English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
Sunderland
Easting
439840
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558640
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Monkwearmouth
Description
A Second World War air raid shelter is visible as an earthwork and structure on air photographs, at NZ 3984 5864.
(1)
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
A Second World War air raid shelter is visible as an earthwork and structure on air photographs, at NZ 3984 5864.
(1)
Site Name
Monkwearmouth, Fulwell Road, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
12731
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1463071; RAF 106G/UK/745 6232 28-AUG-1945
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436280
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572120
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Two sections of Second World War tank trap are visible as structures on air photographs, at NZ 3627 7210. The two lines of anti-tank cubes are present. No surface features are visible on the latest 1988 Ordnance Survey vertical photography.
(1)
Site Type: Broad
Defence Obstruction
SITEDESC
Two sections of Second World War tank trap are visible as structures on air photographs, at NZ 3627 7210. The two lines of anti-tank cubes are present. No surface features are visible on the latest 1988 Ordnance Survey vertical photography.
(1)
Site Name
Whitley Bay, tank trap
Site Type: Specific
Tank Trap
HER Number
12729
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1465187; RAF 58/C/3 5010 14-APR-1949
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
Sunderland
Easting
439210
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
559270
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Southwick
Description
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures on air photographs, centred at NZ 3968 5926.
(1-2)
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures on air photographs, centred at NZ 3968 5926.
(1-2)
Site Name
Fulwell, Thompson Road, air raid shelters
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
12728
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1463065; RAF 106G/UK/593 6009 22-JUN-1946; RAF 106G/UK/593 6013 22-JUN-1946
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
5510
DAY1
23
District
Sunderland
Easting
439170
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558780
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Southwick
Description
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures on air photographs, at NZ 3916 5883.
(1)
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures on air photographs, at NZ 3916 5883.
(1)
Site Name
Nawton Avenue, air raid shelters
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
12727
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1463067; RAF 106G/UK/745 6200 28-AUG-1945
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
12553
DAY1
23
District
N Tyneside
Easting
434370
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ37SW
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
574820
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Whitley Bay
Description
Second World War aircraft obstructions are visible as earthworks and cropamrks on air photographs, at NZ 3475 7483. The feature appears to be no longer extant on the latest 1988 Ordnance Survey vertical photography. The aircraft obstructions predate the anti aircraft battery (UID 1414464) located in the same area.
(1-2)
Site Type: Broad
Defence Obstruction
SITEDESC
Second World War aircraft obstructions are visible as earthworks and cropamrks on air photographs, at NZ 3475 7483. The feature appears to be no longer extant on the latest 1988 Ordnance Survey vertical photography. The aircraft obstructions predate the anti aircraft battery (UID 1414464) located in the same area.
(1-2)
Site Name
Whitley Bay, aircraft obstruction
Site Type: Specific
Aircraft Obstruction
HER Number
12726
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1464911; RAF 58/B/40 5125 18-MAY-1948; RAF 4E/UK650 0092 12-JUN-1941
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
Sunderland
Easting
439120
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558450
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Southwick
Description
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures and earthworks on air photographs, at NZ 3911 5853.
(1)
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures and earthworks on air photographs, at NZ 3911 5853.
(1)
Site Name
Wallace Street, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
12725
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1463069; RAF 106G/UK/745 6202 28-AUG-1945
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
Sunderland
Easting
439490
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558050
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Monkwearmouth
Description
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures on air photographs, at NZ 3924 5818.
(1)
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures on air photographs, at NZ 3924 5818.
(1)
Site Name
Southwick Road, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
12724
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1463078; RAF 106G/UK/745 6269 28-AUG-1945
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
23
District
Sunderland
Easting
439500
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
558010
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Monkwearmouth
Description
A Second World War barrage balloon is visible as a structure on air photographs, at NZ 3950 5801.
(1)
Site Type: Broad
Anti Aircraft Defence Site
SITEDESC
A Second World War barrage balloon is visible as a structure on air photographs, at NZ 3950 5801.
