This Rope Walk is shown of the Eye Plan around the south western edge of the Town Moor, but is not shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map of the area. Documentary evidence suggests that it may have belonged to a Mr. Burlington.
SITEASS
Ropes were made by hand in ropewalks in standard lengths of 120 fathoms (720 feet). The ropewalk had to be straight and around 1320 feet long. The simple equipment consisted of two frames, one at each end of the ropewalk. The stationary frame (jack) had hooks on it which were revolved by a handle. Yarn was attached to each hook and to the other frame (traveller) which was mounted on a trolley. The rope maker held a circular hardwood block (top) between the strands near the traveller. The top had three grooves with a strand slotted into each. He walked slowly towards the jack pushing the top along and the rope formed itself behind the top. Before the invention of synthetic fibres, ropes were made from cotton, flax, hemp, jute, coir, manila and sisal. Hemp ropes were used in colleries until about 1840 when Andrew Smith patented the iron stranded wire rope. Rope making began to be mechanised in the late C18 (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Rope Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Shown of the Eye Plan around the south western edge of the Town Moor not shown on the 1st Edition OS mapping. May have belonged to Mr. Burlington.
Site Name
Sunderland, Rope Walk
Site Type: Specific
Ropewalk
HER Number
4447
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4447 >> J. Rain, 1785, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth
YEAR1
1999
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
RLF
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
04
District
Sunderland
Easting
440500
EASTING2
4066
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
557530
NORTHING2
5774
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
A programme of planned improvements to Sunderland harbour began after the River Wear Commissioners were formed and in 1718 asked James Fawcett to survey the harbour. The first construction project was a pier on the south bank of the river. It has been suggested (by Skempton) that the amount spent by the commissioners during 1719-1720 indicates the construction of a substantial quay wall running about 250 feet south-west to the Custom's House.
Site Type: Broad
Landing Point
SITEDESC
A programme of planned improvements to Sunderland harbour began after the River Wear Commissioners were formed and in 1718 asked James Fawcett to survey the harbour. The first construction project was for a pier on the south bank of the river. Skempton interprets the amount spent by the commissioners during 1719-1720 as representing the building of the substantial quay wall running about 250 ft south - west to the Custom's House.
Site Name
C18 Quay Wall
Site Type: Specific
Quay
HER Number
4446
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4446 >> A.W. Skempton, 1975, The Engineers of Sunderland Harbour, Industrial Archaeoogical Review, Vol. 1 no. 2, p 105-125
YEAR1
1999
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
RLF
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
04
District
Sunderland
Easting
440000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Sunderland
Description
The first grant to build a pier at Sunderland was in 1669 when Charles II allowed Edward Andrew the right to charge tonnage on vessels entering the harbour, to build a pier and lighthouses, to control the casting of ballast and to keep the harbour clear of shoals and sand-banks. The site of this pier has not been located.
Site Type: Broad
Landing Point
SITEDESC
The first grant to build a pier was in 1669 when Charles II allowed Edward Andrew the right to charge tonnage on vessels entering the harbour, to build a pier and lighthouses, to control the casting of ballast and to keep the harbour clear of shoals and sand-banks. The site of this pier has not been located.
Site Name
Sunderland, site of C17 Pier
Site Type: Specific
Pier
HER Number
4445
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4445 >> G. McCombie, 1997, The Development of Sunderland Town Moor, p 14
YEAR1
1999
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
RLF
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
04
District
Sunderland
Easting
440000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Sunderland
Description
A staith for the loading and unloading of coals was constructed on a parcel of waste land "lying beneath Houldeape from the great Cove east to the great Hinginge Scarr west and extending from the lowest part of the bank 24 yards into the channel of the Wear". The land was granted to John Lord Lumley in 1600. This precise location of this staith is unknown.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
A staith was constructed on a parcel of waste land "lying beneath Houldeape from the great Cove east to the great Hinginge Scarr west and extending from the lowest part of the bank 24 yards into the channel of the Wear" and granted to John Lord Lumley in 1600 for a staith for the loading and unloading of coals. This staith has not been specifically located.
Site Name
Sunderland, Coal Staith
Site Type: Specific
Staith
HER Number
4444
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4444 >> Mackenzie & Ross, 1834, Historical...View of the County Palatinate of Durham, p 273
YEAR1
1999
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
RLF
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
440220
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556890
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
Two dye houses are shown on Rain's Eye Plan, but must have been demolished by 1826 when Wood surveyed the town.
