When the Barber-Surgeons Hall at Manors (HER ref. 498) was demolished in 1851 for the building of the railway, the railway company made amends by building a new hall at the top of Victoria Street, Westmorland Road, where it still stands. The building is by John Dobson, built in sandstone ashlar with long horizontal quoins, with three central bays recessed and arcaded. DE PRESCENTIA DEI is inscribed around central window head. The façade of the building is Palladian in style. In 1862 the building was bought from the Barber-Surgeons and conveyed to St Paul's Church for use as a school. In 1863 it became St. Paul's Church of England School. In 1934 brick classrooms were built around the hall. The hall still survives, but is in rather poor condition. LISTED GRADE 2
SITEASS
Despite its condition, the Barber Surgeons' Hall stands out as one of the most interesting buildings in Summerhill Conservation Area. A small classical building with strong symmetry and palatial style. By the late 1800s it had been extended and altered to become St. Paul's Church School. It is now in private ownership and used for storage. The stonework is generally sound but the immediate impression is not good, compounded by its setting which has been cropped and sanitised on all sides - the steel bulk of St. Paul's Primary School squeezes tight against the west boundary, the abstract terracing to the north has overlaid the historical layout, and its principal view has been diluted by the demolition of one side of Victoria Street and an orange brick wall directly in front. The restoration and re0use of the Barber Surgeons' Hall is an opportunity to dramatically enhance the character and appearance of the CA. Its loss through neglect and decay would significantly deplete the CA's historic integrity {CA Character Statement}.
Site Type: Broad
Meeting Hall
SITEDESC
When the Barber-Surgeons Hall at Manors (HER 498) was demolished in 1851 for the building of the railway, the railway company made amends by building a new hall at the top of Victoria Street, Westmorland Road, where it still stands today. Building by Dobson. Foundation stone laid 6th Feb 1851 by Dr Charles Thorp. In 1862 the building was conveyed to St Paul's Church for use as a school. In 1863 it became St. Paul's Church of England School. The façade of the building is Palladian in style. Significant alteration in 1895, 1907 and 1933-34. In 1934 brick classrooms were built around the hall resulting in the loss of some of the original Dobson ranges. Sandstone ashlar with long horizontal quoins. Sash windows with glazing bars. 3 central bays recessed and arcaded. DE PRESCENTIA DEI inscribed around central window head. Staff of Aesculapius in spandrels. High gambrel-shaped lantern for throwing light on dissecting table in demonstration room. Recorded in 2015 ahead of alteration.
Site Name
Barber-Surgeons Hall, Houston Street
Site Type: Specific
Guildhall
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
4648
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 4648 >> W. Bulmer and Prof. N. Hodgson, 1958, The Barber-Surgeons Company of Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XXXVI (1958), p 73-80
Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special … Interest, 11/317
T. Faulkner & A. Greg, 2001, John Dobson - Architect of the North East, p 113-114; T. Faulkner and A. Greg, 1987, John Dobson Newcastle Architect 1787-1865, pp 89-90; Newcastle City Council, 2001, Summerhill Conservation Area Character Statement, p 41; Solstice Heritage, 2015, Barber Surgeon's Hall, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Building Recording; Nicholson Nairn Architects, 2014, Barber Surgeon's Hall, Houston Street, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Building Recording
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2015
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
437200
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569400
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Tynemouth
Description
A tunnel was said to have been discovered in the cliffs overlooking Short Sands, circa 1930, during work by H.M Office of Works. An "embrasure" was apparently seen, formed by two walls, one parallel to the cliff, the other projecting from it. The walls were reportedly 9 feet thick. A tunnel was found to open out in the same place. The tunnel opening was built of "chamfered and dressed stone", measuring 4 feet 9 inches high and 2 feet 9 inches wide. Opposite the tunnel was a "square passageway" which was passable for 6 feet before being blocked by earth. The floor of the "embrasure" was said to be divided into compartments or "cells". Tradition says that a hermit once lived in these caves. William Sidney-Gibson apparently mentioned subterranean passages to the Castle in his book of 1861, and said that they were used in the Civil War to deliver ammunition and provisions. The authenticity and present state of these reported discoveries is not known.
