English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1442,1443
DAY1
16
DAY2
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
424900
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 25
Northing
563800
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Newcastle
Description
It was reported in 1865 that, during recent alterations to his property in Clavering Place, Edward Spoor had found a mixture of pottery, human bones and a Roman building-stone in north-south parallel trenches "within the precincts of the house of the White Friars". Without knowing the location of Spoor's house it is impossible to suggest whether these bodies were found in the Carmelites' cemetery, and so were not Roman, on the west side of Clavering Place, or conceivably from the supposed Roman cemetery on the east side.
Site Type: Broad
Human Remains
SITEDESC
It was reported in 1865 that, during recent alterations to his property in Clavering Place, Edward Spoor had found a mixture of pottery, human bones and a Roman building-stone in north-south parallel trenches "within the precincts of the house of the White Friars". The NCH qualified this report saying, not bones, but "a number of human skeletons". Without knowing the location of Spoor's house it is impossible to suggest whether these bodies were found in the Carmelites' cemetery, and so were not Roman, on the west side of Clavering Place, or conceivably from the supposed Roman cemetery on the east side.
Site Name
Clavering Place, human bones
Site Type: Specific
Human Remains
HER Number
1444
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1444 >> Archaeologia Aeliana, 1865, Roman Stone found at the White Friars', Newcastle, 2, VI, 231
J.C. Bruce, 1867, Roman Wall, 3rd ed., 103n
G.R.B. Spain, 1930, Newcastle Fort Suburbs, Northumberland County History, XIII, 506
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1442,1444
DAY1
16
DAY2
15
District
Newcastle
Easting
424900
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 25
Northing
563800
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
It was reported in 1865 that, during recent alterations to his property in Clavering Place, Edward Spoor had found a mixture of pottery, human bones and a Roman building-stone in north-south parallel trenches "within the precincts of the house of the White Friars". The location of his house is not known, so the full significance of these discoveries cannot be assessed.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
It was reported in 1865 that, during recent alterations to his property in Clavering Place, Edward Spoor had found a mixture of pottery, human bones and a Roman building-stone in north-south parallel trenches "within the precincts of the house of the White Friars". The location of his house is not known, so the full significance of these discoveries cannot be assessed. The NCH enlarged on this report, saying that the pottery included samian, amphorae and mortaria.
Site Name
Clavering Place, Roman pottery
Site Type: Specific
Amphora
HER Number
1443
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1443 >> Archaeologia Aeliana, 1865, Roman Stone found at the White Friars', Newcastle, 2, VI, 231
J.C. Bruce, 1867, Roman Wall, 3rd. ed., 103n
G.R.B. Spain, 1930, Newcastle Fort Suburbs, Northumberland County History, XIII, 506
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Commemorative
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1443,1444
DAY1
11
DAY2
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
424900
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 25
Northing
563800
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
Building-stone, 13.5 x 10 x 2.5 inches, found in 1864 in Clavering Place within the area once occupied by the White Friars Friary. Inscribed: coh(ors) I Th/racum "The First Cohort of Thracians (built this)". It has been suggested that this Cohort may well have been in garrison in Newcastle.
Site Type: Broad
Commemorative Stone
SITEDESC
Building-stone, 13.5 x 10 x 2.5 in, found in 1864 in Clavering Place within the area once occupied by the White Friars Monastery (sic), (sector 4-4a). coh(ors) I Th/racum "The First Cohort of Thracians (built this)" Birley suggested this Cohort may well have been in garrison in Newcastle; in CW 50 (1950), 176, he inclines to assign this stone to the Vallum. Wright clearly doubted this on the grounds that the Vallum may not have extended as far east as Clavering Place. Without knowing which side of Clavering Place the stone was found it remains uncertain as to whether it was from the friary precinct or not.
Site Name
Clavering Place, Roman building-stone
Site Type: Specific
Dedication Stone
HER Number
1442
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1442 >> Archaeologia Aeliana, 1865, Roman Stone found at the White Friars', Newcastle, 2, VI, 231
G.R.B. Spain, 1930, Inscribed and Sculptured Stones Newcastle, Northumberland County History, XIII, no. 12, pp. 506, 546
E. Birley, 1937, Centurial Stones from the Vallum west of Denton Burn: Appendix, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4, XIV, 238-9
R.G. Collingwood & R.P. Wright, 1965, The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, no. 1323
E.J. Phillips, 1977, Great Britain, Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, Vol. I Fasc I, no. 279
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1438,1439
DAY1
16
DAY2
15
District
Newcastle
Easting
424840
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563660
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
During the demolition of the White Friars Tower in December, 1843, Amor Spoor found underneath it an old stream bed in which were Roman roofing tiles, bricks, pottery, coins and an altar to Silvanus. Another altar was found subsequently. As only one altar survives the identification of the other artifacts cannot be confirmed.
