Jetty at north-east end of Fish Quay created partly to carry the tramway down which loaded mines were conveyed from Clifford's Fort to boats. Also served as the Fish Quay landing stage. Now used by the RNLI.
Site Type: Broad
Landing Point
SITEDESC
Jetty at north-east end of Fish Quay created partly to carry the tramway down which loaded mines were conveyed from Clifford's Fort to boats. Also served as the Fish Quay landing stage. Now used by the RNLI with tall blue fencing and an operational lifeboat station in brick and render with steel roof.
Site Name
North Shields, jetty
Site Type: Specific
Jetty
HER Number
8001
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Brecky's Factory Site, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Archaeological Assessment; North East Civic Trust, 2001, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Draft Conservation Plan, page 57
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436400
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568530
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Shields
Description
Lifeboat house, boat house and two jetties shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map. The lifeboat house was destroyed by a German bomb on 10 April 1941. The Germans may have mistaken the lifeboat slipways for military infrastructure, or they may have been trying to target the nearby 12-pounder battery. A new lifeboat house was built by 1949 on piles at the low water mark of the Northern Wave Trap, accessed by a footbridge from the edge of the wave trap. A square two-storeyed cement-rendered and whitewashed building was built - probably as a watch house. The timber lifeboat house and footbridge were demolished in the 1990s, but the watch house and its later garage survives today. Late nineteenth century timbers from the slipway of the lifeboat house and iron footings from the footbridge are embedded in the boulders of the Wave Trap.
Site Type: Broad
Sea Defences
SITEDESC
Lifeboat house, boat house and two jetties shown on Ordnance Survey second edition map. The lifeboat house was destroyed by a German bomb on 10 April 1941. The Germans may have mistaken the lifeboat slipways for military infrastructure, or they may have been trying to target the nearby 12-pounder battery. A new lifeboat house was built by 1949 on piles at the low water mark of the Northern Wave Trap, accessed by a footbridge from the edge of the wave trap. A square two-storeyed cement-rendered and whitewashed building was built - probably as a watch house. The timber lifeboat house and footbridge were demolished in the 1990s, but the watch house and its later garage survives today. Late nineteenth century timbers from the slipway of the lifeboat house and iron footings from the footbridge are embedded in the boulders of the Wave Trap.
Site Name
North Shields, lifeboat house and slips
Site Type: Specific
Groyne
HER Number
8000
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Brecky's Factory Site, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Archaeological Assessment; North East Civic Trust, 2001, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Draft Conservation Plan, pages 58-59
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Maritime
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
CONDITION
Poor
DAY1
28
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436400
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Timber
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568570
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
North Shields
Description
North groyne, containing a sewer outfall. Built of boulders after 1861 to supplement the piers at the entrance to the Tyne as a further progressive barrier to heavy seas at the river mouth. At east end are the remains of a timber jetty once leading to Lloyd's Hailing Station (watch-house built in 1902 to record ship movements), now owned by Port of Tyne Authority. The late nineteenth century timber piles of the jetty survive as do the associated iron railing stanchions on the concrete capping to the North Groyne.
Site Type: Broad
Sea Defences
SITEDESC
North groyne, containing a sewer outfall. Built of boulders after 1861 to supplement the piers at the entrance to the Tyne as a further progressive barrier to heavy seas at the river mouth. At east end are the remains of a dilapidated timber jetty once leading to Lloyd's Hailing Station (watch-house built in 1902 to record ship movements), now owned by Port of Tyne Authority. The late nineteenth century timber piles of the jetty survive as do the associated iron railing stanchions on the concrete capping to the North Groyne. The watchhouse is a small modern hut only accessible by boat. The jetty supports roosting cormorants in the winter.