SITEASS
Are there really tunnels here? Further investigation required.
Site Type: Broad
Tunnel
SITEDESC
A tunnel was discovered in the cliffs overlooking Short Sands circa 1930 during work by the H.M Office of Works. An "embrasure" was apparently seen, formed by two walls, one parallel to the cliff, the other projecting from it. The walls were 9ft thick. A tunnel was found to open out in the same place. The tunnel opening was built of "chamfered and dressed stone", measuring 4ft 9" high and 2ft 9" wide. Opposite the tunnel was a "square passageway" which was passable for 6ft before being blocked by earth. The floor of the "embrasure" was supposedly divided into compartments or "cells". Tradition says that a hermit once lived in these caves. William Sidney-Gibson apparently mentioned subterranean passages to the Castle in his book of 1861, and said that they were used in the Civil War to deliver ammunition and provisions {1}.
Site Name
Short Sands Cliffs, tunnel
Site Type: Specific
Tunnel
HER Number
4647
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4647 >> Shields Daily News, 1930, Wednesday August 27 1930
W. Sidney-Gibson, 1861, Guide to Tynemouth
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436900
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569400
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Tynemouth
Description
A report in the Evening News on Friday, March 25, 1949 told of a tunnel found in the back yard of No. 33 Front Street, Tynemouth. It was reported that three steps led down at either end of the 25 feet long, 4 feet high tunnel, which had been repaired with concrete and zinc sheeting. At one end was a 7 feet deep sump with a chamber beyond, and drainage gulleys ran along each side. The age and function of this feature is unknown.
SITEASS
Age and function of this feature is unknown.
Site Type: Broad
Tunnel
SITEDESC
A report in the Evening News on Friday March 25 1949, of a tunnel found in the back yard of No. 33 Front Street, Tynemouth. Three steps led down at either end of the 25ft long and 4ft high tunnel. It had been repaired with concrete and zinc sheeting. At one end was a 7ft deep sump with a chamber beyond. Drainage gullies ran along each side {1}.
Site Name
33 Front Street, tunnel
Site Type: Specific
Tunnel
HER Number
4646
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4646 >> Evening News, 1949, Two, breaking concrete, find 'secret' tunnel, Friday March 25, 1949
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
21
DAY2
10
District
Gateshead
Easting
418310
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558410
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gibside
Description
Cut Thorn Farm was once the Home Farm of the Gibside Estate. It became the Home Farm in the 1790s when John Bowes improved it with new buildings, including a cattle fold, stables and cow house. A rental agreement for the farm in 1710 appears to be the earliest firm evidence for the property, along with a reference of 1706. The buildings are shown on an estate map of 1767. By 1803 a new farmhouse and other buildings had been added. The farm cottages are the oldest survivng components of the farm, probably shown on the map of 1767. These cottages were recorded by the Traditional Architecture Group in 1996 prior to alterations and sale of the site to the National Trust in 1997. The block of farm cottages were found to be single-storey, of roughly dressed stone with sleeping areas in the roofspace. The southern, residential half of the building appeared to be earlier, with the northern half for the accomodation of animals added later. Thatch may have preceded the red pantile roofing. There was an elaborate kitchen range in one room. A cattle fold or byre partially survived to the west of the farm.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Cut Thorn Farm was once the Home Farm of the Gibside Estate. It became the Home Farm in the 1790s when John Bowes improved it with new buildings including a cattle fold, stables and cow house. A rental agreement for the farm in 1710 appears to be the earliest firm evidence for the property, along with a reference of 1706. The buildings are shown on an estate map of 1767. By 1803 a new farmhouse and other buildings had been added. The farm cottages are the oldest surviving components of the farm, probably shown on the map of 1767. These cottages were recorded by the Traditional Architecture Group in 1996 prior to alterations and sale of the site to the National Trust in 1997. The block of farm cottages were found to be a single-storey block of roughly dressed stone with sleeping areas in the roofspace. The southern residential half of the building appeared to be earlier, with the northern half for the accommodation of animals added later. Thatch may have preceded the red pantiles. There was an elaborate kitchen range in one room. A cattle fold or byre partially survived to the west of the farm {1}.
