Coxgreen and Barmston were key points on the River Wear from which coal was loaded onto keels to be taken downriver from at least the beginning of the 18th century. Substantial staiths and spouts are recorded on Burleigh and Thompson's map of 1737. On this map is a coal staith belonging to Nicholas Lambton. This is connected to several wagonways. One branch line runs to two buildings to the south of the river marked as Nicholas Lambton's Fire Engine. The south bank of the river still retains varying sections of wooden remains rising up from the sludge below the high water mark. The whole construction lies angled against the riverbank and is topped by a grass embankment. Likely to be the remains of a later staith complex.

Coxgreen and Barmston were key points on the River Wear from which coal was loaded onto keels to be taken downriver from at least the beginning of the 18th century. Substantial staiths and spouts are recorded on Burleigh and Thompson's map of 1737. On this map it is recorded a "staith and spout" belonging to Mr Donnison. A wagonway running NW to SE serviced the staith (HER 3174).

In 1848, 142 burials were recorded, in 1849, 150. 1850 saw 189 burials, with a further 178 in 1851 and 272 in 1852. In 1853, the year of the third and most serious cholera outbreak, 547 burials were recorded, falling to 169 in 1854. In September 1853, at the peak of the outbreak, 319 people were buried at St. Paul's churchyard, with 55 burials on September 20th alone. There are no burials records available for study after 1854. It is unclear whether the graveyard was closed or whether it passed out of Church of England administration. The last recorded burial in this graveyard is listed as number 2232, implying that a large number of burials may be present on this comparatively small site. During this period there were three serious outbreaks of cholera. The first lasted from December 1831 to March 1832. At first local church cemeteries were used for the dead, but after February 1832, Westgate Hill and Ballast Hills were used. This outbreak left 971 people infected and 306 dead. The second outbreak in 1849 left over 414 dead in Newcastle alone, and the third more serious outbreak in 1853 left over 1,500 dead, many of whom were residents in the west end. The burial records do imply that this cemetery was used as a burial ground for cholera victims at this time. The paths in the cemetery were altered by 1919. The church became a cinema in the 1930s, but the graveyard is still annotated on plans of 1956 as "existing cemetery". Newcastle City Council acquired the site from St Paul's Congregational Church in 1950. The gravestones appear to have been removed when the graveyard was tidied up for the festival of Britain in 1951 (some headstones are still propped up against the north wall of the graveyard). There are no records of a cemetery clearance, and it should therefore be assumed that the burials are still in-situ on the site. The stone dwarf walls around the cemetery still survive. Morgan {2004} states that about 340 cholera victims were buried in this parish churchyard. Over 2200 burials are thought to have taken place here. It closed in 1854. The graveyard was converted into a recreation ground known as the Dotchin Garden of Rest, named after John Anderson Dotchin, a Newcastle ironmonger. A recording of the gravestones was made in 2011 followed by a metal detector survey, test pit survey and watching brief in 2012.

The former Anglican chapel was constructed in 1839. Taken over by Congregationalists/Independents in 1855. The Independents chiselled the Anglican cross off the exterior of the church and buried it in the churchyard. Oliver's map of 1844 and Tallis' map of 1851 show the chapel, associated cottage and grounds. The burial ground was enclosed by a stone wall with metal railings (now gone). The chapel and cemetery are also shown on the 1852 tithe award (DT 165M) for the parish of St John, Elswick, which lists the occupiers as the "Trustees of St Paul's Chapel". On the first edition Ordnance Survey it is described as St Paul's Chapel (Independent). Baptism (1841-50) and burial records (1841-1854) are held at the Northumberland Record Office (NRO EP/73/78) under the records for St John's Elswick, a Church of England parish. Thomas Oliver (1844) describes the chapel as having a porch at the west end with a staircase to both sides of the lobby leading to the galleries, which were supported on 12 metal columns. At the east end of the chapel in a recess were the pulpit (with a staircase of 14 steps) and desk (10 steps). Total sittings 675. Deposited building plans of 1872 describe the chapel as a Congregational Church. Around 1932 the church was sold on and converted into the Gem Cinema {1}. St. Paul's Church was in use as a recreation centre for the unemployed until it was converted into a cinema. Conversion involved added a brick and concrete annexe (foyer with projection room above) to the west end of the church. The windows were bricked up but the tower was retained. The Gem Cinema opened in January 1934. The licensee was Sydney Millar of the Picturdrome in Gibson Street. The owner is thought to have been J. Hamilton Grant, solicitor. There were 680 red plush seats. The walls were brown and cream. The old church tower had horizontal blue neons at the top and bottom, with GEM in red neon in the centre. The Gem closed on 29 October 1960. It reopened in April 1961 with 540 seats. It closed in August 1967 and was demolished. Morgan {2004} states that the church was funded by the vicar of St. John's, Rev. William Wright, in 1841, as the parish church of the proposed new district of St. Paul's. He was a brother-in-law of Richard Grainger. Unfortunately Wright was unable to sell the new church to the Church Commissioners. The Independents (later Congregationalists) bought the church at auction for £1600. It opened for worship in 1855. The church was two storeys and could seat 700. The Independents chiselled the Anglican cross off the exterior of the church and buried it in the churchyard. A new parish church dedicated to St. Paul opened in Havelock Street in 1854. The chapel became a recreation centre for the unemployed in 1931. In 1934 it became the Gem Cinema. It was demolished in 1967 and the site is now a car park.

