Staiths are shown at the end of the Walker Incline on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but are absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that they were built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Water Transport Site
SITEDESC
Staiths at the end of the Walker Incline. They are not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping so probably built after 1858.
Site Name
Walker, Staiths
Site Type: Specific
Staith
HER Number
4285
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4285 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
09
District
Newcastle
Easting
429000
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566150
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Walker
Description
Possible extractive pits (or reservoirs) are shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but are absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that they were in use after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Possible extractive pits, shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858. These may be reservoirs?
Site Name
Walker, Extractive Pits ?
Site Type: Specific
Extractive Pit
HER Number
4284
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4284 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
09
District
Newcastle
Easting
429350
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563460
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Walker
Description
A Brick Works is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
A Brick Works. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858.
Site Name
Walker, brickworks
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
4283
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4283 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
09
District
Newcastle
Easting
429360
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563640
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Walker
Description
Alkali Farm, a Chemical Works with settling tanks/filter beds is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Alkali Farm, appears on OS mapping, to be a Chemical Works, with settling tanks/filter beds. It is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was built after 1858.
Site Name
Alkali Farm
Site Type: Specific
Alkali Works
HER Number
4282
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4282 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
09
District
Newcastle
Easting
428100
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563430
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Tyne Quarry is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Tyne Quarry. This is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was in operation after 1858.
Site Name
Tyne Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4281
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4281 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
09
District
Newcastle
Easting
428760
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563630
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
This Clay Pit is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was opened after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Clay Pit not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was opened after 1858.
Site Name
Byker, Clay Pit
Site Type: Specific
Clay Pit
HER Number
4280
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4280 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW; Heart of Walker Regeneration Area, Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
09
DAY2
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
428650
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563690
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
The first edition Ordnance Survey map shows a brick field and a cluster of large clay extraction pits but no buildings. The natural boulder clay would have been opencast mined by hand until the steam shovel was introduced in 1879. At that time bricks were probably being made by tempering (kneading) and pugging the clay, then moulding and hacking the bricks in the open, and fired in single burn clamps (bricks are fired in a temporary stack which is dismantled after firing). A brick floor with integral channels contained the fuel, usually crucsked coke, wood or charcoal. This method of hand-moulded brick manufacture did not require a permanent kiln or ancillary structures. The second edition map of 1898 shows a building annotated as St. Anthony's Brick Works. The brickfield is no longer marked, presumably abandoned for the permanent facility. Two large water-filled clay pits remain to the west. An extensive clay pit lies to the north and east of the building. The brickworks was probably established by 1880. The brickworks is still present on the 1907 1:500 map and the 1919 map but the works seem to have been rebuilt, with a chimney attached to the south-west wing of the building. Clay quarrying had expanded. A tramway ran from the south-east corner to the south east in a cutting, crossed at one point by a footbridge. This was probably used for transporting finished bricks but possibly also for importing raw materials. There were two separate buildings on the north side of the main building, possibly external furnaces used to fire the kilns in the main building. The brickworks appear largely unchanged on the 1940 map. The works do not appear on the 1951 edition, indicating that production had ceased and the buildings had been demolished. The Lightfoot Centre was built in 1965 and the site of the brickworks became sports pitches and an athletics track. In March 2011 Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd excavated five evaluation trenches within the sports fields in advance of a new school being built. Trenches 1, 3 and 5 found the site was disturbed, probably by clay extraction. Trench 4 found brick walls and floors of St. Anthony's Brickworks. The trench was expanded into an open area excavation 1300m square in size between March and May 2011. The earliest deposits provided evidence of early C19 brickmaking probably using brick clamps - a linear spread of compact ash with brick impressions. The north-west portion of the mid C19 brickworks building survived, constructed of wire-cut bricks. The western external wall and a series of probable coal chutes survived. A rectangular room 15m x 9m was filled with parallel north-south aligned walls forming flue channels beneath the floor of what was probably a heated drying chamber, employing waste heat from a kiln or boiler to dry the unfired bricks prior to firing. There was an external brick yard and road surface. The mechanisation of brickmaking in the mid C19 coincided with the abolition of the tax on bricks, which had been in place since 1784. This resulted in a vast increase in production aided by new machinery which allowed harder clays to be used. The bricks were presumably used to build local housing. Brickworks comprised of a processing area for tempering and removing stones, a pug mill (horse-driven, later steam powered) for adding water to achieve the correct consistency, an area for brick-forming machinery, a large shed for drying the unfired 'green' bricks and kilns for firing. Evidence of the rebuilt brickworks constructed between 1898 and 1907 survived in the eastern portion of the excavation area - external walls, a row of brick piers, an internal concrete floor. This building might have been used for brick moulding, but no sign of the machinery survived.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