Site Type: Broad
Archaeological Feature
SITEDESC
During the demolition of the White Friars Tower in December, 1843, Amor Spoor found underneath it an old stream bed in which were Roman roofing tiles, bricks, pottery, coins and an altar to Silvanus. Another altar was found subsequently. As only one altar survives the identification of the other artifacts cannot be confirmed.
Site Name
White Friars Tower, Roman? coins
Site Type: Specific
Site
HER Number
1441
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1441 >> J.C. Bruce, 1851, Roman Wall, 1st. ed., 129
J.C. Bruce, 1867, Roman Wall, 3rd. ed., 105
G.R.B. Spain, 1930, Newcastle Fort Suburbs, Northumberland County History, XIII, 506
Museum of Antiquities, 1850, Society of Antiquaries Donations Book, 6.iii.1850
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1438,1439
DAY1
11
DAY2
19
District
Newcastle
Easting
424840
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
7
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563660
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
During the demolition of the White Friars Tower in December, 1843, Amor Spoor found underneath it an old stream bed in which were Roman roofing tiles, bricks, pottery, coins and an altar to Silvanus. Another altar was found subsequently.
Site Type: Broad
Archaeological Feature
SITEDESC
During the demolition of the White Friars Tower in December, 1843, Amor Spoor found underneath it an old stream bed in which were Roman roofing tiles, bricks, pottery, coins and an altar to Silvanus. Another altar was found subsequently.
Site Name
White Friars Tower, Roman ceramic artifacts
Site Type: Specific
Site
HER Number
1440
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1440 >> G.B. Richardson, 1844, Account of the Discovery of some Roman Relics in the Western Suburbs, Archaeologia Aeliana, 1, III, 148-9
G.R.B. Spain, 1930, Newcastle Fort Suburbs, Northumberland County History, XIII, 506
Museum of Antiquities, 1850, Society of Antiquaries Donations Book, 6.iii.1850
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1438,1440
DAY1
11
DAY2
15
District
Newcastle
Easting
424840
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563660
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
An alter, c. 10 x 16 inches, without any inscription, was found on 9th January, 1844 during the demolition of White Friar Tower, in the bed of an old watercourse 10-11 feet below the tower's floor. Once in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"Another altar, (i.e. cf. 1438), of the same size (c. 10 x 16 in) but without any inscription, was found in the same place, on...the 9th January, 1844". I.e. during the demolition of White Friar Tower, 1843-4, in the bed of an old watercourse 10-11 ft below the tower's floor. As it was listed in NCH as in "Black Gate, not now identifiable" it was obviously once in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries.
Site Name
White Friars Tower, Roman altar
Site Type: Specific
Altar
HER Number
1439
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1439 >> G.B. Richardson, 1844, Account of the Discovery of some Roman Relics in the Western Suburbs, Archaeologia Aeliana, 1, III, 149
G.R.B. Spain, 1930, Inscribed and Sculptured Stones Newcastle, Northumberland County History, XIII, p. 546 no. 9
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1439,1440
DAY1
11
DAY2
15
District
Newcastle
Easting
424840
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
8
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SW 24
Northing
563660
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Newcastle
Description
An altar, 10 x 16 inches, found in 1843 built into the Whitefriars Tower. Inscribed: D(e)o / Siluano / G(aius) Val(erius) / -... To the god Silvanus Gaius Valerius (set this up). G.B. Richardson says quite clearly that the altar was found in the bed of an old watercourse 10-11 feet below the floor of the tower, "almost wholly shorn of its inscription", and its top broken off during the digging.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Altar, 10 x 16 in, found in 1843, according to Wright built into the Whitefriars Tower. Sides plain. D(e)o / Siluano / G(aius) Val(erius) / (... To the god Silvanus Gaius Valerius (set this up) G.B. Richardson says quite clearly that the altar was found in the bed of an old watercourse 10-11 ft below the floor of the tower, "almost wholly shorn of its inscription", and its top broken off during the digging. The OS suggests this was possibly from a temple site.
