Byker Buildings was a street of tenement housing with the Cumberland Arms at the western end. The northwestern part of the street was built by 1858, the southwestern side after 1883. These were two-storey tenements for four families, with basements to the rear providing communal washhouse, privy and coal store. The northeastern side of Byker Buildings had small gardens to the front. By the 1960s these sub-standard properties had been demolished and replaced by modern maisonettes. These in turn were demolished circa 2001.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
Byker Buildings was a street of tenement housing with the Cumberland Arms at the western end. The northwestern part of the street was built by 1858, the southwestern side after 1883. These were two-storey tenements for four families, with basements to the rear providing communal washhouse, privy and coal store. The northeastern side of Byker Buildings had small gardens to the front. By the 1960s these sub-standard properties had been demolished and replaced by modern maisonettes. These in turn were demolished circa 2001.
Site Name
Byker Buildings
Site Type: Specific
Terrace
HER Number
7991
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey second edition 1890, G. Stobbs, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2005, Byker Buildings/Stephen Street, Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Assessment
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
426520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564650
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Early 20th Century 1901 to 1932
Place
Byker
Description
Shown on third edition Ordnance Survey of 1913. Described as "the prettiest theatre in the district" in an advertisement of 1910. The Minerva opened circa 15 August 1910 by the Heaton and Byker People's Hall Ltd. It seated 360. It became a warehouse until it was demolished in 1985.
Site Type: Broad
Cinema
SITEDESC
Shown on third edition Ordnance Survey of 1913. Described as "the prettiest theatre in the district" in an advertisement of 1910. The Minerva opened circa 15 August 1910 by the Heaton and Byker People's Hall Ltd. It seated 360. From 1911 to 1918 it was leased to Mr. E. Pirman. On 19 September 1918 the Minerva was sold for £2,100 and leased to J.H. Dawe, renamed the Imperial. Dawe later bought the cinema outright. It remained in the ownership of the Dawe family until it closed. A fire broke out on 27 August 1937 causing £4000 worth of damage. The Imperial re-opened with 381 seats on 28 February 1938. It closed in August 1963 for redecoration, but never re-opened. It became a warehouse until it was demolished in 1985 for the Shields Road Bypass..
Site Name
Byker Bank, Imperial Picture House (The Minerva)
Site Type: Specific
Cinema
HER Number
7990
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey third edition 1913, F. Manders, 1991, Cinemas of Newcastle, pp 83-84; Newcastle upon Tyne Planning Division Development Department, "Ouseburn Heritage", volume 1, page 45; Frank Manders, 2005, Cinemas of Newcastle, pages 27, 98, 159; Terry Lynch, 2008, 'From The Lop to Star and Shadow' in Ouseburn Trust Heritage Group, Newsletter Spring 2008
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
DAY2
31
District
Newcastle
Easting
426390
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564600
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Shown on second edition Ordnance Survey. Byker Buildings was a street of tenement housing with the Cumberland Arms at the western end. It was proposed for enlargement circa 1898. The then owner was a Mr Thompson of Whickham. This was never undertaken. Instead a Mr James Cackett was engaged to make internal alterations - increasing the bar area and adding a new façade. Nos. 2 and 3 James Place were incorporated into the public house. This plan survives largely unchanged today. LOCAL LIST
SITEASS
The Cumberland Arms, located in Lower Ouseburn Valley, is the only surviving pub formerly owned by John (Locker) Wood (1854 – 1937), a popular local sportsman and publican. The current building dates back to 1899, when it was rebuilt after an attempted renovation caused the whole building to collapse. In 1919 it was bought by Wilkinson’s Pine Street Brewery of Elswick and underwent minor alterations in 1935. It is a four storey structure with an attractive ground floor, complete with carved wood work, and original leaded and stained glass decoration which has the pub name inscribed. The pub also has a good traditional interior, and includes the original bar from the former Haymarket Hotel.
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
Shown on second edition Ordnance Survey. Byker Buildings was a street of tenement housing with the Cumberland Arms at the western end. Licensed as a beer house in 1862. It was proposed for enlargement circa 1898 - Benjamin Simpson drew up plans for an elaborate building with a tower at its north-west corner. The then owner was a Mr Thompson of Whickham rejected the plans. Instead a Mr James Cackett was engaged to make internal alterations - increasing the bar area and adding a new façade. During the work the front of the pub collapsed resulting in the death of one of the workmen (Matthew Fitzgerald). Nos. 2 and 3 James Place were incorporated into the public house. This plan survives largely unchanged today. The Cumberland was acquired by Wilkinson's Pine Street Brewery of Elswick in 1919. Alterations were made in 1935. In 1956 the pub obtained a spirit licence. For some time the pub was owned by John "Jocker" Wood (1854-1937) who was a well known quoits player and so there was a quoits yard beside the Cumberland. It is a free house today. The upstairs lounge contains the bar fittings from the Haymarket Hotel.
