Reservoir, west of Carley Hill.

Possibly five lime kilns, as shown on the 1st edition OS mapping. These probably used lime from the nearby Fulwell Quarries (SMR 2691), brought via a wagonway (SMR 2692) {1}. Generally well-preserved, multi-phased, battery of lime kilns of random, roughly-dressed magnesium limestone masonry, which operated for c200 years until closure in 1957. Kilns, which were formerly linked by three waggonways to the River Wear, burnt magnesium limestone from the adjacent 140 acre Fulwell quarry (now landfilled). North and south ends of the range are visible, central area currently occupied by a garage which employs the kilns façade as its west wall. North end, situated with the forecourt of a car showroom, consists of a series of four openings of different dimensions. Two openings have round-headed corbelled brickwork arches and have been blocked with firebricks except for a later inserted doorway. The other two have square iron girder lintelled roofs. Drawing eyes are obscured by debris. South end has four round-headed brickwork drawing arches and shows much evidence of remodelling. Further draw arches are believed to lie in the central area. Three oval pots are now infilled and grassed over. Site of additional kiln at NZ 391 599 now beneath recent housing development {3}. A complex of kilns constructed in magnesian limestone to burn the same stone extracted from extensive quarries behind. The kiln structure is now within the Mill Garage site. Much of the quarried area with its unique "cannonball" formation has been reclaimed but formerly the routes of three19th century waggonways for lime carriage to the Wear could be followed {4}. The multi-phased battery of kilns operated for around 200 years before closure in 1957. They burnt limestone from the 140 acre Fulwell Quarry. The aim of the recording was to understand how the garage building was built onto the listed structure, to advise how the garage could be removed without damaging the kilns and to ascertain if any repair work to the kilns is likely to be needed once the garage has been removed. Archaeological Research Services Ltd was to undertake the recording in September 2008. The report concludes that three drawing arches with round-headed corbelled archwork are visible inside the ground floor showroom and have been used as storage and office space. Two of the arches have been blocked at the rear by brickwork and the floors covered with concrete. The arch openings, which have iron girder lintelled roofs, have inserted modern wooden frames with glass panes and wooden doors. These panels should be able to be removed quite easily with little damage to the kilns. The opening to arch 3 has been completely blocked by modern limestone blocks. The stone façade of the kilns is also visible within the first floor of the garage building and in the first floor male toilets. The removal of the garage will be beneficial to the listed kilns as it will expose those areas presently hidden and will greatly improve its overall appearance. It will allow air to circulate around the façade, which is currently suffering from severe damp and water ingress due to being enclosed by the modern structure.

Engine House, on wagonway SMR 2692.

A Turntable on wagonway SMR 2692. This probably gave access to the adjacent battery of lime kilns, (SMR 2695).

Wagonway from Fulwell Quarry, (SMR 2691), to the Sheepfold Lime Works on the Wear, (SMR 2753). Features along the line included a turntable, (SMR 2693) and an engine, (SMR 2694). It seems likely that the turntable gave access to a battery of Lime Kilns, (SMR 2695). On the 1st edition OS mapping the wagonway appears to run through a short tunnel to the south of Monkwearmouth Station. The line was probably laid circa 1790-1800. It was abandoned in 1870 when a link with the North Eastern Railway was built. First shown on Robson's map of 1827. Replaced a steep track shown on Raine's 1790 Eye Plan. On the first edition OS map of 1862, the lime kiln waggonway is carried through a tunnel under the tenements to the east of Bridge Pottery. The tunnel has presumably been backfilled with debris.

Fulwell Quarry (Limestone) was served by a wagonway, (SMR 2692).

Limestone Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1855.

Limestone Quarry, marked as Old on the 1st edition OS mapping, so was probably out of use by 1855.

Fulwell Turnpike Toll House at the junction of the South Shields to Sunderland and Gateshead to Monkwearmouth Roads.

Fulwell Waterworks. The 1st edition OS mapping shows a Reservoir and Engine. Fulwell Water Pumping Station NZ 389606(V). Constructed for the Sunderland and South Shields Water Company in operation by 1856 with two rotative, pumping engines of 70 horsepower each. These were replaced by two Uniflo engines in 1925 but the station is now electrified. Engine and boiler houses remain, built in brick but with stone dressing to openings, corner buttresses etc. {2}. Gothic brick engine house with hipped slate windows rising behind machiolated parapet. Stone dressings to windows and doors and buttresses. Elevations divided into two storeys by stone band. East and west elevations divided by central buttress, lit by lancet windows, corner buttresses to north elevation which contains main entrance approached by a flight of steps and framed by pointed arch. Above entrance is a square headed 3-light mullioned window. Projecting square tower rises at south east corner with pyramidal slate roof. Workshops and boiler house attached to south and orientate east-west. Single storey, brick with a double pitch hipped roof {3}. Work started in 1853, a temporary (presumably Cornish) engine being used for sinking. This was replaced by two permanent engines supplied by Messrs Whitham & Sons of Leeds. Apart from the boiler house chimney which was demolished, the buildings remain much as they were built in the 1850s. In 1903 the original boilers were replaced by three Lancashire boilers and in 1925 the beam engines were replaced by two Uniflow steam engines. Two new Cornish boilers survived until the 1950s or 1960s when the station was electrified {4}.