Site Name
White Friars Tower, Roman altar
Site Type: Specific
Altar
HER Number
1438
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1438 >> R.G. Collingwood & R.P. Wright, 1965, The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, 1321
G.B. Richardson, 1844, Account of the Discovery of some Roman Relics in the Western Suburbs, Archaeologia Aeliana, 1, III, 148-9
Archaeologia Aeliana, 1865, Roman Stone found at the White Friars, Newcastle, 2, VI, 231
G.R.B. Spain, 1930, Inscribed and Sculptured Stones Newcastle, Northumberland County History, XIII, p. 545 no. 8
Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, BHP, 1968, Altar found 1843 - possible temple site?
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1994
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
1436
DAY1
11
DAY2
27
District
Newcastle
Easting
425200
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564200
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
At a meeting of the Antiquaries on 25 Jan. 1899, "Mr R.S. Thorpe called attention to the number of interments which were being unearthed near the Jesus hospital. They were now being found daily. Dr Adamson said that whenever human remains were found in the coffins they were being re-interred in All Saints churchyard". This sounds like a large-scale operation, but without further work it is not clear precisely where it was taking place. The most probable explanation is that the burials were in the cemetery of the Austin Friars (their church being more or less coterminous with the Holy Jesus Hospital), and as the cloister was north of the church perhaps the cemetery was to the south, under City Road and buildings south of it. In 2014 during a watching brief to monitor works to a failed sewer to the rear of Holy Jesus Hospital, a human skeleton was revealed. The grave was orientated east-west, the head (which was missing) to the west. The gender of the individual could not be determined. He or she was aged between 35 and 50 years and was between five feet four inches and five foor eight inches in height. The upper part of the skeleton was probably destroyed when a manhole was installed. The skeleton was radiocarbon dated to between 1265 and 1395 cal AD. However a marine influence probably affected the dates (the individual consumed a diet comprising almost one third of marine derived food) and so the dates were recalibrated taking the marine reservoir reffect into account. This provided a date of between 1295 and 1435 cal AD. These dates sit within the known chronology of the Austin Friary. The individual was probably an inhabitant of the friary or a lay patron. The trench was just over 1m deep.
SITEASS
It is possible that local newspapers might provide more information.
Site Type: Broad
Cemetery
SITEDESC
At a meeting of the Antiquaries on 25 Jan. 1899, "Mr R.S. Thorpe called attention to the number of interments which were being unearthed near the Jesus hospital. They were now being found daily. Dr Adamson said that whenever human remains were found in the coffins they were being re-interred in All Saints churchyard". This sounds like a large-scale operation, but without further work it is not clear precisely where it was taking place. The most probable explanation is that the burials were in the cemetery of the Austin Friars (their church being more or less coterminous with the Holy Jesus Hospital), and as the cloister was north of the church perhaps the cemetery was to the south, under City Road and buildings south of it. In 2014 during a watching brief to monitor works to a failed sewer to the rear of Holy Jesus Hospital, a human skeleton was revealed. The grave was orientated east-west, the head (which was missing) to the west. The gender of the individual could not be determined. He or she was aged between 35 and 50 years and was between five feet four inches and five feet eight inches in height. The upper part of the skeleton was probably destroyed when a manhole was installed. The skeleton was radiocarbon dated to between 1265 and 1395 cal AD. However a marine influence probably affected the dates (the individual consumed a diet comprising almost one third of marine derived food) and so the dates were recalibrated taking the marine reservoir effect into account. This provided a date of between 1295 and 1435 cal AD. These dates sit within the known chronology of the Austin Friary. The individual was probably an inhabitant of the friary or a lay patron. The trench was just over 1m deep. Dated C13-15th.
Site Name
Austin Friary, inhumations
Site Type: Specific
Cemetery
HER Number
1437
Form of Evidence
Physical Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1437 >> Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1901, 2, IX (for 1899-1900), 7; Craig Huddart and Scott Williams, Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2014, An Archaeological Watching Brief at Holy Jesus Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
ADDITINF
y
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
Crossref
1424,1437
DAY1
06
DAY2
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
425210
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
5
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 62
Northing
564190
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
The first reference to the friary is from 1291. The precinct grew piecemeal in the early 14th century, and lay between the town wall, Carliol Croft (Square) and Manor Chare. The friary housed 25 in 1299, 24 in 1322, and when surrendered in 1539, it accommodated the prior, 8 friars and 3 novices. The church lay under and on the same alignment as the Holy Jesus Hospital. All the buildings were probably 14th century. Burials were found both in the church (i.e. under the Holy Jesus Hospital) and in the cloister.
SITEASS
Augustine or Austin Friars were followers of St. Augustine. They wore black habits.
