English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
CONDITION
Good
DAY1
27
DAY2
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
426320
EASTING2
2643
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
564370
NORTHING2
6420
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ouseburn
Description
The river wall as seen today is shown on Oliver's map of 1838. The walls were probably built in the early 1800s, at which time the ground on the west bank of the Ouseburn sloped downwards from Ouse Street with only a narrow level area behind the river wall. The area along the river walls was further developed by 1856 with the addition of buildings along its length. In the late 19th century most of the earlier buildings built directly off the river wall were demolished and the ground level across the site was increased by 0.75-1.0 metres. The increase in ground levels was matched by an increase in the height of the river wall. A distinctive band of sandstone, and in some areas brickwork, can be seen along the length of the wall between Glasshouse Bridge and Ouseburn Bridge. The original ground level can be seen on the length of wall below Glasshouse Bridge. Since the final construction of the river wall, several items of remedial work have been carried out, including the re-building of brickwork copings and the introduction of reinforced concrete render over one section of wall. Despite these alterations, the river wall has remained essentially unaltered since the late 19th century. The wall is constructed mostly of cut stone and appears to be built off a series of timber piles. At ground level the wall is around 0.7 metres thick and probably between 1.5-2 metres wide at the base. Several pipes discharge into the Ouseburn through the wall, though some have been blocked up. LOCAL LIST
SITEASS
In general the wall appears sound with few areas of concern. There are however, numerous areas of minor bulging and stepping out of stone courses, particularly in the lower wall. This is probably due to the effect of past construction and demolition of buildings on and behind the wall and tidal action. At several locations along the wall, timber pile heads and bridging structures were visible at the base of the wall. These are at risk of rotting which would eventually effect the stability of the wall. There are vertical cracks in various parts of the wall and widening of stonework joints. Along most of the wall the original mortar joints have been washed out. The wall is covered with green algae. Vegetation is growing out of open joints in the wall {1}. An older section of river wall with docking area, built of fine dressed ashlar blocks, still standing to 1.5m high, with an integral mooring ring was recorded behind the walls which now front onto the burn, adjacent to the City Farm site in January 2004 during the installation of a new footbridge. The Ouseburn gets flooded by the Tyne, at which time it is navigable by small boats, but it was not navigable north of the Lead Works {pers comm Mike Greatbatch, Ouseburn Heritage Officer}.
Site Type: Broad
Water Regulation Installation
SITEDESC
The river wall as seen today is shown on Oliver's map of 1838. The walls were probably built in the early 1800s - the first written reference to them appears to be an application to the Common Council in the 1830s to dredge the burn and build walls. At this time the ground on the west bank of the Ouseburn sloped downwards from Ouse Street with only a narrow level area behind the river wall. A section of older stonework at the base of the wall at circa NZ 263 642 appears to relate to an earlier wall associated with a corn mill shown on Hutton's map of 1770. The area along the river walls was further developed by 1856 with the additional of buildings along its length. In the late19th century most of the earlier buildings built directly off the river wall were demolished and the ground level across the site was increased by 750-1000mm. The increase in ground levels was matched by an increase in the height of the river wall. A distinctive band of sandstone, and in some areas brickwork, can be seen along the length of the wall between Glasshouse Bridge and Ouseburn Bridge. The original ground level can be seen on the length of wall below Glasshouse Bridge. Since the final construction of the river wall, several items of remedial work have been carried out. These include the re-building of brickwork copings and the introduction of reinforced concrete render over one section of wall. Despite these alterations, the river wall has remained essentially unaltered since the late C19. The wall is constructed mostly of cut stone and appears to be built off a series of timber piles. It probably varies in thickness with depth. At ground level the wall is around 700mm thick and probably between 1.5-2m wide at the base. Several discharge pipes discharge into the Ouseburn through the wall. Some of these pipes have been blocked up {1}. A photographic recording of the walls in 2011 noted features generally relating to the 19th and early 20th century land use, such as riverside steps, culvert and mooring rings on the east bank adjacent to the former Heaney garage (formerly a glassworks and pottery). {4}
Site Name
Ouseburn River Walls
Site Type: Specific
Flood Defences
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
4688
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4688 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study; T. Oliver, 1838, Map of Newcastle and Gateshead; The Archaeological Practice 2011, Ouseburn River Walls, Historic Building Recording; Entc UK Ltd. 2008, Ouseburn Barrage, Historic Buildings Recording; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2011, Former Heaney Garage Site, Ouseburn, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Watching Brief; ASUD, 2018, Steenberg's Yard, Ouse St - Building Recording
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2014
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
426380
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564280
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Ouseburn
Description
This Corn Mill is shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map {2}.