Nos. 149-157 Westgate Road and 35-39 St. James Boulevard (1-5 Blenheim Street). Built in the early to mid C19. Appears on the Ordnance Survey first edition as The Blenheim Tavern, with a passageway to the rear, Westgate Court. The pub was refurbished as the Carlisle Public House in 1866 to the designs of John Johnsone, a prominent local architect. The building was owned by Modlin Bros from 1865-68 and later (1897) Robert Deucher Ltd. Building plans of 1928 describe 149-151 as a cottage. The building was three storeys high, a rare example of local polychromatic brickwork (light coloured brick with red brick bands and arches), public house front, stone window heads and sills. The building continued as the Carlisle Public House under the ownership of Robert Deucher Ltd. Until at least 1932. Transferred to Newcastle Breweries in the 1950s and closed in 1965. It was derelict from the mid 1980s. Demolished in 2004 but recorded beforehand. The building was in very poor condition, with large parts of the roof and floors missing. Nevertheless a photographic record was taken of the exterior and interior.

A Congregational church was built on the corner of the newly formed Corporation Street and Bath Lane in 1860 for the preacher, doctor and educationalist John Hunter Rutherford. In 1939 it was replaced by the West End Congregational Church, Two Ball Lonnen. The building to the rear was Rutherford College Boys' School, built 1894. It later became the College of Arts and Technology before being demolished in 1987.

The situation in Newcastle from the end of the Roman period to the foundation of the new castle in 1080 is mysterious, since no archaeological evidence has yet been found for a Saxon settlement. There are two documentary references however, to a place called 'Moneccestre'. The association between Newcastle and an older site called Monkchester was made by the author of the 'Vita Oswini' in the 12th century. The author had been a monk at St. Albans, but wrote his book at Tynemouth. The book states that the army of William the Conqueror made camp at Monkchester on their return march southward from a campaign against the Scots in 1072. In 'History of the Church of Durham' Symeon of Durham mentions 'Munecaceastre' on the northern bank of the Tyne, called the 'City of Monks', which belonged to the monks of Durham, but which was under the jurisdiction of the earl of Northumbria. Symeon connects 'Munekeceastre' and Newcastle in 'History of the Kings'. Aldwin of Winchcombe and two monks of Evesham settled in Munekeceastre before being invited to resettle in Jarrow by Bishop Walcher in History of the Kings. Aldwin of Winchcombe and two monks of Evesham settled at Munekeceastre before resettling Jarrow in 1074. Like other "chester" place-names in Northumberland, Monkchester need imply no more than ruined defences, in this case perhaps of the Roman fort (HER 204), which was still visible in a degraded condition in the 8th century (Nolan et al, 2010). It may well be that Beresford is right when he says that the problem ceases to be baffling if we accept that the town came into being with the foundation of the new castle. Nevertheless this is still open to speculation. Earlier writers suggested that the settlement could have lain in other parts of the town. Gray favoured Pandon (HER 1390) as a possible site for a pre-Conquest settlement. Honeyman and others favoured the vicinity of St Andrew's. Honeyman (1941) argued the antiquity of St. Andrew's Church due to the presence of pre-Conquest sculpture and because of nine churches in Northumberland dedicated to St. Andrew, only one has no pre-Conquest evidence. Medieval topographical details in the area around St. Andrews which are suggestive of a village layout - the site of the White Cross (HER 230) and mention of nine tofts and a horsepool in a charter of Henry II, have given rise to speculation that this was the area of the Saxon settlement of Monkchester. Firm evidence is however lacking. Bourne also thought Monkchester was located at the north of Newgate Street and believed that the Hucksters' Booths (market stalls) there were established to serve the monks who lived nearby. Dated C5.

This land, part of Warden's Close, had previously been used for grazing. As early as 1815 it ceased to be used as grazing land because the smoke from the adjacent lead works (HER 6435) had "rendered the grass injurious to the health of the horses". So in 1824 much of the Close was let as a bowling green. By the 20th century the bowling green site had been taken over by college buildings (HER 6294). The bowling green was opened in May 1827. A tavern was built by the subscribers, where they held an annual dinner at the beginning of the season. Closed 1908.

The King's Dikes between Newgate and Warden's Close were let to Christopher Barker, tanner in 1717 and then to his son Joseph Barker in 1729. Gallowgate tannery, with its tan pits, lime pits and splitting house is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. This was part of Locke and Blackett's site (see the lead works entry HER 6435). In 1803 Christopher Blackett assigned part of the site previously used as gardens and orchards to Joseph Arundale, skinner for use as a skinner's yard and a tan-yard. Joseph Arundale and Son occupied the tannery until at least 1838, and are described in trade directories of the period as "tanners, curriers, glue boilers, fellmongers and manufacturers of morocco and patent leather". By 1847/8 the tannery had been taken over by Pattinson & Son, who were still working in 1898 but appear to have left the site by the early C20. The site was cleared before the outbreak of WW1 and put on sale in 1928. It was bought by United Automobile Services Ltd in 1936 for a new bus depot.

In 1939 two narrow blocks of air-raid shelters were built against the eastern side of the bus depot and in the narrow space between the buildings and the town wall, presumably taking advantage of the blast protection offered by the medieval masonry. The shelters had 12" thick reinforced concrete walls and roof and external blast doors.