennis courts were originally constructed in 1878 close to the western boundary of the park, but were enclosed to become a deer park by 1907 before reverting to their original use by mid-century, re-surfaced in tarmac. Later tennis courts were built alongside the north-eastern bowling green (see above) adjacent to Leazes Terrace when the lower lake, constructed in 1893 was infilled circa 1924. Remains of the lower lake include the regular rectangular depression now occupied by the bowling green and tennis courts, the dam along the east side and the former quay wall and boat house at the north-west end. Other structural remains in the park include the foundations of a late 19th century urinal, two lodge houses and a well, originally a pant or spring-fed trough which pre-dates the park but was incorporated in the park design and still survives. Refurbished with a HLF grant in 2002/3. Since 2006 Leazes Park has hosted an annual cycling event, The Leazes Criteriums.

C19 cemetery, 4ha. Twin lodges (chapels) on Jesmond Road, with archway and gates, by John Dobson 1836. Massive gate piers on Sandyford Road with lodge to north, also by Dobson. A triangular site, bonded to north by Jesmond Road, to east by Sandyford Road, and to west by buildings of bus depot and T.A. centre. Newcastle General Cemetery Company formed 1834, and John Dobson employed to design the cemetery buildings. 21/2m high wall surrounds the site, which is crossed by main drive and paths running north-east/south-west (parallel to Jesmond Road) and south-east. Lesser paths of serpentine form. Broad straight walk on north side. The general design and planting may possibly have been influenced by J.C. Loudon {1}. John Dobson was buried in the cemetery …. There is an exciting collection of monuments showing the talent of local craftsmen during a period when the city was at a peak of achievement {2}. The Newcastle General Cemetery is now recognised as one of Dobson's finest surviving works. The cemetery is the last resting place for many of Newcastle's famous residents including John Dobson, architect, and Archibald Reed. Upgraded from grade 2 to grade 2* in 2009.

18th century landscape park and woodland, c.150ha. Gibside Hall built 1603-20 by William Blakiston, enlarged mid 18th century, again c.1805 by Alexander Gilkie. Additions by John Dobson 1856. Gutted 1920s, partly demolished 1958. Walled kitchen garden 18th century, 400m south-west of Hall. Mid 18th century work by Daniel Garrett for Geprge Bowes included new laundry 1744 (demolished), stables 1748 (300m south-east of Hall). Banqueting House 1751, 400m south-east (ruined, restored by Landmark Trust 1980). Garrett possibly also responsible for a Gothic Tower 1743 (demolished). James Paine designed Chapel and Mausoleum for George Bowes 1760-67, completed 1812, 700m south-west of Hall. Orangery c.1760, probably by Paine (ruined, to west of Hall). Column to British Liberty, by Garrett 1750-57, completed by Paine, with statue above carved by Christopher Richardson, 400m north-east of Hall. The park at Gibside slopes from south-east to north-west towards the winding valley of the Derwent. Gibside Hall overlooks the river, with mainly wooded ground to north-east and east, more open parkland to south and south-west, but affected by forestry plantation. Park probably laid out by the owner, George Bowes (1701-60), who moved to Gibside 1725 having inherited the estates of Streatlam and Gibside in 1722. Bowes acquainted with Stephen Switzer, though Switzer's connection with garden work at Gibside has not been established. From 1729-30 Bowes began plantations and the laying out of a serpentine drive through the estate, which allowed brief and changing views of the house and various features of the estate. The buildings listed above were also connected by a network of straight paths or avenues to allow lengthy and striking vistas. An octagonal basin, with fountain, 1742 400m south-east of Hall, was to be aligned with the Banqueting House further south-east, and in 1746-49 Bowes laid out the Great Walk, stretching for 1km north-east/south-west along a crest of the estate. This broad terrace walk was to be completed by the building of the Chapel and the Column to British Liberty. Walled garden north west of long walk, less connected with overall design. Orangery has parapet urns and steps leading to lawns where there was another fountain, now gone. Estate now in divided ownership. The Chapel and Terrace Avenue (5ha) given to National Trust 1965. Much of remaining estate leased by Forestry Commission {1}. This interesting and beautiful estate, now neglected dates back as far as we know to 1200, when it was in the possession of the Marleys of Marley Hill, by whom it was held until 1540. Failing an heir, it passed by the marriage of the only daughter Elizabeth to Roger Blakiston of Coxhoe. About the year 1694 there was again an heiress, and by her marriage to Sir William Bowes, the estate came into the family of the Bowes of Streatlam Castle. Gibside was then deserted until 1721, when the younger son of Sir William Bowes inherited both estates. When Thomas Bowes failed to produce an heir in 1885, the estates reverted to the Earls of Strathmore {2}. An evaluation in 2012 by On-Site Archaeology revealed further evidence of the former carriage drive .