Site Name
Ouseburn, Confectionary Works
Site Type: Specific
Confectionery Works
HER Number
4687
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4687 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1896
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
426380
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564280
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Ouseburn
Description
This Corn Mill is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map {2}.
Site Name
Ouseburn, Corn Mill
Site Type: Specific
Corn Mill
HER Number
4686
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4686 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1856
YEAR1
2002
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
11743
DAY1
27
DAY2
30
District
Newcastle
Easting
426330
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564300
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Ouseburn
Description
The cattle sanatorium buildings were constructed in the late 1800s, and opened in 1876-77 to hold cattle and sheep imported into Newcastle (mostly from Scandinavia) for temporary quarantine. Newcastle was a centre for imported meat. The animals were held here until they were inspected for disease and declared fit to eat. The complex could hold up to 3000 sheep and 600 cattle. The animals were then sent either to the cattle market or to the abbatoir on Lime Street. The complex is shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map map. The site was sublet in the early 1900s, superceeded by a sanatorium at St Lawrence . By 1941 the site was occupied by an oil works (HER 11743), warehouse (HER 11744) and Maynards toffee factory (HER5472). It is now commonly known as Lower Steenberg's Yard, after the hauliers who eventually took the site over for storage and wagons. The site became derelict in the late 1980s. Further deterioration has occurred in the early 1990s due to vandalism, fire and theft. The Cattle Sanatorium was demolished in 2005 but was recorded beforehand.Remains of the demolished Cattle Sanatorium were recorded during a building recording in 2018.
SITEASS
A brick sewer survives in the middle of the site. It measures 1200mm deep and 875mm wide. The sewer probably dates to the same time as the cattle sanitorium, late C19. The cattle sanitorium site comprises of a number of separate buildings. The northernmost structure is a late C19 two storey warehouse with pitched slate roof. Originally L-shaped in plan. The external walls consist of a series of uniform brickwork piers connected by shallow brick arches. The southernmost building is a 2 storey warehouse, also late C19, with single storey central area, U-shaped in plan. Part of the Victoria Tunnel was demolished when this building was built. It is built up against Glass House Bridge and against the Ouse Street retaining wall. Most of the original pitched roof was destroyed by fire. The external walls consist of a series of brickwork piers with brick infill panels with arches above window and door openings. There is also a large single storey warehouse with masonry support walls on the north west side of the site and a small free-standing brick clad warehouse on the south east side. In recent years the buildings in Lower Steenberg's Yard were occupied by Maynards Toffee Factory. A tall brick chimney survives. A retaining wall forms part of the present western boundary of the site. The wall was introduced to transform a sloping site adjacent to the Ouseburn into a relatively flat site suitable for commercial use. The wall was constructed in two phases - the earliest being a stone retaining wall dating to C18. The remains of a stone cottage marks the wall's original limit. The second stage comprised of two late C19 concrete walls, part of the infrastructure for the cattle sanitorium development. The original stone wall is 4.8m high and 1.3-1.5m thick. Part of the wall has a brickwork skin with pier and arch thickenings. Wrought iron girders are built into the wall, once supporting a concrete roof. One length of wall is supported by concrete buttresses. The sandstone wall is in good condition, although the demolition of a building against it has caused damage, represented by bulging and cracking {1}.The buildings are in poor condition and a significant amount of remedial work would be required for their restoration. The retaining walls are in good condition, although cracking was evident in the north end. The cattle sanatorium building was archaeology recorded in 2005 prior to demolition for safety reasons. It is due to be rebuilt.