Site Type: Broad
Religious House
SITEDESC
First reference 1291. The precinct grew piecemeal in the early C14, and lay between the town wall (E), Carliol Croft (Square) (N), Manor Chare (W and S). The friary housed 25 in 1299, 24 in 1322, and when surrendered in 1539, it accommodated the prior, 8 friars and 3 novices. The church, which lay under and on the same alignment as the Holy Jesus Hospital, had an aisleless quire (E wall with angle buttresses outside the E end of the hospital), N wall (with window in later tower), and nave with no N aisle. The cloister was on the N side (its S wall was located); the S end of the E range contained a sacristy (the later tower was built over its E wall), undershot cloister walk, probable chapterhouse. All the buildings were probably C14. Burials were found both in the church (i.e. under the Holy Jesus Hospital) and in the cloister. The chancel of the church was presumably aisleless since twin buttresses were found at both its eastern angles, a short stretch of its north wall, with 14th century window, still stands within the post-medieval tower. This friary church was the only one in Newcastle to stand on the south side of its cloister, and the only one to have at least one undershot cloister walk. The friary was suppressed in 1539. The Council of the North came to the site, which was passed to the mayor and burgesses. A six week excavation was carried out in May and June 1971 on the north side of Holy Jesus Hospital before the area was landscaped. The excavation confirmed that Holy Jesus Hospital lies within the Austin Friary church. The cloister was sited on the north side of the nave, which is a different arrangement to the Black, White and Grey Friaries in Newcastle, which had their cloister on the south side. Since the earliest documentary reference to the Austin Friars in Newcastle is in 1291, and they were given land to enlarge their precinct as late as 1330, it is unlikely that any of the buildings were constructed until the 14th century. This date is supported by the pottery, window glass and architectural fragments recovered during the excavations. Dated C13th.
Site Name
Austin Friary
Site Type: Specific
Augustinian Friary
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II*
HER Number
1436
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 1436 >> Cal Pat R, 1281-92, 441
Letters & Papers Foreign & Domestic Henry VIII, XIII, pt. 2, no. 768, p. 297
Letters & Papers Foreign & Domestic Henry VIII, XIV, pt. 1, nos. 39, 394, pp. 20, 150
J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, I, 344-48
D. Knowles & R.N. Hadcock, 1953, Medieval Religious Houses England and Wales, p. 201
B. Harbottle, 1971, The Austin Friary, Archaeological Newsbulletin Northumberland, Cumberland & Westmorland, No. 10, Jan. 1971, pp. 8-9
B. Harbottle, 1972, Austin Friary, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Newsbulletin for Council British Archaeology, Regional Group 3, No. 1, May 1972, pp. 8-9; Barbara Harbottle, 2009, The Medieval Archaeology of Newcastle in Diana Newton and AJ Pollard (eds), 2009, Newcastle and Gateshead before 1700, page 32, 38; Medieval Archaeology 15 (1971) p 140 and 16 (1972), p 175
SURVIVAL
1-19%
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2011
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
1433
DAY1
27
DAY2
10
District
Newcastle
Easting
424600
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
4
MONTH2
3
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564200
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Newcastle
Description
In 1829, during excavations in the garden of Jonathan Priestman, tanner, at the east end of Low Friar Street, 2 skeletons were found within 30 feet of one another, and at a depth of 4.5 feet in clay. They lay east-west, and were perfectly straight. Jonathan Priestman was tenant of the Cordwainers' property in Low Friar Street at this time, i.e. the ground between Dispensary Lane and Low Friar Lane, and from Low Friar Street back to and including St. Crispin's Buildings, originally the friars' orchard. It is just possible the friars' cemetery extended this far east.
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
In 1829, during excavations in the garden of Jonathan Priestman, tanner, at the east end of Low Friar Street, 2 skeletons were found within 30 feet of one another, and at a depth of 4.5 feet in clay. They lay east-west, and were perfectly straight. Jonathan Priestman was tenant of the Cordwainers' property in Low Friar Street at this time, i.e. the ground between Dispensary Lane and Low Friar Lane, and from Low Friar Street back to and including St. Crispin's Buildings, originally the friars' orchard. It is, I suppose, just possible the friars' cemetery extended this far east.
Site Name
Low Friar Street, human remains
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
1435
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 1435 >> Newcastle Chronicle, 1829, 31 Oct. 1829
19th century, Lease of Cordwainers' property, Tyne and Wear Archive Service, 401, Nos. 58, 59
B. Harbottle & R. Fraser 1987, Black Friars, Newcastle upon Tyne, after the Dissolution... Archaeologia Aeliana, 5, XV, fig. 1 p. 25
SURVIVAL
0
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995