The first edition Ordnance Survey map shows a brick field and a cluster of large clay extraction pits but no buildings. The natural boulder clay would have been opencast mined by hand until the steam shovel was introduced in 1879. At that time bricks were probably being made by tempering (kneading) and pugging the clay, then moulding and hacking the bricks in the open, and fired in single burn clamps (bricks are fired in a temporary stack which is dismantled after firing). A brick floor with integral channels contained the fuel, usually crucsked coke, wood or charcoal. This method of hand-moulded brick manufacture did not require a permanent kiln or ancillary structures. The second edition map of 1898 shows a building annotated as St. Anthony's Brick Works. The brickfield is no longer marked, presumably abandoned for the permanent facility. Two large water-filled clay pits remain to the west. An extensive clay pit lies to the north and east of the building. The brickworks was probably established by 1880. The brickworks is still present on the 1907 1:500 map and the 1919 map but the works seem to have been rebuilt, with a chimney attached to the south-west wing of the building. Clay quarrying had expanded. A tramway ran from the south-east corner to the south east in a cutting, crossed at one point by a footbridge. This was probably used for transporting finished bricks but possibly also for importing raw materials. There were two separate buildings on the north side of the main building, possibly external furnaces used to fire the kilns in the main building. The brickworks appear largely unchanged on the 1940 map. The works do not appear on the 1951 edition, indicating that production had ceased and the buildings had been demolished. The Lightfoot Centre was built in 1965 and the site of the brickworks became sports pitches and an athletics track. In March 2011 Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd excavated five evaluation trenches within the sports fields in advance of a new school being built. Trenches 1, 3 and 5 found the site was disturbed, probably by clay extraction. Trench 4 found brick walls and floors of St. Anthony's Brickworks. The trench was expanded into an open area excavation 1300m square in size between March and May 2011. The earliest deposits provided evidence of early C19 brickmaking probably using brick clamps - a linear spread of compact ash with brick impressions. The north-west portion of the mid C19 brickworks building survived, constructed of wire-cut bricks. The western external wall and a series of probable coal chutes survived. A rectangular room 15m x 9m was filled with parallel north-south aligned walls forming flue channels beneath the floor of what was probably a heated drying chamber, employing waste heat from a kiln or boiler to dry the unfired bricks prior to firing. There was an external brick yard and road surface. The mechanisation of brickmaking in the mid C19 coincided with the abolition of the tax on bricks, which had been in place since 1784. This resulted in a vast increase in production aided by new machinery which allowed harder clays to be used. The bricks were presumably used to build local housing. Brickworks comprised of a processing area for tempering and removing stones, a pug mill (horse-driven, later steam powered) for adding water to achieve the correct consistency, an area for brick-forming machinery, a large shed for drying the unfired 'green' bricks and kilns for firing. Evidence of the rebuilt brickworks constructed between 1898 and 1907 survived in the eastern portion of the excavation area - external walls, a row of brick piers, an internal concrete floor. This building might have been used for brick moulding, but no sign of the machinery survived.
Site Name
St. Anthony's Brick Works
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
4279
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4279 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW; Tyne and Wear Museums, 2008, Heart of Walker Archaeological Desk Based Assessment; Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, 2011, Archaeological Investigations at the Lightfoot Centre, Wharrier Street, Walker, Newcastle; RW Brunskill, 1990, Brick Building in Britain; PJ Davison, 1986, Brickworks of the North East; E Dobson, 1850, A Rudimentary Treatise on the Manufacture of Bricks and Tiles; W Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology; Jennifer Proctor, 2013, Waggonways and brickworks: insights into the industrial heritage of Walker, Archaeologia Aeliana, Fifth Series, Volume 42, pp 269-304
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
09
District
Newcastle
Easting
427870
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563850
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Bird's Nest Quarry is shown at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Bird's Nest Quarry. This quarry is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was operating after 1858.
Site Name
Bird's Nest Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4278
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4278 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
09
DAY2
30
District
Newcastle
Easting
427880
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
MONTH2
6
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565220
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Walker
Description
Lawson Main Brick Works appears at this location on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is absent from the 1st edition plan, indicating that it was built after 1858. 25 men employed in 1908.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Lawson Main Brick Works. These are not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so were built after 1858. 25 men employed in 1908.
Site Name
Lawson Main Brick Works
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
4277
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4277 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW
P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East, pp 68-9; Turnbull, L, 2015, A Celebration of our Mining Heritage
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
09
District
Newcastle
Easting
427810
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NE
MONTH1
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
565340
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Walker
Description
Byker Hill Brick Works were working from 1894 to 1921. Manufacturer in 1887 was Batey & Marr.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
Byker Hill Brick Works. These were working from 1894 to 1921. They are not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so built after 1858. Manufacturer in 1887 was Batey & Marr.
Site Name
Byker Hill Brick Works
Site Type: Specific
Brickworks
HER Number
4276
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4276 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 98, NW; P.J. Davidson, 1986, Brickworks of the North East