Site Type: Broad
Agricultural Building
SITEDESC
The cattle sanatorium buildings were constructed in the late 1800s, and opened in 1876-77 to hold cattle and sheep imported into Newcastle (mostly from Scandinavia) for temporary quarantine. Newcastle was a centre for imported meat. The animals were held here until they were inspected for disease and declared fit to eat. The complex could hold up to 3000 sheep and 600 cattle. The animals were then sent either to the cattle market or to the abattoir on Lime Street. The complex is shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map. The site was sublet in the early 1900s, superseded by a sanatorium at St Lawrence . By 1941 the site was occupied by an oil works (HER 11743), warehouse (HER 11744) and Maynard's toffee factory (HER5472). It is now commonly known as Lower Steenberg's Yard, after the hauliers who eventually took the site over for storage and wagons. The site became derelict in the late 1980s. Further deterioration has occurred in the early 1990s due to vandalism, fire and theft. The Cattle Sanatorium was demolished in 2005 but was recorded beforehand. Remains of the demolished Cattle Sanatorium were recorded during a building recording in 2018.
Site Name
Lower Steenberg's Yard, Cattle Sanatorium
Site Type: Specific
Animal Shed
HER Number
4685
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 4685 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1896;
Patrick Parsons Ltd, 2002, Cattle Sanatorium, Structural Assessment; B. Johnson and R. Hewitt, Archaeology Incorporated, 2005, Cattle Sanatorium, Lower Steenberg's Yard, Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne - Historic Building Recording; Brian Nichol, 2002, Steenberg's Lower Yard The Early Years; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2018. Lower Steenberg's Yard, Ouse Street, Newcastle upon Tyne archaeological building recording, report 4919, HER4834
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2008
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
426450
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564150
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Ouseburn
Description
A stone bridge over the Ouseburn referred to as 'Glass House Bridge' is shown on Hutton's map of Newcastle, 1770. It is thought to have been built in 1609, and was rebuilt three times between 1619 and 1908 when it was finally demolished as the quayside was extended. It had already been superceded by the high level Glasshouse Bridge which lies some 50 metres to the north. The name 'Glasshouse' came from the numerous glass-making houses which were established on the east side of the Ouseburn mouth in the 17th and 18th centuries. According to Bourne it was built by Thomas Wrangham.
Site Type: Broad
Bridge
SITEDESC
A stone bridge over the Ouseburn referred to as 'Glass House Bridge' on Hutton's map of 1770. Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The first bridge was wooden and is thought to have been built in 1609. Would have only been suitable for packhorses. It was rebuilt in stone in 1669 and again in 1729. The bridge was finally demolished in 1908 when the quayside was extended. It had already been superseded by the high level New Glasshouse Bridge which lies some 50m to the north, linking City Road with Walker Road. This was built in 1878. The name 'Glasshouse' came from the numerous glass-making houses which were established on the east side of the Ouseburn mouth in the C17 and 18th century. According to Bourne it was built by Thomas Wrangham.