Site Name
Gibside Estate, Cut Thorn Farm
Site Type: Specific
Manor Farm
SITE_STAT
Register of Parks and Gardens Grade II*
HER Number
4645
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 4645 >> Traditional Architecture Group M. & R. Gould, 1998, Cutthorn Farm Cottages, Gibside Estate, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear Northumbrian Building Studies, number 2; Northern Counties Archaeological Services, Cut Thorn Farm, Gibside Estate, Tyne and Wear, Archaeological Watching Brief
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2014
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
DAY2
13
District
Newcastle
Easting
424550
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564580
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
This 18th century house of two storeys is of dark red brick and has a slate roof, a 19th century replacement for the original pantiles. The south elevation wall is in poor quality timber frame, nogged with brick and plastered externally. The original west gable was removed in the 19th century when the building was converted for commercial purposes. In the last quarter of the 18th century another house was added along the east boundary of the site, forming the existing L-shape plan. Some early fireplaces and original 18th century sash windows with internal shutters survive in both buildings. The original staircase in the second house also survives. At some later date the two houses were linked by doors on each floor. The buildings originally opened onto gardens and are examples of the kind of modest town house lived in by relatively prosperous tradesmen and their families, who may have worked the market gardens behind Percy Street and Barras Bridge. This structure was recorded by Tyne and Wear Museums before demolition in 2002 on safety grounds.
SITEASS
Recorded by Tyne and Wear Museums before demolition. Sandstone walls were recorded, which may represent an earlier structure than the documented brick dwelling of c1770, or they may have been the boundary of the market garden which once occupied the site of No. 16. Rare survival of an C18 garden house.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
18th century house of two storeys. No. 16 is shown on Huttons map of 1770. By 1792 a second house, No. 14 had been built onto the existing one. The two houses had become one property by the mid C19. The original roof would have been of pantiles but it had been replaced by19th century slates. The house is of dark red brick. The south elevation wall is in poor quality timber frame, nogged with brick and plastered externally. The original west gable was removed in 19th century when the building was converted for commercial purposes. In the last quarter of the 18th century another house was added along the east boundary of the site forming the existing L-shape plan. Some original 18th century sash windows survive in both buildings with internal shutters. The original staircase in the second house survives. At some later date the two houses were linked by doors on each floor. Some early fireplaces survive. The buildings originally opened on to gardens. They demonstrate the kind of modest town house lived in by relatively substantial tradesmen and their families who worked the nurseries/market gardens behind Percy Street and Barras Bridge {1}. By 1889 the property had been acquired by John Hewitson, slate merchant of Bath Lane. At the time of demolition, their name was still visible on the exterior of the buildings. They added a slate shed, store and office. John Hewitson continued to own the property until at least 1967. In 1955-6 the building was extended with a second storey over the gantry to create additional offices and a second staircase was added. The building was occupied by a furniture restorer in the 1980s. Empty since 1990. Demolished for safety reasons 2001. Replaced by Soho Bar.
Site Name
16 Leazes Park Road
Site Type: Specific
Town House
HER Number
4644
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4644 >> Traditional Architecture Group, 1990, 16 Leazes Park Road (formerly Albion Street), Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumbrian Building Studies, number one
G. Stobbs & R. Young, 2002, Tyne and Wear Museums, 14-16 Leazes Park Road, History and Survey; Newcastle City Council, 2000, Leazes Conservation Area Character Statement, page 29;
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2004
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
District
Newcastle
Easting
425030
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564120
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newcastle
Description
A brick-lined well was revealed in the basement, during renovation work to Nos. 2-12 Grey Street in 2002. The well is approximately 1.3 metres in diameter. It is lined with red brick and there are holes in the side of the well to enable access down into the structure. A stone slab could be seen set into the side of the well, 0.5 metres from the top. The bottom of the well was not found, but a depth of 3.2 metres was recorded to the present water line. The current buildings date from early 19th century to 20th century, and it is assumed that the well is earlier. A late 18th century or early 19th century date is suggested.