Site Name
North Groyne
Site Type: Specific
Groyne
HER Number
7999
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Brecky's Factory Site, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Archaeological Assessment; North East Civic Trust, 2001, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Draft Conservation Plan, page 59
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436370
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MATERIAL
Iron
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568480
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
North Shields
Description
During World War Two, the land to the east of Clifford's Fort was the focus of military activity. Here the road and the "moat" were enclosed with barbed wire and knife rests, and covered with barracks, air-raid shelters, welfare facilities and other temporary buildings. A battery of two covered 12-pounder quick firing guns, facing out to the river entrance, was completed in November 1940 (see HER 150) to provide defence against motor torpedo boats, and a Blacker Bomabard position (later known as a Spigot Mortar) and balloon barrage were also installed. One iron piquet from the 1939-45 wire entanglement surrounding the coastal battery survives on the boulders. On 10th April 1941 a German bomber dropped four high explosive bombs on the North Groyne and lifeboat house. The intended target may have been the 12-pounder battery. The first and only time that Clifford's Fort was subjected to enemy action.
SITEASS
Although a minor feature in itself, it has significance as a visible, fragile local survival of the impact of devastating world events in the twentieth century. It would be desirable to retain this feature.
Site Type: Broad
Defence Obstruction
SITEDESC
During World War Two, the land to the east of Clifford's Fort was the focus of military activity. Here the road and the "moat" were enclosed with barbed wire and knife rests, and covered with barracks, air-raid shelters, welfare facilities and other temporary buildings. A battery of two covered 12-pounder quick firing guns, facing out to the river entrance, was completed in November 1940 (see HER 150) to provide defence against motor torpedo boats, and a Blacker Bomabard position (later known as a Spigot Mortar) and balloon barrage were also installed. One iron piquet from the 1939-45 wire entanglement surrounding the coastal battery survives on the boulders. On 10th April 1941 a German bomber dropped four high explosive bombs on the North Groyne and lifeboat house. The intended target may have been the 12-pounder battery. The first and only time that Clifford's Fort was subjected to enemy action.
Late nineteenth century Northern Wave Trap, composed of massive boulders with sandy foreshore beyond. Built after 1861 to supplement the piers at the entrance to the Tyne as a further progressive barrier to heavy seas at the river mouth. Angular embankment of massive boulders which served to break the force of the waves and to protect the Fish Quay structures and Clifford's Fort. Now owned by Port of Tyne Authority.
Site Type: Broad
Sea Defences
SITEDESC
Late nineteenth century Northern Wave Trap, composed of massive boulders with sandy foreshore beyond. Built after 1861 to supplement the piers at the entrance to the Tyne as a further progressive barrier to heavy seas at the river mouth. Angular embankment of massive boulders which served to break the force of the waves and to protect the Fish Quay structures and Clifford's Fort. Now owned by Port of Tyne Authority.
Site Name
Northern Wave Trap
Site Type: Specific
Sea Defences
HER Number
7997
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 2005, Brecky's Factory Site, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Archaeological Assessment; North East Civic Trust, 2001, Clifford's Fort, North Shields - Draft Conservation Plan, page 59
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
424660
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564380
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Iron works shown on first edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Iron works shown on first edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Name
Newgate Street, iron works
Site Type: Specific
Iron Works
HER Number
7996
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition 1859
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Health and Welfare
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
424560
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564450
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Baths and wash houses at corner of Gallowgate and Newgate Street, directly to north of town wall.
Site Type: Broad
Baths
SITEDESC
Baths and wash houses at corner of Gallowgate and Newgate Street, directly to north of town wall.
Site Name
Gallowgate, baths and wash houses
Site Type: Specific
Baths
HER Number
7995
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition 1859
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
424550
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564510
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Timber yard set back north of Gallowgate to east of Fleece Court.
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Timber yard set back north of Gallowgate to east of Fleece Court.
Site Name
Gallowgate, timber yard
Site Type: Specific
Timber Yard
HER Number
7994
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition 1859
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
424490
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564510
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Saw mill and timber yards set back from Gallowgate (north side) between Leazes Lane and Dalrymple's Court.