Site Name
Glasshouse Bridge
Site Type: Specific
Bridge
HER Number
4684
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4684 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
Hutton, 1770, Map of Newcastle
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1856
R.W. Rennison, 2002, Three Overlooked Bridges in Newcastle, Archaologia Aeliana, Series 5, Volume XXX, pp 163-171
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
426510
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564100
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Stuart 1603 to 1714
Place
Byker
Description
A Joshua Middleton owned a St. Lawrence Bottle House in circa 1697. In 1736 Bourne states that the works were held on lease by Mrs Middleton, and that one of the proprietors was Richard Ridley. This is the first mention of the Ridleys as glass-makers, but they gradually acquired a large interest in the window and bottle glass trade (see HER ref. 5078). Sir Matthew Ridley worked the St. Lawrence Bottle House in 1758 and in 1769. In 1790 Sir Matthew White Ridley and Hewitson are mentioned as one of the principal firms of bottle makers in Newcastle. Mr Middleton Hewitson was principal agent of "the bottle glasshouses near the town" in 1766. In 1795 Ridley and Hewitson were making crown and broad glass on the North Shore. St Lawrence Bottleworks were still in existence in 1907 but by 1908 the roof had been stripped ready for demolition.
Site Type: Broad
Glassmaking Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map {2}. A Joshua Middleton owned a St. Lawrence Bottle House in circa 1697 - is this the same site?? In 1736 Bourne states that the works were held on lease by Mrs Middleton, and that one of the proprietors was Richard Ridley. This is the first mention of the Ridleys as glass-makers, but they gradually acquired a large interest in the window and bottle glass trade (see SMR 5078). Sir Matthew Ridley worked the St. Lawrence Bottle House in 1758 and in 1769. In 1790 Sir Matthew White Ridley and Hewitson are mentioned as one of the principal firms of bottle makers in Newcastle. Mr Middleton Hewitson was principal agent of "the bottle glasshouses near the town" in 1766. In 1795 Ridley and Hewitson were making crown and broad glass on the North Shore {3}. In the nineteenth century Robert Todd & Co are listed at the North Shore Bottle Works. St Lawrence Bottleworks were still in existence in 1907 but by 1908 the roof had been stripped ready for demolition. The chimney was demolished in 1909.
Site Name
St Lawrence Bottle Manufactory
Site Type: Specific
Bottle Works
HER Number
4683
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4683 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1856
F. Buckley, Glasshouses on the Tyne in the Eighteenth Century, Journal of the Society of Glass Technology, p27-29
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
426480
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564130
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
The site of this Firebrick Manufactory at Byker is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map {2}.
Site Name
Byker, firebrick manufactory
Site Type: Specific
Fire Clay Works
HER Number
4682
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4682 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1856
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
426490
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564150
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
The site of this Iron Foundry at Byker is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map {2}.
Site Name
Byker, Iron Foundry
Site Type: Specific
Iron Foundry
HER Number
4681
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4681 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1856
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
426350
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564250
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ouseburn
Description
A corn mill is shown on Hutton's map of 1770. It was built before the surviving river walls, but it is likely that the mill would have had a small river wall to allow the loading of cargo by boat. An area of random stonework survives at the base of the existing river wall on the site of the corn mill. This stonework may have been linked to the mill and so could pre-date the rest of the river wall. The corn mill is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area.
Site Type: Broad
Food and Drink Industry Site
SITEDESC
A corn mill is shown on Hutton's map of 1770. It was built before the surviving river walls, but it is likely that the mill would have had a small river wall to allow the loading of cargo by boat. An area of random stonework survives at the base of the existing river wall on the site of the corn mill. This stonework may have been linked to the mill and so could pre-date the rest of the river wall {2}. The corn mill is shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map {1}.
Site Name
Ouseburn, Corn Mill
Site Type: Specific
Corn Mill
HER Number
4680
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4680 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
Hutton 1770 Map of Newcastle
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1856
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
27
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
426410
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564200
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
The site of this Firebrick Manufactory is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of the area.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map {2}. The owners and operators are not recorded in trade directories. Excavation in 2010 did not show any meaningful structures.
Site Name
Ouseburn, firebrick manufactory
Site Type: Specific
Fire Clay Works
HER Number
4679
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4679 >> Ove Arup & Partners, 1998, Lower Steenberg's Yard - Byker, Engineering Study
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1856; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2010, Maynard's Toffee Factory, Ouseburn, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Evaluation
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2014