SITEASS
The developer is considering covering the well with glass so that it can still be seen and will form a feature of the new development. This depends on safety requirements.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
A brick-lined well was revealed in the basement, during renovation work to Nos. 2-12 Grey Street in 2002. The well is approximately 1.3m in diameter. It is lined with red brick and there are holes in the side of the well to enable access down into the structure. A stone slab could be seen set into the side of the well, half a metre from the top. The bottom of the well was not found. It was 3.2m to present water line. The builders on the site had found a lead pipe in the bottom of the well. The current buildings date from early19th century to C20, and it is assumed that the well is earlier. A late 18th century or early19th century date is suggested {1}.
Site Name
2-12 Grey Street, brick-lined well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
4643
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4643 >> Pers. Comm. J. Morrison, 2002
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
District
Sunderland
Easting
433690
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
551410
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newbottle
Description
Low Pottery was in production before 1728. Ball suggests that the Newbottle Potteries were founded in 1700 and 1740 {3}. There were two potteries at Newbottle, the other was High Pottery (HER 4641). Andrew Fletcher, a local historian from Houghton-le-Spring, is researching the Newbottle Potteries. A man called Ralph Watson of Newbottle Tile Kilns died there on 10th August 1728.The Watson family had leased Newbottle mill since 1668. The tile kilns may have been the same site as Low Pottery Yard. Henry Wilson may have taken over at that time. In 1760 Henry Wilson Esq. is listed as paying 8/10d for his tile kilns. Mr Thomas Byers paid 4/4d for his pot houses. In 1764 the Newbottle Pottery was definitely being run by the Wilson family. An order for a house at Elemore, signed by Henry Wilson, consisted of a w. flint teapot, a large punch bowl, 2 large pipkins (a small earthware pot or pan), 12 small gulpots, 4 chamber pots, 6 pudding pots and 2 trays. Henry Wilson's will is dated 30th September 1761 and he died in 1765. An advert in the Newcastle Courant on 18th and 25th May 1765 advertised the pottery to be let. 'Well fitted with all conveniences, workmen, a large stock of clay, flints and other material for the making of both white and brown ware. A farm may be let with it and houses, cart etc sold'. An order of pottery from Thomas Byers on 23 April 1764 included dishes, a fish drainer, chamber pots, flower jars, sauce boats and dessert plates. From 20th September 1779 Henry Scott & Co. ran the Newbottle Pottery. Orders included a teapot and punch bowl of 'Tally Ho' design, which may have depicted a fox hunting scene. Henry Scott died in 1801. Between 1797 and 1815 church records and census returns list some 200 pottery workers in the Newbottle and Houghton area. Robert Fairbairns & Co were running Newbottle Pottery from 1825. In 1836 a fire broke out at Newbottle Pottery. The tithe plan of 1839 shows the Newbottle Tile Sheds in a field called Cow Gap. The area of the Low Pottery is waste ground and gardens. Pottery waste was dug up during road widening in 1968 at Pottery Yard {2}. Sunderland Museum has two plates made at Newbottle on display. They are transfer-printed in blue willow pattern with Newbottle on the reverse. 6 inches in diameter.