Site Name
Back Stephen Street, Cumberland Arms
Site Type: Specific
Public House
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
7989
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Ordnance Survey second edition 1890; G. Stobbs, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2005, Byker Buildings/Stephen Street, Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Assessment; Ouseburn Heritage, Issue 4, page 15; Brian Bennison, 1997, Heavy Nights - A History of Newcastle's Public Houses, Volume Two, The North and East, p 32; Lynn F Pearson, 1989, The Northumbrian Pub - an architectural history, p 33-34
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2007
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
426270
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564710
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Shown on second edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Shown on second edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Name
Appleton's Buildings
Site Type: Specific
House
HER Number
7988
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey second edition 1890
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
426530
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564680
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
One of two smithys at the top of Byker Bank, shown on second edition Ordnance Survey.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
One of two smithies at the top of Byker Bank, shown on second edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Name
Byker Bank, smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
7987
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey second edition 1890
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
426520
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564650
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
One of two smithys at the top of Byker Bank, shown on second edition Ordnance Survey.
SITEASS
The smithy or forge was the workplace of a blacksmith or ironsmith, where iron was worked into useful objects such as weapons, armour in the Middle Ages and locks, hinges, spades and tools, iron horseshoes (machine-made horseshoes were introduced from USA in 1870s), grilles, gates, railings, metal parts for locomotives, coaches, waggons and carts. The blacksmith's raw material was wrought iron in bar form. The smithy comprised a hearth, bellows, anvil and bosh (quenching trough). A small forge had hand-operated bellows, a large industrial forge water-powered bellows, power hammer and shears (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
One of two smithies at the top of Byker Bank, shown on second edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Name
Byker Bank, smithy
Site Type: Specific
Blacksmiths Workshop
HER Number
7986
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey second edition 1890
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
426540
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564580
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Shown on second edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
Shown on second edition Ordnance Survey. In 1885 the Plough Inn resembled a pair of terraced houses. The bar and snug were at the front. The owner, Roger Watson, changed the façade in 1885 to a shopfront with large windows and three doors leading into a single front room with long bar. The Plough was bought by Robert Deuchar before 1896 and was renamed 'Ye Olde Plough Inn' around the turn of the 20th century. The interior was transformed into a six room plan which kept the counter. There were four bars and two bottle and jug rooms for the take-away trade. After 1905 Deuchar altered one of the back bars. Became a Newcastle Breweries pub. In 1990 it became Legendary Yorkshire Heroes. In 1992 it was bought by Cameron's and became the Plough again.
Site Name
Byker Bank/Wolseley Road, Plough Inn
Site Type: Specific
Public House
HER Number
7985
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
Ordnance Survey second edition 1890; Brian Bennison, 1997, Heavy Nights - A History of Newcastle's Public Houses, Volume Two, The North and East, p 32; Lynn F Pearson, 1989, The Northumbrian Pub - an architectural history, p 30
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
DAY2
20
District
Newcastle
Easting
426410
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
2
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564500
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Shown on first edition Ordnance Survey. By OS second edition, Brewery Bank was renamed Leighton Street.
Site Type: Broad
Place of Worship
SITEDESC
Shown on first edition Ordnance Survey. By OS second edition, Brewery Bank was renamed Leighton Street and the chapel was for the Primitive Methodists. Built circa 1843 and in use until 1896. A simple galleried building with square-headed windows. A familiar early Primitive Methodist design.
Site Name
Leighton Street, Primitive Methodist Chapel
Site Type: Specific
Primitive Methodist Chapel
HER Number
7984
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition 1865; Peter F Ryder, 2012, Nonconformist Chapels and Meeting Houses in Newcastle and North Tyneside - a survey January/February 2012
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2012
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
District
Newcastle
Easting
426590
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564540
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Byker
Description
Shown on first edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Type: Broad
Water Supply Site
SITEDESC
Shown on first edition Ordnance Survey.
Site Name
Byker, water ballast works
Site Type: Specific
Waterworks
HER Number
7983
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition 1865.
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Transport
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
28
DAY2
04
District
Newcastle
Easting
427420
EASTING2
2710
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
12
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
564520
NORTHING2
6350
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Byker
Site Type: Broad
Tramway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Part of a "Waggon Way" is shown on an estate map of Byker produced by William Donkin in 1767. It runs through the fields at Byker to staiths on the Tyne. A waggonway is attested running through the valley as early as 1738 bringing coal from pits in Jesmond to the Tyne. The lower portion of this waggonway is shown on a map of 1767 by Isaac Thompson in the Northumberland County History Hope-Dodds 1930, 264. Three branches run from staiths on the River Tyne at St Peter’s, coalesce and then form a reversed ’S’ curve to the north. The line will have continued on to pits which lay to the north-west (see Turnbull 2009, 9 for a map of pits in Byker) towards Shields Road in Byker but no map has been located showing its route.
Site Name
Byker Waggonway to St. Peter's
Site Type: Specific
Wagonway
HER Number
7982
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Estate plan of Byker, showing lands belonging to Sir Henry Lawson, baronet, produced by William Donkin in 1767 (Northumberland Record Office ZAN MSM/8); Alan Williams Archaeology, 2012, Waggonways North of the River Tyne: Tyne and Wear HER Enhancement Project 2011-12; Hope-Dodds, M, 1930, Northumberland County History, Vol 13, p 264; Les Turnbull, 2009, Coals from Newcastle: An Introduction to the Northumberland and Durham Coalfield, p 9