Site Type: Broad
Textile Industry Site
SITEDESC
Two dye houses are shown on Rain's Eye Plan and must have been demolished by 1826 when Woods surveyed the town.
Site Name
Sunderland, Dye House
Site Type: Specific
Dye House
HER Number
4443
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4443 >> J. Rain, 1785, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth
YEAR1
1999
YEAR2
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
RLF
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
439250
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
556730
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
Green Terrace has a long association with tanning, probably due to the fact that a burn provided this area with a reliable water supply.. A tannery is mentioned in the Halmote Court Records in 1706. It survived as Clark’s Tannery until 1860, when it was taken over by Caleb Richardson who established a steam-powered flour mill on the site.
SITEASS
Tanning is the conversion of animal hides and skins into leather by soaking them in a liquid containing tannin. Tanning was carried out in tanyards - open sided buildings with many large pits in which the hides were treated. Hair and wool was cleaned by soaking the hides in milk of lime. The pelts were then soaked in tannin (a vegetable material found in the bark of birch, elm, hemlock, larch, oak , spruce and willow). The bark is ground to a powder in a bark mill, then soaked in water for six to eight weeks to extract the tannic acid (leaching). The pelts were soaked for up to ten months in 'layer pits' containing tannin of different strength, starting with the weakest solution first, with pieces of oak bark between each pelt. After soaking, the pelts, now leather were then hand scrubbed and rolled with a weighted hand roller. In C19 wood-lined tanning drums were introduced to replace hand scrubbing. At the end of the century chromium was used to produce chrome leathers. The leather could be dyed by a currier (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Leather Industry Site
SITEDESC
Green Terrace has a long association with tanning probably due to the fact that this area was close to a water supply from the burn. A tannery is mentioned in the Halmote Court Records in 1706. It survived as Clarks Tannery until 1860 - when it was taken over by Caleb Richardson who established a steam powered flour mill on the site. A tannery was set up in 1794 north of Clark's tan yard.
Site Name
Clark's Tannery
Site Type: Specific
Tannery
HER Number
4442
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4442 >> J. Rain, 1785, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth
Clay, Miller & Milburn, 1984, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth, p 39
C.B. Walker, 1977, The East End of Sunderland, Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol. 27, p 40
J.W.Corder, 1929, Bishopwearmouth Village in 1790, Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol. 19, p 48
YEAR1
1999
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
RLF
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
439800
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557400
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
Before the construction of the bridges, the Pann’s Ferry boat for cattle and horses was the only way to cross the river at this point. On the north side the landing was just below Beamish Drop and on the south side, just below the site of the later Fenwick's glass house (HER ref. 4409), on "Molly Linton's Quay". The road to the Pann’s ferry and the ferry itself are shown on Rain’s Eye Plan.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
Before the bridges, the Panns Ferry was a boat for cattle and horses; on the north side the landing was just below Beamish Drop and on the south side the landing was just below the site of the later Fenwick's glass house (SMR 4409), on "Molly Linton's Quay". The road to the Panns ferry and the ferry itself are shown on the Eye Plan.
Site Name
Panns Ferry
Site Type: Specific
Ferry Crossing
HER Number
4441
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4441 >> J. Rain, 1785, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth
J.T. Middlemiss, 1902, Sunderland Ferry, Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol. 3 p 1
YEAR1
1999
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
RLF
DAY1
12
District
Sunderland
Easting
438000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
This windmill appears on Rain's Eye Plan (also see HER ref. 4439).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
second windmill on Hyton Road on Rain's Eye Plan
Site Name
Windmill, Hylton Road
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
HER Number
4440
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4440 >> J. Rain, 1785, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth
YEAR1
1999
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
RLF
DAY1
12
District
Sunderland
Easting
438000
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
05
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
This windmill appears on Rain's Eye Plan (also see HER ref. 4440).
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
On Rain's Eye Plan
Site Name
Windmill, Hylton Road
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
HER Number
4439
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4439 >> J. Rain, 1785, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth
YEAR1
1999
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
RLF
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
DAY2
03
District
Sunderland
Easting
440160
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
05
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557210
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
This post mill was built on the western fringe of Sunderland.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
Built on the western fringe of Sunderland.
Site Name
Covent Garden Post Mill
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
HER Number
4438
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4438 >> J. Rain, 1785, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth
Clay, Miller & Milburn, 1984, An Eye Plan of Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth, p 63