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Low Pottery was in production before 1728. Ball suggests that the Newbottle Potteries were founded in 1700 and 1740 {3}. There were two potteries at Newbottle, the other was High Pottery (HER 4641). Andrew Fletcher, a local historian from Houghton-le-Spring, is researching the Newbottle Potteries. A man called Ralph Watson of Newbottle Tile Kilns died there on 10th August 1728.The Watson family had leased Newbottle mill since 1668. The tile kilns may have been the same site as Low Pottery Yard. Henry Wilson may have taken over at that time. In 1760 Henry Wilson Esq. is listed as paying 8/10d for his tile kilns. Mr Thomas Byers paid 4/4d for his pot houses. In 1764 the Newbottle Pottery was definitely being run by the Wilson family. An order for a house at Elemore, signed by Henry Wilson, consisted of a w. flint teapot, a large punch bowl, 2 large pipkins (a small earthware pot or pan), 12 small gulpots, 4 chamber pots, 6 pudding pots and 2 trays. Henry Wilson's will is dated 30th September 1761 and he died in 1765. An advert in the Newcastle Courant on 18th and 25th May 1765 advertised the pottery to be let. 'Well fitted with all conveniences, workmen, a large stock of clay, flints and other material for the making of both white and brown ware. A farm may be let with it and houses, cart etc sold'. An order of pottery from Thomas Byers on 23 April 1764 included dishes, a fish drainer, chamber pots, flower jars, sauce boats and dessert plates. From 20th September 1779 Henry Scott & Co. ran the Newbottle Pottery. Orders included a teapot and punch bowl of 'Tally Ho' design, which may have depicted a fox hunting scene. Henry Scott died in 1801. Between 1797 and 1815 church records and census returns list some 200 pottery workers in the Newbottle and Houghton area. Robert Fairbairns & Co were running Newbottle Pottery from 1825. In 1836 a fire broke out at Newbottle Pottery. The tithe plan of 1839 shows the Newbottle Tile Sheds in a field called Cow Gap. The area of the Low Pottery is waste ground and gardens. Pottery waste was dug up during road widening in 1968 at Pottery Yard {2}. Sunderland Museum has two plates made at Newbottle on display. They are transfer-printed in blue willow pattern with Newbottle on the reverse. 6 inches in diameter.
Site Name
Low Pottery
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
4642
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4642 >> S. Speak, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2001, Short Report
J. Baker, (ed) 1984, Sunderland Pottery, p 43
W. Ball, 1906, Potteries of Sunderland Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol 7, p 38; Andrew D. Fletcher, 2005, The Newbottle Potteries
YEAR1
2002
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
DAY2
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
433810
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
3
MONTH2
4
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
551550
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newbottle
Description
Baker suggests that Newbottle Pottery was founded in the 17th century and was known as "High Newbottle", located in Pottery Yard behind Dial House. It closed in 1878. Broken kilns and works could still be seen in 1890, but the site has since been built over. Pottery waste was dug up there during road widening in 1968. There were two potteries at Newbottle, the other being Low Pottery (HER ref. 4642). Andrew Fletcher, a local historian, has observed a large amount of 18th-19th century pottery kiln wasters, including transfer-printed items, biscuit ware, unfired pottery, saggers, kiln tripods, etc., in a loose spoil tip to the north-west of the High Pottery site. Trial trenching at Emily Street/Front Street in 1992 recovered kiln debris, pottery, hand-made glass bottles, unglazed biscuit wares, kiln tripods and stands, nodules of burnt flint from nearby flint crushing mills, clay tobacco stems showing heat-warping, and used & unused pipe bowls [suggesting perhaps that the kiln was also used by a local clay tobacco pipe maker] – including 4 used bowls of popular mid-19th century identical design. These finds were assumed to be associated with Newbottle High Pottery. Andrew Fletcher has also recorded mounds of "rubble" containing ash, burnt material, pottery sherds, saggars and white clay during water mains renewal work along North Street, Lily and Emily Terraces, etc., in March and April 2002. He has also found hundreds of pieces of pottery in the field to the north of North Street.
