English, British
Class
Civil
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
16
District
Sunderland
Easting
440200
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
In the 18th century there was a lock-up or kitty in Coronation Street. This was a prison for temporary detention. Typically they were one storeyed and one-celled, sometimes of round or polygonal plan.
Site Type: Broad
Legal Site
SITEDESC
In the 18th century there was a lock-up or kitty in Coronation Street. This was a prison for temporary detention. Typically they were one storeyed and one-celled, sometimes of round or polygonal plan.
Site Name
Coronation Street, lock up
Site Type: Specific
Lock Up
HER Number
13316
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
Nigel Green, 2009, Tough Times & Grisly Crimes, page 9
YEAR1
2010
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
16
District
Sunderland
Easting
440400
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557400
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
In the 18th century there were 42 pubs on Low Street. The Thornhill's Wharf was the most easterly.
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
In the 18th century there were 42 pubs on Low Street. The Thornhill's Wharf was the most easterly.
Site Name
Low Street, Thornhill's Wharf public house
Site Type: Specific
Public House
HER Number
13315
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
Nigel Green, 2009, Tough Times & Grisly Crimes, page 9
YEAR1
2010
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
16
District
Sunderland
Easting
440100
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557300
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Sunderland
Description
In the 18th century there were 42 pubs on Low Street. The Green Dragon was the most westerly.
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
In the 18th century there were 42 pubs on Low Street. The Green Dragon was the most westerly.
Site Name
Low Street, Green Dragon public house
Site Type: Specific
Public House
HER Number
13314
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
Nigel Green, 2009, Tough Times & Grisly Crimes, page 9
YEAR1
2010
English, British
ADDITINF
y
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
17205
DAY1
11
DAY2
03
District
Newcastle
Easting
424800
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
8
MONTH2
9
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563700
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
Evidence for Roman activity before the construction of Pons Aelius Fort - an early north-south route on the line of the Great North Road has been suggested by Bidwell and Snape (2002). This route linked to the river crossing, guarded by an unlocated fort at Gateshead. A number of pre-Hadrianic (i.e pre-fort) finds have been found in Newcastle. Roman pottery was found beneath the fort including a sherd of 1st century cooking pot and a Samian base sherd of Antonine date. Excavations at the Black Gate in 1972-3 produced three 1st century coins AD 68-79. A 1st century denarius of Vitellius (AD 69) was found west of the Keep in 1929. Remains postdating Pons Aelius Fort: In 1843 a Roman altar, pottery and coins were found when White Friar Tower was being demolished (G.B Richardson 1844). A second altar was found less than two weeks later. These may indicate the site of a temple. In 1898 an amphora was found at Cooper's Auction House on Westgate Road. Also around 1929 Roman occupation earth and pottery was found south of the railway and in the Yard of Clavering House by Spain and Simpson. Roman occupation deposits and roof tiles were found in 1929 at the junction of Westgate Road and the railway arch leading to Clavering Place (Spain and Simpson). Similar remains were found in 1951-2 between St. Nicholas Street and the same railway arch. In 1965 and 1967 Barbara Harbottle recorded Roman remains beneath the medieval Carmelite Friary. Post holes were associated with C2 and C3 pottery. There was a north-south construction trench and an area of cobbles. The pottery was from kitchen use (cooking pots, bowls, beakers, a coander, mortaria, jars, amphorae and samian ware). In 1993 Roman pottery and roof tile were found at the town wall between Clavering Place, Hanover Square and Orchard Street (Nolan et al). In 2007 evaluation trenching within railway arches on Westgate Road found Roman layers as little as 0.30m below modern ground level. A substantial wall and a metalled surface and C3 pottery were recorded. Further evidence of two carriageways were located here in 2009 (Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd). Archaeological excavations in 2008 on the BEMCO site in Clavering Place recorded Roman gullies