Mid 19th century pleasure grounds, 18 ha, along the valley of the Ouse Burn. The areas were used as public parks from the late C19. Jesmond Dene was originally associated with house and grounds of Sir William George Armstrong, mid C19. Jesmond Towers 1817, enlarged by John Dobson 1820s, extended 1833, altered by Norman Shaw 1871; Jesmond Dene House largely by F.W. Rich 1896; both demolished. Banqueting Hall by Dobson 1860, on west side of Ouse Burn. Lodge by R Norman Shaw 1870. Park given to Newcastle Corporation 1883, opened as public park 1884. Wooded valley or dene, sloping steeply on both sides down to the Ouse Burn, which runs roughly north-south for 2km, turning to south-east and then again south, through park. Shrubbery, mature trees, some exotics. Castle Farm Bridge at northern end, Armstrong Bridge 1879 towards southern end of park. Links with Freeman Park (north-east), Armstrong Park and Heaton Park (south-east). Various buildings and features in park along course of Ouse Burn, not all connected with Armstrong. At northern end of park, Blackberry Crag represents remnant of quarry, and waterfall beyond was constructed by Armstrong. Mill House 50m east is 18th century on older site, now ruined. South and south-west of Banqueting Hall are St Mary's Chapel, medieval, and St Mary's Well with 18th century or early19th century stonework. 20th century developments further south include 'Pets' Corner' and Colemans Field. Survey of planting in the Dene 1894 by James Anderson, plant expert from Manchester - sycamores, Wych elm, beech, oaks, Spanish chestnuts, oriental planes, birch, elder, poplar, flowering cherry, yew, azaleas. Armorer Donkin left Jesmond Park to W.G. Armstrong when he died in 1851 (Armstrong had trained as a solicitor with Donkin in 1833, had became a partner in the business and then manager at Donkins Elswick Works). Armstrong bought Heaton Dene from Sir Matthew White Ridley. In 1883 Armstrong gave the Dene to the people of Newcastle. The dene was officially opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1884 and a Turkey Oak was planted by the Banqueting Hall, which still survives.

C19 public park, 8ha. Park founded 1876, purchased by Gateshead Corporation, at a cost of £32,000. Previously open fields to north, private estate of W. Wailes to south, who lived in Saltwell Towers (built 1871, used as hospital 1916-20, and as local museum 1933-69). Terraces and stairs to west and south of house. Boer War Memorial 1905. Drinking fountain late C19. 2 octagonal aviaries c.1880 east of Saltwell Towers. Fountain, 'Ye Salte Welle', on western boundary 150m west of Saltwell Towers. Park gates in art nouveau style at west end. Tea room pavilion with clock tower in centre of park flanked by rustic octagonal wooden shelters. Bandstand late 20th century to north (original now at Beamish). Park designed by Edward Kemp and W.B. Kemp, in rectangular area between West Park Road and East Park Road. Mainly open ground to north with tennis courts and bowling greens. Long walk with statues and densely bedded borders. Lake of 1.8ha formed 1880 in north-west quarter with wooded island. Southern area round Saltwell Towers - the Dene - undulating and generally wooded. Maze established c.1870, replanted 1983. Area of Saltwell Grove to south added 1920. Well-established rose garden. Notable displays of bedding plants {1}.