SITEASS
Andrew Fletcher recorded mounds of "rubble" containing ash, burnt material, pottery sherds and white clay during water mains renewal work along North Street, Lily and Emily Terraces etc in March and April 2002. A large amount of brown earthenware pottery with pale yellow glaze, white biscuit earthenware some with a transfer print and pieces from saggers were found. He has also found hundreds of pieces of pottery in the field to the north of North Street. These finds presumably represent waste from the potteries. A site visit to inspect foundation trenches for new houses on North Street in April 2002 revealed approximately 20cm of dark brown clay with up to a metre of sandstone rubble above it. In places there was a 20cm layer of orange sandy clay at the base of the section, and in others a 20cm layer of black ash at the top of the section. There were many broken tiles on the site, but few pieces of pottery (a couple of brown earthware sherds with yellow glaze). In the centre of the site there was a concrete and brick basement of a modern building. One trench section was cut by a C19 drain pipe. Clearly there has been recent activity on this site, but there were no finds which could specifically be related to the pottery {4 & 5}.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Baker suggests that Newbottle Pottery was founded c1720 and was known as "High Newbottle" in Pottery Yard behind Dial House. There were two potteries at Newbottle, the other was Low Pottery (HER 4642). Newbottle Pottery is mentioned in 1765 as having been worked for many years by the late Mr Henry Wilson to great advantage, making white and brown ware. There was another potter in Newbottle in 1776 called Thomas Byers. Henry Scott & Co ran Newbottle Pottery from 1779 until 1825 when Robert Fairbairns & Co took over. The tithe plan of 1839 shows the High Pottery as Pottery Yard (plot 127). A transfer of deeds in 1850 describes the pottery as consisting of two kilns, several pan-houses, packing houses, warehouse, workmen's houses with an open yard. The premises then belonged to the Earl of Durham. James Beckwith and John Broderick seem to purchase the premises. The partnership was dissolved in 1852. An advert of 1864 lists Newbottle Pottery at fence Houses as the premises of William and Henry Broderick, manufactures of blue, white and brown earthenware. High Pottery closed in 1878. Broken kilns and works could still be seen in 1890. In 1906 Emily Street and Bertha and Lily Terraces were built on the site. Pottery waste was dug up during road widening in 1968 at Pottery Yard {2}. Andrew Fletcher, a local historian from Houghton-le-Spring, is researching the Newbottle Potteries. He has observed a large collection of 18th century-C19 pottery kiln wasters, including transfer-printed items, biscuit ware, unfired pottery, saggers, kiln tripods etc in a loose spoil tip to the north-west of the High Pottery site {1}. Ball suggests that the Newbottle Potteries were founded in 1700 and 1740 {3}. Trial trenching at Emily Street/Front Street in 1992 recovered kiln debris, pottery, hand-made glass bottles, unglazed biscuit wares, kiln tripods and stands. Nodules of burnt flint from nearby flint crushing mills. Clay tobacco stems showing heat-warping, unused pipe bowls [kiln also used by local clay tobacco pipe maker?]. Four heavily used pipe bowls of popular mid 19th century identical design. Finds assumed to be associated with Newbottle High Pottery {6}.
Site Name
High Pottery
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
4641
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4641 >> S. Speak, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2001, Short Report
J. Baker, (ed) 1984, Sunderland Pottery, p 43
W. Ball, 1906, Potteries of Sunderland Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol 7, p 38
Pers. Comm. A. Fletcher, 2002, Water Board Replacement of Underground Pipes
J. Morrison, 2002, Note on a site visit to North Street, Newbottle, 18th April 2002
Tyne and Wear Museums, 1992, Exploratory excavations at Newbottle, unpublished report; Andrew D. Fletcher, 2005, The Newbottle Potteries
YEAR1
2002
YEAR2
2002
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
435710
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Brick; Concrete
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
551070
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Middle Haining
Description
This reinforced concrete WW2 pillbox, constructed in 1940-1, has been converted to become the base of a high radio mast..
SITEASS
The pillbox is the most familiar type of C20 defensive building. Sometimes referred to as defence posts, blockhouses or police posts. Concrete pillboxes were first used by the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War. The concept was copied by the Germans in WW1 and later by the British. The majority of WW2 pillboxes were associated with beach defences, stop-lines and nodal points. Some were sited to defend coastal batteries, airfields, radar stations and factories. More than 18,000 were built during 1940. In June 1940 branch FW3 of the War Office Directorate of Fortifications and Works issued designs for about a dozen standard pillboxes. In practice a multiplicity of designs arose. However most pillboxes consist of a basic squat, heavily constructed building, usually flat-roofed, no more than 1.98m high and quadrilateral, polygonal or circular in plan. There were one or two entrances, sometimes protected by a porch or wall. They all have a series of horizontal slits (firing loops, loopholes or embrasures) to provide interlocking fields of fire over the anticipated direction of attack. Most pillboxes were designed for rifles or light machine guns. More heavily armed examples had Vickers machine guns, anti-tank guns or Hotchkiss guns. Pillbox walls are almost invariably of concrete, sometimes with brick shuttering or stone facing {Defence of Britain Handbook, 1995, pp 79-82}.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
Reinforced concrete Second World War pillbox which has been converted to become the base of a high radio mast. Constructed 1940-1 {1}.