SITEASS
Saw mills replaced saw pits, and were water powered at first. Mechanised sawing was by frame saws which imitated the action of the old sawpit using straight rip saws. Later circular saws came into use (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
Saw mill and timber yards set back from Gallowgate (north side) between Leazes Lane and Dalrymple's Court.
Site Name
Gallowgate, saw mill and timber yards
Site Type: Specific
Saw Mill
HER Number
7993
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition 1859
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
424510
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564460
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
Brick built building with stone dressings. Five storeys plus basement and attic floor lit by dormer windows. Narrow enclosed yard to rear. Nos. 30-34 Gallowgate was built in two phases. The initial building dates to c.1891 and was two storeys high. In 1924 it was raised to its current height. The end walls were rebuilt to support the additional floors. The façade of the lower two floors is more ornate than the upper floors, featuring stone lintels and mullions. Engaged brick pilasters separate the window bays and there is a projecting cornice along the top of second floor level at what was presumably the level of the original eaves. The central doorway has a segmental arched lintel. There were originally three such doors, but in 1924 two of these were replaced by windows. A simple but elegant doorway with flat lintel and moulded surround stands at the eastern end of the Gallowgate façade. The building was designed as a warehouse for T.H. Forsyth in 1891, by the architect E. Bowman. By 1894, Kelly's Directory lists Messrs. S & C.W. Dixon & Co., wholesale boot and shoe manufacturers at this site. By June 1908 the General Electric Co. Ltd. Was also occupying the premises. The 1924 elevation drawing for the proposed heightening of the building, by the architect H.T. Wright, shows that the electric company occupied the eastern half of the building, and Dixon, Blair & Co. (Dixon's Boot Factory), the western half. By 1936 or 1937, the electric company had moved into the adjacent newly built Magnet House and Andrews House. By 1968 the Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society had joined the boot and shoe manufacturers at Nos. 32 and 34. Most recent uses include a Japanese restaurent in the basement of No. 34 and a clothing retailer on the ground floor of No. 32. Demolished 2005.
Site Type: Broad
Warehouse
SITEDESC
Brick built building with stone dressings. Five storeys plus basement and attic floor lit by dormer windows. Narrow enclosed yard to rear. Nos. 30-34 Gallowgate was built in two phases. The initial building dates to c.1891 and was two storeys high. In 1924 it was raised to its current height. The end walls were rebuilt to support the additional floors. The façade of the lower two floors is more ornate than the upper floors, featuring stone lintels and mullions. Engaged brick pilasters separate the window bays and there is a projecting cornice along the top of second floor level at what was presumably the level of the original eaves. The central doorway has a segmental arched lintel. There were originally three such doors, but in 1924 two of these were replaced by windows. A simple but elegant doorway with flat lintel and moulded surround stands at the eastern end of the Gallowgate façade. The building was designed as a warehouse for T.H. Forsyth in 1891, by the architect E. Bowman. By 1894, Kelly's Directory lists Messrs. S & C.W. Dixon & Co., wholesale boot and shoe manufacturers at this site. By June 1908 the General Electric Co. Ltd. Was also occupying the premises. The 1924 elevation drawing for the proposed heightening of the building, by the architect H.T. Wright, shows that the electric company occupied the eastern half of the building, and Dixon, Blair & Co. (Dixon's Boot Factory), the western half. By 1936 or 1937, the electric company had moved into the adjacent newly built Magnet House and Andrews House. By 1968 the Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society had joined the boot and shoe manufacturers at Nos. 32 and 34. Most recent uses include a Japanese restaurant in the basement of No. 34 and a clothing retailer on the ground floor of No. 32. Demolished 2005.
Site Name
30-34 Gallowgate
Site Type: Specific
Warehouse
HER Number
7992
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
The Archaeological Practice Ltd, 2005, 30-34 Gallowgate, Newcastle upon Tyne - Building Survey; Northern Archaeological Associates, 2021 One Strawberry Lane Office Development, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Negative Watching Brief, report 21-16