18th century landscape park, 40ha. Bradley Hall built c.1750 for John Simpson, altered 1813 by John Dobson for 1st Lord Ravensworth. Stables and outbuildings to north, late 18th century, behind high walls. Orangery, c.1760, 100m to west. Ice-house 200m to west, late 18th century, built into mound of prehistoric tumulus. Walled kitchen garden 350m to north-east, now used for flowers, and gardener's house. South lodge 600m south, North Lodge 400m north of Hall. Bradley Park is roughly rectangular in shape, with Hall in north-east quarter. Terrain slopes gently northward, down to the Tyne valley. Wooded dene runs along eastern border, with Bradley Burn flowing north towards the Tyne. Approach drive from South Lodge runs north beside Bradley Dene. Deciduous plantations to north, east and west of house. Mainly open parkland to south and west, with scattered trees. Vestigial fishponds in Park to south-west of Hall. Ha-ha extends for 150m east-west, between south front of Hall and Park. Terrace runs west of Hall, with wall 40m to west enclosing formal garden of19th century origin (planting plan by J Cook 1842), with rose beds and herbaceous borders. Small terrace with lawn and graves walk to south {1}. Designated as a Conservation Area on 6th July 1990.

In August 1995 the remains of a wooden wagonway (approximately centred on NZ 319 511) were uncovered. The waggonway was open by 1787 making it one of the earliest colliery wagonways to have been excavated in the country. Bournmoor D Pit (HER 4998) was sunk c1791 and worked on and off for the next 32 years. By 1823 the colliery was 'laid in' and the engine was pumping water from the abandoned shaft. The wagonway remains were buried under some 2m of well-compacted coal and coke dust. The two phases of wagonway excavation revealed a complex of ten tracks with at least five sets of points, a boiler house and other pithead features. The tracks were wholly constructed of wood to a gauge of 1.30m. Two tracks had been abandoned and cut off by removing a set of points within the period of wagonway use. The rails, made of oak or fir, were cut from tree boles and varied in length from 1.25m - 3.30m. Where relatively unworn they were 12-13cm square, and showed no evidence of having had doubled or top rails. All the rails were drilled and pegged to the sleepers with wooden dowels. There were two sections of guide rail, intended to prevent the chaldron wagons from straying onto the wrong track at points or drifting sideways on curved or elevated sections. The sleepers were mostly made from untrimmed sections of oak tree branch, usually between 1.7m and 2m long laid in a shallow trench and ballasted with gash stone, ash, coal and crushed brick and stone. Many of the sleepers were acutley bowed upwards, presenting an uneven track bed and casting some doubt on the practicality of the chaldron wagons having been pulled by horses walking in the centre of the track as is usually assumed. Five sets of points were identified on the excavated sections of wagonway. Two of these had sufficient timberwork surviving to clearly show that there had never been any moving parts. A groove worn in the surface of one of the 'through' or main flangeway rails showed that wagons had simply bumped over the main line onto the branch, possibly assisted by movable blocking pieces and/or levers. Close to the pithead, where most of the tracks appeared to terminate, were 'platforms' of brick. At first it was thought that these platforms were for dumping mined coal from the pithead to be shovelled into waiting wagons. It now seems more likely that the platforms were for unloading fuel for the boilerhouse at a time when the pit was laid in, possibly after 1823, when the D Pit engine seems to have been used for pumping the abandoned shaft. Of the pithead buildings, all that remained was the foundation of a boilerhouse. The first building was of stone, with ashpits for two boilers serviced from a brick-paved alleyway, and a chimney in the centre of the east side. Subsequently its capacity had been increased by a brick extension to the east containing two or more boilers also served from a brick alley. At least five of the tracks appeared to have served this building at different times, presumably bringing in fuel to the boilers. The few finds associated with the construction and use of the wagonway could only be broadly dated to the late 18th century or early C19. It is presumed however that the wagonway would have gone out of use with the adoption of standard gauge in 1840 if not before.

A tile works and clay pit were established to the north of Bournmoor Colliery (SMR 4996) around 1854. There was a three fingered spoil heap to the east of the tile works. By 1895 a firebrick works had been established on the west side of the coke works (SMR 4999) and the tile works had expanded to become a brick and tile works and a further kiln had been added. The spoil heap had grown considerably to cover the earlier clay pit. By 1940 the brick and tile works had been modified {1}. 1894-1939. The yard was situated close to the coke ovens at New Lambton. In the 1890s, field drainage pipes and common bricks were made here. Bricks marked ED were used in building colliery houses at New Herrington, Newbottle, Penshaw and Littleton. In the 1930s, the yard had an extrusion machine which made wire-cut red bricks. Soft clay was hand-dug from a clay pit next to the yard. The bricks were burned in seven Newcastle kilns and two rectangular downdraught kilns. The yard closed in 1940 and reopened in 1946, but finally closed in 1947.