on a north-south alignment under the medieval friary church (HER 1427 and 1428). A Roman road was found which probably led from the Roman bridge up the slope to the west gate of Pons Aelius fort. There were wide ditches to either side and on one side two layers of cobbles forming a narrow raised footpath. The fill of the ditch next to the road contained pottery dating from the beginning of the 2nd century to 270 AD. A pot containing a cremation was found along with some empty pots. A Samian pot had been used as a lid for the cremation. A stone lined pit and crude drains were recorded. A circular well had a lower lining of timber. One oak plank was curved and had a peg hole to fix it to the well. Another well had a timber lined shaft. Finds included a seal, pottery and a glass bead. Two stone coffins were found alongside the road, with room for a third. The coffins would have been above ground so were sealed with waterproof cement. The first coffin seal had failed which had led to water ingress and poor bone preservation. An adult knee and child molars were all that survived. The second coffin lid was still held on by iron pegs held in place by molton lead. This was the coffin of a wealthy lady as shown by the jet hair pin found next to the pillow. The two coffins were different sizes and of different manufacture. A lead filligree, some mineralised textile and a collection of jet tube beads were recovered from the coffins. What did the vicus look like? Hadrian's Wall formed a major boundary to the north edge. Metalled surfacing around St. Nicholas Buildings and the north side of Westgate Road, overlain by occupation debris, may suggest the presence of a market place. The hyothetical route up the present Side would have approached the market area up the Military Way, if Hadrian's Wall took this course down to the bridging point. Following the 4th century abandonment of the vicus, the market activities took place within the fort, as testified by coin spreads across the resurfaced via principalis and via praetoria (Bidwell and Snape 2002). No evidence of a bathhouse or mansio has thus far been found in Newcastle's vicus. The distribution of Roman pottery covers a large area and the vicus may have been more significant and larger than the archaeological evidence so far suggests. The vicus was totally dependent of the presence of the military, so it may have fluctuated in size and function as the occupation forces came and went.
Site Type: Broad
Settlement
SITEDESC
Evidence for Roman activity before the construction of Pons Aelius Fort - an early north-south route on the line of the Great North Road has been suggested by Bidwell and Snape (2002). This route linked to the river crossing, guarded by an unlocated fort at Gateshead. A number of pre-Hadrianic (i.e. pre-fort) finds have been found in Newcastle. Roman pottery was found beneath the fort including a sherd of 1st century cooking pot and a Samian base sherd of Antonine date. Excavations at the Black Gate in 1972-3 produced three 1st century coins AD 68-79. A 1st century denarius of Vitellius (AD 69) was found west of the Keep in 1929.
Remains postdating Pons Aelius Fort: In 1843 a Roman altar, pottery and coins were found when White Friar Tower was being demolished (G.B Richardson 1844). A second altar was found less than two weeks later. These may indicate the site of a temple. In 1898 an amphora was found at Cooper's Auction House on Westgate Road. Also around 1929 Roman occupation earth and pottery was found south of the railway and in the Yard of Clavering House by Spain and Simpson. Roman occupation deposits and roof tiles were found in 1929 at the junction of Westgate Road and the railway arch leading to Clavering Place (Spain and Simpson). Similar remains were found in 1951-2 between St. Nicholas Street and the same railway arch. In 1965 and 1967 Barbara Harbottle recorded Roman remains beneath the medieval Carmelite Friary. Post holes were associated with C2 and C3 pottery. There was a north-south construction trench and an area of cobbles. The pottery was from kitchen use (cooking pots, bowls, beakers, a colander, mortaria, jars, amphorae and samian ware). In 1993 Roman pottery and roof tile were found at the town wall between Clavering Place, Hanover Square and Orchard Street (Nolan et al). In 2007 evaluation trenching within railway arches on Westgate Road found Roman layers as little as 0.30m below modern ground level. A substantial wall and a metalled surface and C3 pottery were recorded (Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd).
Further works at 1-7 Westgate Road and the Queens Lane arches in 2009 (PCA) revealed 6 sub-phases of Roman activity including two streets (N-S and E-W).