Site Name
Middle Haining, Pillbox
Site Type: Specific
Pillbox
HER Number
4640
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4640 >> Defence of Britain Project, 2002, Defence of Britain Database S0010736
SURVIVAL
80-90%
YEAR1
2002
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
District
Newcastle
Easting
425100
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MATERIAL
Ashlar
MONTH1
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
569400
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gosforth
Description
Three large stone ranges, an engine/boiler house and chimney are all that remain of the Home Farm farmbuildings. The date of the one-time farmhouse, which lies to the south. is uncertain. All of the buildings, except the chimney and part of the engine house are of random ashlar where the walls were intended to be visible, and of rubble elsewhere. The roofs are slate. There is only one certain trace of an earlier building. The three principal buildings now form a single unit with no partitions or upper floors, but were originally divided. The farm is called 'North Gosforth: South Farm' on the 1840 Tithe Map. At that time it was owned by the Trustees of the Rev. Ralph Henry Brandling and occupied by Thomas Charlton. On the first and second editions of the Ordnance Survey Map Series it is called Gosforth Moor House. Along with Low Gosforth Hall, the farm was part of Lot 2 in the ‘Sale Plan and Particulars of Sale of the Brandling Estates’ in 1852. The Moor House Farm consisted of a convenient and substantially built farmhouse, 2 labourers cottages, farmyard with stabling for 8 horses, a cow house, calf house, two hovels with granary over, barn with threshing machine, straw house, etc, and 156 acres of land. The farm developed in the early to mid-19th century and underwent further improvements later in the century. Its motive power changed from the horse engine in a gin-gan to the steam engine. The surviving imposing set of barns was converted to housing in or around 1988.
SITEASS
Farm converted to dwellings circa 1988.
Site Type: Broad
Farm
SITEDESC
Three large stone ranges, an engine/boiler house and chimney are all that remain of the farm buildings. The one-time farmhouse lies to the south. Its date is uncertain. All of the buildings, except the chimney and part of the engine house are of random ashlar where the walls were intended to be visible, and of rubble inside or where once masked by ranges now demolished. The roofs are slate. The roof trusses are king-post braced on to tie beam, all bolted. There is only one certain trace of an earlier building. The three principal buildings now form a single unit with no partitions or upper floors. The existing ground surface is concrete throughout. They were originally divided. The farm is called 'North Gosforth: South Farm' on the 1840 Tithe Award. At that time it was owned by the Trustees of the Rev. Ralph Henry Brandling and occupied by Thomas Charlton. On the OS first and second edition maps it is called Gosforth Moor House. Along with Low Gosforth Hall, the farm was part of Lot 2 in the Sale Plan and Particulars of Sale of the Brandling Estates in 1852. The Moor House Farm consisted of a convenient and substantially built farmhouse, 2 labourers cottages, farmyard with stabling for 8 horses, a cow house, calf house, two hovels with granary over, barn with threshing machine, straw house etc and 156 acres of land {1}. An example of a farm which although developed in early to mid 19th century underwent further improvements later in the century. A farm where the motive power changed from the gingang to the steam engine. The surviving imposing set of barns has been converted to housing {4}.
Site Name
Low Gosforth Home Farm
Site Type: Specific
Farmstead
HER Number
4639
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 4639 >> B. Harbottle & I. Ayris, 1986, Low Gosforth Home Farm
1840, Tithe Award, Northumberland Records Office, DT 357S
1852, Sale Plan and Particulars of Sale of Brandling Estates, Northumberland Records Office, 404/380
I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 62