(1)
Site Name
Stadium Way, barrage balloon site
Site Type: Specific
Barrage Balloon Site
HER Number
12723
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1463080; RAF 106G/UK/745 6269 28-AUG-1945
YEAR1
2009
English, British
ADDITINF
y
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
418800
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564400
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Lemington
Description
Around 1793 Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald, had a coal-tar distillery at Bells Close. This was the first alkali factory on the Tyne. The exact location is not known but the tar works were adjacent to an iron works (possibly in order that the coke could be used in smelting), presumably the Tyne Iron Works (HER 4346). It is therefore assumed that the tar works stood east of Tyne Iron Works, on the river bank in front of Holy Saviour Church. At the works the experimental production of soda was undertaken under the name of Losh and Co. (the partners were Dundonald, John Losh and Aubone Surtees, the banker). One of the processes depended on the solubility of sodium and potassium chlorides and sulphates. Salt and waste potassium sulphate from soap works were dissolved in water and evaporated until crystals of sodium sulphate were formed. The remaining potassium chloride was sold to alum makers in Yorkshire. The sodium sulphate was then heated with sawdust and iron oxide to form a small amount of impure soda. However most of the Bells Close soda was made by a different method discovered by Swedish chemist Scheele. Salt and lead oxide were stirred into a paste with water and left for a few days. Cautic soda was formed along with yellow basic chloride of lead (known as Turner's Yellow). The Bells Close factory only worked for four years, but the experiements enabled the parters to produce soda at their Walker factory from 1798 (HER 4197).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Around 1793 Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald, had a coal-tar distillery at Bells Close. This was the first alkali factory on the Tyne. The exact location is not known but the tar works were adjacent to an iron works (possibly in order that the coke could be used in smelting), presumably the Tyne Iron Works (HER 4346). It is therefore assumed that the tar works stood east of Tyne Iron Works, on the river bank in front of Holy Saviour Church. At the works the experimental production of soda was undertaken under the name of Losh and Co. (the partners were Dundonald, John Losh and Aubone Surtees, the banker). One of the processes depended on the solubility of sodium and potassium chlorides and sulphates. Salt and waste potassium sulphate from soap works were dissolved in water and evaporated until crystals of sodium sulphate were formed. The remaining potassium chloride was sold to alum makers in Yorkshire. The sodium sulphate was then heated with sawdust and iron oxide to form a small amount of impure soda. However most of the Bells Close soda was made by a different method discovered by Swedish chemist Scheele. Salt and lead oxide were stirred into a paste with water and left for a few days. Caustic soda was formed along with yellow basic chloride of lead (known as Turner's Yellow). The Bells Close factory only worked for four years, but the experiments enabled the partners to produce soda at their Walker factory from 1798 (HER 4197).
Site Name
Bells Close Chemical Works
Site Type: Specific
Chemical Works
HER Number
12722
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
University of Newcastle upon Tyne Department of Extra-Mural Studies, 1961, The Old Tyneside Chemical Trade, chapter V, page 12
YEAR1
2009
English, British
ADDITINF
y
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
3545
DAY1
27
District
Gateshead
Easting
428110
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
562870
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Heworth
Description
A list of chemical works published by the British Association in 1863 lists 'Dr. Hutchinson, Felling, early in the present century' and 'Mr. J. Allen, Felling, 1828'. In the heyday of the Heworth Chemical Works there were two separate sites - one at Heworth Shore (the Low Works) and one at the upper end of Brewery Lane (the High Works). In 1828 John Allen had started alkali manufacture at Heworth Shore with Thomas Coultherd. Production was on a small scale. Around 1818 Francis Hutchinson had acquired a site at the top of Brewery Lane where he manufacturered chemicals (epsom salts and alum) but not alkali. In 1830 chambers were erected for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, which was needed for the manufacture of epsom salts and alum. Hutchinson started to make alkali, but he went bankrupt. On 26 July 1836 John Allen and his partners bought the High Works. The two works were now known as Heworth Chemical Works. A plan of the High Works of 1836 shows that it included a filtering and crystallizing house, saltcake and blackash furnaces, two workers houses, a seven-roomed house for the manager, a cooperage, a smith's workshop and a plumber's shop. In 1847 the lease on the works expired and the partnership between Allen and Coultherd was dissolved. Allen moved much of the equipment to his new factory at Wallsend (HER 2088). The Heworth Works were bought by Coultherd for £16,000.
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
A list of chemical works published by the British Association in 1863 lists 'Dr Hutchinson, Felling, early in the present century' and 'Mr. J. Allen, Felling, 1828'. In the heyday of the Heworth Chemical Works there were two separate sites - one at Heworth Shore (the Low Works) and one at the upper end of Brewery Lane (the High Works). In 1828 John Allen had started alkali manufacture at Heworth Shore with Thomas Coultherd. Production was on a small scale. Around 1818 Francis Hutchinson had acquired a site at the top of Brewery Lane where he manufacturered chemicals (epsom salts and alum) but not alkali. In 1830 chambers were erected for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, which was needed for the manufacture of epsom salts and alum. Hutchinson started to make alkali, but he went bankrupt. On 26 July 1836 John Allen and his partners bought the High Works. The two works were now known as Heworth Chemical Works. A plan of the High Works of 1836 shows that it included a filtering and crystallizing house, saltcake and blackash furnaces, two workers houses, a seven-roomed house for the manager, a cooperage, a smith's workshop and a plumber's shop. In 1847 the lease on the works expired and the partnership between Allen and Coultherd was dissolved. Allen moved much of the equipment to his new factory at Wallsend (HER 2088). The Heworth Works were bought by Coultherd for £16,000.
Site Name
Heworth Chemical Works
Site Type: Specific
Chemical Works
HER Number
12721
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
University of Newcastle upon Tyne Department of Extra-Mural Studies, 1961, The Old Tyneside Chemical Trade, chapter X, pages 27-29
YEAR1
2009