Archaeological excavations in 2008 on the BEMCO site in Clavering Place recorded Roman gullies on a north-south alignment under the medieval friary church (HER 1427 and 1428). A Roman road was found which probably led from the Roman bridge up the slope to the west gate of Pons Aelius fort. There were wide ditches to either side and on one side two layers of cobbles forming a narrow raised footpath. The fill of the ditch next to the road contained pottery dating from the beginning of the 2nd century to 270 AD. A pot containing a cremation was found along with some empty pots. A Samian pot had been used as a lid for the cremation. A stone lined pit and crude drains were recorded. A circular well had a lower lining of timber. One oak plank was curved and had a peg hole to fix it to the well. Another well had a timber lined shaft. Finds included a seal, pottery and a glass bead. Two stone coffins were found alongside the road, with room for a third. The coffins would have been above ground so were sealed with waterproof cement. The first coffin seal had failed which had led to water ingress and poor bone preservation. An adult knee and child molars were all that survived. The second coffin lid was still held on by iron pegs held in place by molten lead. This was the coffin of a wealthy lady as shown by the jet hair pin found next to the pillow. The two coffins were different sizes and of different manufacture. A lead filigree, some mineralised textile and a collection of jet tube beads were recovered from the coffins. What did the vicus look like? Hadrian's Wall formed a major boundary to the north edge. Metalled surfacing around St. Nicholas Buildings and the north side of Westgate Road, overlain by occupation debris, may suggest the presence of a market place. The hypothetical route up the present Side would have approached the market area up the Military Way, if Hadrian's Wall took this course down to the bridging point. Following the 4th century abandonment of the vicus, the market activities took place within the fort, as testified by coin spreads across the resurfaced via principalis and via praetoria (Bidwell and Snape 2002). No evidence of a bathhouse or mansion has thus far been found in Newcastle's vicus. The distribution of Roman pottery covers a large area and the vicus may have been more significant and larger than the archaeological evidence so far suggests. The vicus was totally dependent of the presence of the military, so it may have fluctuated in size and function as the occupation forces came and went.
Site Name
Newcastle, vicus
Site Type: Specific
Vicus
HER Number
13313
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
Richard Annis, Archaeological Services Durham University, 2009, lecture to Northumberland Archaeological Group; C.P Graves and D.H. Heslop, 2013, Newcastle upon Tyne - the Eye of the North, an archaeological assessment, pp 56-60; Nolan et al, 1993, The town wall, Newcastle upon Tyne: excavations at Orchard Street and Croft Street, 1987-89, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol 21, p 107; Spain and Simpson, 1930, The Roman Wall from Wallsend to Rudchester Burn, p 505 in Dodds, MH (ed), Northumberland County History, Vol 13; Harbottle, B, 1968, Excavations at the Carmelite Friary, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1965 and 1967, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 4, Vol 46, p 178; White, R, 1865, Roman stone found at the White Friars, Newcastle, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 2, Vol 6, p 231; Richardson, G.B, 1844, Account of the discovery of some Roman relics in the western suburbs of Pons Aelii, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 1, Vol 3, pp 148-9; Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1898, Series 2, Vol. 8, p 256; North Pennines Archaeology, 2007, Parcels Office, Westgate Road - evaluation report; Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, 2007, 1-8 Westgate Road - evaluation report; Archaeological Services Durham University, 2009, BEMCO, Clavering Place - post excavation assessment; Journal of Roman Studies, Vol 43, p 110; Bidwell and Snape, 2002, The Roman Fort at Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol 31, pp 261-2, 278, 280; PCA, 2009, Archaeological investigations at Westgate Rd 1-7 and arches 23-24 Queens Lane, Newcastle.
YEAR1
2010
YEAR2
2018
English, British
ADDITINF
y
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
419740
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ17SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
574890
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Dinnington
Description
During archaeological excavations in 2005, a circular brick well shaft was recorded adjacent to the field boundary, which is depicted on the second edition Ordnance Survey plan as a pump. The shaft was 1.56m in diameter. It was blocked with rubble. The open fields were enclosed in the 1850s and the site sub-divided by a narrow ditch, which is shown on the first edition map. The ditch was steep sided and flat bottomed, 1.10m wide and 0.26m deep. It was filled with blackish brown humic soil. A later field drain was recorded in the partially silted ditch. The fields were used for arable agriculture. Ridge and furrow was recorded across the silted remains of a western roadside ditch. A small ditch and gully may represent a stock enclosure.
Site Type: Broad
Water Supply Site
SITEDESC
During archaeological excavations in 2005, a circular brick well shaft was recorded adjacent to the field boundary, which is depicted on the second edition Ordnance Survey plan as a pump. The shaft was 1.56m in diameter. It was blocked with rubble. The open fields were enclosed in the 1850s and the site sub-divided by a narrow ditch, which is shown on the first edition map. The ditch was steep sided and flat bottomed, 1.10m wide and 0.26m deep. It was filled with blackish brown humic soil. A later field drain was recorded in the partially silted ditch. The fields were used for arable agriculture. Ridge and furrow was recorded across the silted remains of a western roadside ditch. A small ditch and gully may represent a stock enclosure.
Site Name
Fox Covert, pump
Site Type: Specific
Pump
HER Number
13312
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Warren Muncaster, Tyne and Wear Museums, September 2007, Archive Report, Fox Covert OCCS, Dinnington, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Excavation; Ordnance Survey first edition 1860; Ordnance Survey second edition 1890
YEAR1
2010
English, British
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
30
District
S Tyneside
Easting
441000
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ46SW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561280
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Whitburn
Description
Roughly hewn stone breakwater. Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as actively eroding. Exposed sediments. Risk = high. Threat level 10.
Site Type: Broad
Sea Defences
SITEDESC
Roughly hewn stone breakwater. Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as actively eroding. Exposed sediments. Risk = high. Threat level 10.
Site Name
Whitburn, breakwater
Site Type: Specific
Breakwater
HER Number
13311
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services, 2010, Phase 2 North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment, Project Record Number 412
YEAR1
2010
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
30
District
S Tyneside
Easting
438370
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566660
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Trow Rocks
Description
Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as at risk from trample. Bedrock cliff retreat. Risk = intermediate. Threat level 6.
Site Type: Broad
Fieldwork
SITEDESC
Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as at risk from trample. Bedrock cliff retreat. Risk = intermediate. Threat level 6.
Site Name
Trow Rocks, weapons pit
Site Type: Specific
Weapons Pit
HER Number
13310
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
Archaeological Research Services, 2010, Phase 2 North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment, Project Record Number 120
YEAR1
2010
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
30
District
S Tyneside
Easting
438380
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MATERIAL
Concrete
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566650
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Trow Rocks
Description
Reserve gun emplacement. Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as partially buried. Bedrock cliff retreat. Risk = high. Threat level 7.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
Reserve gun emplacement. Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as partially buried. Bedrock cliff retreat. Risk = high. Threat level 7.
Site Name
Trow Rocks, gun emplacement
Site Type: Specific
Gun Emplacement
HER Number
13309
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services, 2010, Phase 2 North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment, Project Record Number 122
YEAR1
2010
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
30
District
S Tyneside
Easting
438380
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MATERIAL
Concrete
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566650
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Trow Rocks
Description
Reserve gun emplacement. Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as trampled, bedrock cliff retreat, partially exposed. Risk = high. Threat level 7.
Site Type: Broad
Fortification
SITEDESC
Reserve gun emplacement. Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as trampled, bedrock cliff retreat, partially exposed. Risk = high. Threat level 7.
Site Name
Trow Rocks, gun emplacement
Site Type: Specific
Gun Emplacement
HER Number
13308
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services, 2010, Phase 2 North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment, Project Record Number 123
YEAR1
2010
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
30
District
S Tyneside
Easting
438370
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
566650
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Trow Rocks
Description
Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as at risk of infill. Bedrock cliff retreat. Risk = intermediate. Threat level 6.
Site Type: Broad
Fieldwork
SITEDESC
Recorded by Phase 2 of the North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Recorded as at risk of infill. Bedrock cliff retreat. Risk = intermediate. Threat level 6.
Site Name
Trow Rocks, weapons pit
Site Type: Specific
Weapons Pit
HER Number
13307
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
Archaeological Research Services, 2010, Phase 2 North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment, Project Record Number 124
YEAR1
2010